I-Biograge
UPaul Verlin nguMlobi wenkulumo eyinqaba "Izimbongi Ezilimele". Wayekholelwa ngaphezu kwakho konke. Lolu hlu luphinde lufake nababhali abanamakha ambalwa futhi, kunjalo, i-baudelaire. Lezi zincwadi zezwe zakamuva zithonya, kubandakanya nokwakhiwa kwabamele abamele izimbongi zaseRussia. UCharles Bodler wayesekelwe kuqhathaniswa. Impilo yakhe yayingukuhlushwa, imizamo engenazithelo yokuthola ibhalansi phakathi kwezwe lenkondlo elingekho emthethweni neqiniso.Ubuntwana nentsha
Imbongi yesikhathi esizayo, umgxeki no-Essist bazalwa ngonyaka we-1821 enhlokodolobha yaseFrance. Isikhathi sokuqala kuma-biografikhi womlobi "imibala ebubi" yayingenamafu. Lapho kuzalwa uCharles, uyise wayesevele engu-60. Umama - 28. UCarolina Arshanbo wayengenathemba. Kodwa-ke, umshado obangela asebekhulile futhi ocebile wamdonsela hhayi kuphela ithuba lokuphuma ebuphofini. UFrancois Baudelaphaare wabangela, waba nemikhuba emihle kanye ne-Warehouse yasekuqaleni yengqondo.
Ubaba kaCharles waphuma kwabalimi. Wabamba iqhaza emicimbini yezinguquko. Inkathi yeNapoleon yavula izindlela ezintsha zabamele izifunda eziphansi. UFrancois Bodler uthole imfundo yaseyunivesithi. Usebenze eSenate, kancane, kodwa wakhuphuka kahle esitebhisini sokonhlalo.
IBaudelandoare-SR. Imvamisa yaxosha indodana yakhe ku-Old Ottleac. Kakade sebesemncane, uthando lobuciko oluvuswe emfana. Ubaba ushonile lapho uCharles eseyingane. Ukuhlukumezeka kokuqala kwengqondo, imbongi yatholwa ebuntwaneni, ngokufa kukaYise. Akagcinanga kuphela olahlekelwe othandekayo, kodwa futhi wafunda ufulawa womhawu.
Umama waya unyaka nje. Kulokhu lesi sikhulu esineminyaka engu-17 saba yinduna kaCarolina, hhayi lutho olunenjongo ezincwadini nasebunjiwe. Kwakuyindoda eyalelwe, yafundiswa. Kepha akakwazanga ukuthola indlela yenyama. UCharles wathunyelwa eLyon, esiswini sokonga eRoyal College.
Izinkondlo zokuqala zeBaudelaphaare zingesikhathi sesifundazana. Ngemuva kokukhululwa esikoleni sokugibela, waya enhlokodolobha, lapho aqhubeka khona nemfundo. Imisebenzi yakuqala igcwele umuzwa wokudumazeka, ukulangazelela. Ngo-1841, uLyric waphothula iziqu ekuqeqesheni. Ubuhlakani bagcizelela emsebenzini osemthethweni. Kodwa-ke, uCharles usevele wazi ukuthi impilo yakhe izohlotshaniswa nezincwadi. Abazali bamqinisekisa ukuthi baye eNdiya, benethemba lokuthi ngale ndlela babeyosindisa le nsizwa esuka "ekuzimeleni".
Into yokufunda
Uhambo olungapheli isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka. I-Baudelaphaare, futhi ngaphandle kokufinyelela ogwini lweNdiya, bavakashela esiqhingini saseReunion. Ama-Sea Landscapes ayenemibono eqinile kumagama amasha, futhi kamuva aboniswa ubuhlakani benkondlo.
Ekuqaleni kwendlela ebhaliwe, i-bajler ikhalisa ugqozi ezigabeni zokuphela kwama-40s. Imbongi ayizange ihlale kude nenhlangano yokuguqula izinguquko ekhulayo. Kanye nabasebenzi, balwa nemigoqo ehlobo lika-1848, banyathelisa izindatshana ephephandabeni le-radical Paris. Kamuva uzokubiza ngokuthi uphethe. Futhi ngokuhamba kweminyaka kuzoqala ukuzwa cishe ukwengema kwezepolitiki.
Izinkondlo zokuqala uCharles Baudereli aphrintwe ngo-1843. Ukuchuma kwamandla okudala kwawa ekuqaleni kwama-50s. Into esemqoka yesithombe esemisebenzini yenkondlo kwaba ukudideka, ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso ezineqiniso elimpunga. Ngo-1957, leli qoqo lanyatheliswa, okwabangela ukubambelela emphakathini, "izimbali zimbi".
Iqiniso kwavela enkombeni yesiphithiphithi futhi engenamephu. Ngokungafani noRomanics, futhi okungazange kuvumelane namaqiniso, iBaunjelener ayizange ihlezi kahle ngokukhohlisa, ayizange iphuphe umhlaba omuhle. Emphefumulweni womuntu, wabona ucezu lwentokozo ebabayo. Ngezinkondlo ezifakiwe ekuhlanganisweni ehlahlayo, umbhali waveza okwakhe ububi. IBaphuzi -are yaba yimbongi yokuqala egxeke hhayi njengenkampani ngathi ikheli uqobo.
"Iculo lobuhle", elifakwe ekuhlanganisweni okudumile, hhayi ukujaha okuhle. Ubuhle kulo msebenzi, umbhali wethula okuhehayo, obukekayo, kodwa ongenamusa. Lo mprost wabonakala ekwakhekeni kwenkondlo. Into esemqoka ilapha - umenzi we-antithes.
