I-Biograge
UZhores Alferov uyinganekwane ephilayo yesayensi yasekhaya. Usosayensi okutholwe okutholwa okungukuthi ukudala izisetshenziswa zanamuhla ze-elekthronikhi. Umhlaba wethu awusenakwenzeka ukuthi ucabange ngaphandle kwama-lasers, ama-semiconductors, ama-LED namanethiwekhi we-fiber optic. Konke lokhu sekutholakele ebuntwini ngenxa yokutholwa kokusungulwa kososayensi bakwaJaderes Alferov nabasebasha abakhuphukile.Ukuzungulwa kweRussia (esikhathini esedlule - i-Soviet) i-physics imakwe kakhulu kuwo wonke amakhona omhlaba futhi ngisho nasendaweni. I-Asteroid (3884) i-Alfererov yigama loNobel Prize Laureate, i-Acadomian RAS neLungu Lokuhlonishwa Kwemiphakathi Yesayensi Yezizwe.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubuntwana bososayensi buye baba yiminyaka enzima. Umhlaba usushintshe kakhulu ngoba u-Ivan Karpovich Alföhrov no-Anna Vladimirovna Rosenblum wazalwa indodana kaJunior emndenini wamaKhomanisi u-Ivan Karpovich. Abazali abaphezulu abazali ababizwa nge-Marx (washona ezinsukwini zokugcina zeKorsun-Shevchenkovsky Battle), kanti omncane wathola igama ukuhlonipha uJean Zhorses, umholi wezenhlalo yaseFrance.
Ukuzalwa ngoMashi 15, 1930 eVitebsk, ingane ngaphambi kokuba impi ikwazile ukwakhiwa kanye nabazali baseStalingrad, eNovosibirsk, uBarnaul noSizhstroy. Uma umndeni ka-Alferova uhlala uhlala eBelarus, isayensi yezwe ingangena ekulahlekelweni okukhulu, futhi ngaphandle kokufunda ngaye. Ubuzwe buka-Anna Rosenblum buzoba nembangela yokufa nomama, nendodana ezandleni zamaNazi.
Iminyaka yomndeni weMpi Yezwe II ihlala esifundeni saseSverdlovsk, kepha imvamisa ifunda esikoleni eya kusosayensi wesikhathi esizayo ngaleso sikhathi akwenzekanga. Kodwa-ke, lapho ubuyela eMinsk, ama-zhores asheshe avele isikhathi esilahlekile. Isikole siqede ngendondo yegolide. Manje lesi sikole sibizwa ngokuthi iGymnasium №42 futhi sigqoka igama lomfundi odumile.
I-physics physics Yakov Borisovich Melcornzon yaphawula ikhono le nsizwa futhi linconyelwe ukufaka ubuhlakani bamandla we-Belarusian Polytech. Ukunquma nombuthano wezintshisekelo zesayensi, i-Alferov yadluliselwa ku-Leti. Ngo-1952 waqala umsebenzi wakhe wesayensi.
Isayensi
Abaphothuli baphupha basebenza ngoFiztech ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Abraha Fedorovich Ioffe. Isikhungo se-physico-technical sasisendaweni yangemva kwempi. Ehlaya, wabizwa ngokuthi "enkulisa kinde, kwaba lapho lapho i-latau young, uMenov noKapitsa bakhula khona. Lapho, uZhores Ivanovich waba yingxenye yeqembu eladala ama-transistors okuqala eSoviet.
AbakwaTranstors baba nengqikithi yeTeister for ukhetho lwe-thesis wesayensi encane. Kamuva, ama-zhores ivanovich ashintshele esifundweni se-heroficial heteroucturetures (amakristalu okufakelwa) kanye nokunyakaza kokukhanya nezinye izinhlobo zemisebe kuzo. Elebhu yakhe esebenza nama-lasers, kakade ngo-1970, amaphaneli okuqala elanga lokuqala adalwe lapho. Babehlome ama-satellites, bahlinzeka ngesiteshi sikagesi esithi "Ukuthula".
Amakilasi wesayensi esetshenzisiwe ahamba ngokufana nomsebenzi wokufundisa. UZhorez u-Ivanovich wabhala izincwadi nezihloko. Uhole uMnyango we-Opoleelectronics kanye nabafundi abakhethwe mathupha. Izingane zesikole ezazine-physics ziye ezinhlanganweni zawo zonyaka "kanye nokuphila".
Manje eyunivesithi yezemfundo, umyalo waphakade wawo okuthi ama-zhores afana, asebenzisa iLyceum "ngokomzimba kanye nezobuchwepheshe." I-Lyceum yisinyathelo esingezansi sesikhungo sezesayensi nezemfundo, esifaka isikhungo sokucwaninga esinamandla. I-Academitian ibona ikusasa lesayensi yaseRussia eLyciists.
"Ikusasa laseRussia yiSayensi neTekhnoloji, hhayi ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Futhi ikusasa lezwe alilona ama-oligarchs, kodwa kothile kubafundi bami. "Lokhu kucaphuna okuvela ku-PublicThument of Gorees Ivanovich kwembula ukholo lososayensi ekunqobeni ingqondo ebuzayo ngesifiso sokucebisa.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Mhlawumbe impumelelo yokuqala yesayensi yososayensi ibe nomthelela ekwehlulekeni kwempilo yakhe. Umshado wokuqala kaZhorses Ivanovich wawa ngenhlamba. Unkosikazi omuhle, ngosizo lwezihlobo ze-GEORGIAN TEORGIAN, zaphakamisa umyeni wakhe ngesehlukaniso sefulethi le-leningrad. Kuphela isithuthuthu kanye ne-clamshell kuphela esasele empahleni ye-alferov, ahlala kuyo ubusuku belebhu. Ukuqhekeka kobudlelwano kuholele ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kobudlelwano bukayise nendodakazi yakhe.