"Ebusisweni" imbongi ikhuluma ngobubi obubi kulomhlaba - mayelana nesithukuthezi. Isebenza "ngemibala emibi" yachazwa kakhulu. Inhloso yefilosofi yefilosofi yezinkondlo ezikhulekayo zembongi yingqikithi yaphakade yezingxabano ezingokoqobo. Zicebe, ezesikhathi ngesikhathi sika-bo Bodler, ezitholakele ezihlukile zisebenza ngokuhlanya. Abafundi nabagxeki bahlangana nabo ngentokozo.
Emavikini amabili ngemuva kokushicilelwa kweqoqo kwaqala inqubo yokulwa nomlobi. Boder asolwa ngokuhlambalaza, ukwephulwa kwezindlela zokuziphatha. Imbongi yaphoqelelwa ukuthi ikhokhe inhlawulo, eyakwazi ukunciphisa ngenxa yesikhalazo kwi-Empress. Phakathi kwezinkondlo ezifakwe encwadini, eyadalela isiyaluyalu emphakathini: i-albatross, ePadal, ekahle, i-flacon, "kwalasha", "umbiko we-self-beman".
Izithombe ezidalwe yizona ngasikhathi sinye futhi ziyaxosha. Quote, ekhombisa ukungathembeki kwembongi yaseFrance, "umuntu kufanele awe phansi ukuze akholwe enjabulweni." Enye incwadi yomsunguli wamashumi eminyaka, eshicilelwe ngo-1957, "inkondlo esenzweni." Kepha akabange esaphumelela kangaka.
"I-Paris Spleen" iqoqo lokukhanya ngo-1960. Le ncwadi ihlanganisa izinkondlo ezisePraces ("izixuku", "ama-pajats amadala", "Alien", "ithoyizi lendoda empofu"). "Inhliziyo yami enqunu" iqoqo lamarekhodi edayari. Zombili lezi zimbongi zezincwadi azizange ziqede. Izifo, ukwehluleka empilweni yomuntu siqu kuncishwe amandla akhe okugcina.
I-Baudelandoare ngumlobi wokuqala, owagxila emsebenzini wakhe imiphumela ye-Gasesha ekuqapheleni komuntu. Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-40s, wavakashela ekilabhini eyamukelwayo eyamukelekayo izidakamizwa ezenqatshelwe namuhla. Naye uqobo wasebenzisa i-hashish izikhathi ezimbalwa empilweni. U-Theophileile Gauthier wathi injabulo ebabazekayo ye-Hasishist eBodler ayenengeka. Kuliqiniso, ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-50, imbongi izame u-Opium. Kepha kulokhu umlutha wakwazi ukuqeda.
Kokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic, wabhala izindatshana ezimbalwa ezingena encwadini ethi "IPharadesi Lokufakelwa". Ama-Essays ngephutha ne-hashish yabhalwa ngo-1951. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa kamuva, uBatudelAire wanikezela isidakamizwa esinqunu komunye umsebenzi. Wayekholelwa ukuthi lo muthi wawunesinyathelo esijabulisayo sokwazi komuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akuhambelani nemisebenzi yokudala. Imibono yanamathela ekunciphiseni iwayini. Imbongi yathi utshwala buyenza umuntu avule, angasindi, ajabule.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
E-biography kaCharles Bodler, igama elithi Zhanna Duval lishiwo njalo. Umlingisi wayimbobo yaseFrance. Wanikezela imisebenzi eminingi: "Shevory", "Balcony", "Ukudansa". " ICreolek ebukekayo yamgqugquzela futhi ekwakhiweni kwenkondlo "Padal" kusukela ekuqoqweni "izimbali zobubi". Bahlangana ekuqaleni kwama-40s, kepha umndeni kaBajler akazange amukele uJeanne. Umama wenza konke ukuze ahlukanise. Ngolunye usuku, imbongi ekhethwayo yazama nokuzibulala.
UBodler akazange ahlukane ne-duval kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Wayengumuntu ochithayo, wahileleka kumaphrojekthi angabazisayo. Izihlobo zimthethe inani lanyanga zonke olomile ngokushesha. Iningi lempilo kaBaphuzi wahlala ebuphofini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoJeanne, wahlupheka eSyphilis.
Ukushona
Maphakathi no-60s Charles Baudelaire washiya eParis. Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo yakhe yachitha eBelgium. Isimo sesiwohlokile, lesi sifo sabhubhisa ngokushesha umzimba wesiguli. Kanye emgwaqweni walahlekelwa ukwazi. Ngo-Ephreli 1866, uBaphuzi wangeniswa esibhedlela, kodwa ngokushesha bathuthela ehhotela. Umqondo wombhali "imibala ebubi" kancane kancane waphela. Imbongi yayeka ukuvuka embhedeni, ayizange isho izwi.Ngo-1867, uBodler wabekwa esibhedlela ukuze agule ngokomqondo. Ngo-Agasti 31, washona. I-Great French Bott itholakala emathuneni asedume edume, esiphenduke isiphephelo sokugcina samaFrance adume kakhulu, - eMontttarnasse.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1847 - "Fanfarlo".
- 1857 - "Izimbali zimbi".
- Ngo-1857 - "Izigxobo ePrace"
- Ngo-1860 - "Paris Slin"
- Ngo-1860 - "Ipharadesi Lokufakelwa"
- Ngo-1864 - "Inhliziyo Yami Enqunu"