Usosayensi wesibili oshadile ngo-1967 kuphela, futhi lo mshado umelana novivinyo lwesikhathi. Ngokubambisana noTamara Darus Zhores bakhulisa indodakazi yakhe u-Irina nendodana evamile ka-Ivan. Ukuzalwa kwendodana kuhambisane nomunye umcimbi ku-biography - ukuthola umklomelo weLenin. Izingane zikhule isikhathi eside, uZhores Ivanovich wakwazi ukuba ngumkhulu. Unomzukulu emibili nomzukulu.
Iminyaka yokugcina
Igunya lososayensi eWorld Science lisuselwa kumaphepha esayensi angaphezu kuka-500 futhi cishe ikhulu lokusungula. Kepha imisebenzi yeNobel Laureate yayingakhawulelwe ku-physics. Ehlobo lika-2017, ezindongeni zase-University of Samara, i-Acadomian Funda inkulumo evulekile ngesihloko: "Albert Einstein, Socialism kanye nezwe lanamuhla," okwambulela izindaba zanamuhla, "okwambula izindaba zanamuhla,
Ezinkulumo zakhe, usosayensi wabiza isimo sesayensi eRussia esabekayo futhi wavikela amalungelo esikhungo saseRussia sesayensi yesayensi yokuzibusa kanye nezimali ezihlonishwayo. Usosayensi wayekholelwa ukuthi uMbuso kufanele ahlinzeke izakhamizi ngemithi yamahhala, ezemfundo kanye nezindlu, futhi uma kungenjalo lesi sakhiwo asisebenzi.
UZhorez Ivanovich wabandakanyeka ngqo ekuphathweni kukahulumeni. Emuva ngo-1989, wakhethwa yiPhini labantu base-USSR kusuka esikhungweni sesayensi. Kusukela lapho, i-academitian yahlala ikhethwe njalo eRussia Duma, ukuvikela ngenkuthalo izintshisekelo zososayensi nezakhamizi ezijwayelekile.
Ngo-Agasti 2017, i-Forbes Journal yajika iZhorses Alferov kumaRussia angamakhulu ekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Naphezu kweminyaka eqinile, i-nobel laureate kwividiyo nesithombe sabukeka sijabule futhi sizethemba.
Ukushona
NgoMashi 2, 2019, uZhores Alferov ushone eneminyaka engama-88. Njengezintatheli, udokotela wekhanda lesibhedlela se-Russian Academy of Sciences Oleg Chagunava, imbangela yokufa kweNobel Laureate yaba yi-Hordiovary yehluleka ne-pulmonary. Ngobusuku bakwa-ALFERS, izinyanga ezimbalwa zabonwa ngodokotela ngesikhalazo nge-hypertension.Inhlangano yomngcwabo we-physics edumile yathatha iphathi yamaKhomanisi.
Imiklomelo kanye nezimpumelelo
- 1959 - Order "Udumo Sign"
- 1971 - Indondo yeStuart Ballandine (USA)
- 1972 - Umklomelo we-Lenin
- 1975 - Ukuhleleka kwesibhengezo esibomvu
- Ngo-1978 - Umklomelo weGuglet-Pakcardian (umphakathi we-European Worcial)
- Ngo-1980 - I-oda le-Okthoba Revolution
- Ngo-1984 - Umklomelo We-USSR State
- 1986 - Ukuhleleka kweLenin
- 1987 - Indondo yegolide kaHeinrich Velker (Symposium on Gaas)
- 1989 - Umklomelo weKarpinsky (Germany)
- 1993 - xlix mendulevsky Reader
- Ngo-1996 - Umklomelo ogama lakhe ngu-A. F. Ioffe (RAS)
- 1998 - Honory Dr. SPBGUP
- 1999 - Order "for Merit to Babaland" III Degree
- Ngo-1999 - Umklomelo weDemidov (I-Science Demidov Fund)
- I-1999 - I-Gold Medal ebizwa nge-A. S. Popova (RAS)
- Ngo-2000 - Umklomelo kaNobel (Sweden)
- 2000 - Order "for Merit to Babaland" II Digree
- Ngo-2000 - UNick Hollyaka Prize (America Optical Society)
- 2001 - Order of Francis Skorne (Belarus)
- Ngo-2001 - Umklomelo weKyoto (Japan)
- 2001 - Umklomelo V. I. Vernadsky (Ukraine)
- 2001 - Umklomelo we-Russian Oliphpus Award. Isihloko esithi "Legend Man"
- 2002 - Umklomelo woMbuso weRussia Federation
- 2002 - Igolide Medal Spie
- 2002 - Umvuzo "Iplate Yegolide" (USA)
- 2003 - Order of Prince Yaroslav Wise-Degree (Ukraine)
- 2005 - Order "for Merit to Babaland" I degree
- Ngo-2005 - Umklomelo Wezamandla Wamandla Wamandla Wamazwe Ngamazwe "
- Ngo-2008 - Isihloko nendondo yoMbusi uprofesa we-MFTI
- Ngo-2009 - Ukuhleleka kobungani babantu (Belarus)
- Ngo-2010 - Order "for Merit to Babaland" IV degree
- 2010 - Medal "Ukunikela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Nanoscience ne-Nanotechnology" kusuka ku-UNESCO
- Ngo-2011 - Isihloko esithi "Honomurary Dr. Russian-Armenian (Slavic) University"
- 2013 - Umklomelo Wezwe WaseKarl Boaer
- 2015 - I-oda lika-Alexander Nevsky
- Ngo-2015 - Gygjevi Nizami Gold Medal (Azerbaijan)
- Ngo-2015 - Isihloko esithi "Hononorrary Professor Mim"