I-Biograge
I-LOUIS XV imithetho iminyaka engama-59. Ubuntu obunganaki, obuvilaphakele, obuthile - ngakho-ke dweba inkosi yaseFrance yezazi-mlando. Kepha hhayi bonke. Abalobi abahlukile be-prose ye-biographical bamkhombisa umuntu ofundile, efuna ukwazi, edelela umkhosi oqinile. Esikhathini sakhe, iFrance yafinyelela eqinisweni elingakaze libonwe kulo, kodwa yangena enkingeni yezomnotho, okugcina, eya eRavolution.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ekhulwini le-XVIII, abantu babevame ukufa bebhekene nezinsimbi, abathengi nezinye izifo. Nejazi le-simp, namakhosi. Inkosi yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa ngo-1710. Ngemuva konyaka, umkhulu weNkosi yekusasa wafa. Ngo-1712, abazali bafa. Uhlotshiswe iminyaka emibili ye-dofina sawubona. Wabusa izwe leminyaka engama-72, ende kunokuzwa indlalifa yakhe. Kepha igama elisondela ekugcineni.
AmaBourbons ayesaba ukuthi uhulumeni uya e-Orleans. Ukuze kube nempilo yomholi omncane wokuqala, igceke laseRoyal sesaba kakhulu. Ngo-1715, uLouis wayeseyinkosi. UPhilip Orleans - I-Regent yakhe.
Imfundo kaLouis XV yathatha uDuchess Vantadur. Ususe kumfana nodokotela ukuphulukisa ekufeni kwezihlobo zakhe, wamfundisa ukuthi agqoke i-corset, eyenza isithombe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sathinta. Ukuzilibazisa kokugibela ukugibela nokuzingela kwaqinisa impilo yenkosi encane. Ngokuqondene nesimo sengqondo, uLouis of Louis XIV kusukela esemncane wahlukaniswa ngokungapheli, ukuthambekela kokuncibilika.
Ingane ejwayelekile ingakhokha injabulo ngokuxhumana nontanga. Kepha sikhuluma ngenkosi encane. Abamele Uhlobo Lasebukhosini babenesizungu, naphezu kwabahlonishwayo, inhlonipho futhi eyingozi. Umfana wayeneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala lapho ehlukaniswa neVantadur. UVilrooa waba ngumfundisi oyinhloko.
Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kweNkosi encane kwaganwa ngumholi wethalente. UVilrooa wayengeyena uthisha omuhle kakhulu. Isisekelo senqubo yemfundo bekuwukubamba iqhaza emikhosini esemthethweni lapho umfana anikezwe khona indima enkulu. Uhlelo lwezinzwa zezingane alukwazanga ukumelana nemithwalo, uLouis waqala ukwesaba isixuku.
Isidoda Blumenu - Umbhali we-biography yenkosi yaseFrance - waveza ukuthi ithonya lethonya lezindlela ezingezinhle zakwaVilrooa ezibandakanya umbusi wawuthonywa yimvelo yombusi. Inkosi encane ayizange ijwayele ukusebenza. UVilrooa wafaka umfundi wokungahloniphi imikhosi, ukunganaki.
NgeSayensi, bekungcono ngokusobala. Umfana wanikezwa izifundo zesiLatini, izibalo, umlando. Kamuva, ukuba ngumbusi ngomqondo ophelele weZwi, inkosi izokhetha umsebenzi ngamaphepha emikhosi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inzalo izoba nomqondo wenkosi engelutho neyavila.
ULouis wayeneqoqo elibanzi lezincwadi, ezaziphinde zagcwaliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi ibeke umhlangano onqabile we-atlases. Lapho ebusheni, wayazi izisekelo zokuphathwa komphakathi nenqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi encane yaseFrance yahlakazeka emlandweni ngenxa yenkumbulo emangalisayo.
UFilip Orleans wafa ngaphambi nje kokuba afike enkosini yokubambela. Lapho-ke isikhonzi sokuqala samiswa uDuke de Bourbon. Into yokuqala akwenzayo, esethole isikhundla esisha, ingumakoti wenkosi encane. Umshado wamakhosi nokuzalwa kwezingane kwakuzovikela amaBourboni ezingxoxweni ze-Orleans. Umakoti wathola ngokushesha. Waba uMaria Leshchinskaya, owakhiwa yintombi, eyakwazi ukucula nokudweba, kepha kungahlukaniswa ngobuhle.
Ukuqala kwebhodi
Ngo-1726, uLouis wamemezela ukulungela ukuhlela ngokuzimela. UDuke de Bubbon King wathumela futhi ekugcineni waba umbusi ogcwele. Kodwa-ke, ngokubuka nje. Eqinisweni, umbuso wabuswa nguKhadinali de Flery. Udlale indima efanayo naka-Richelieu.
Kuze kube ngu-1743, okungukuthi, kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, uDe Fleury waxazulula bonke ohulumeni ababalulekile. Inkosi okwamanje enezinto zokuzilibazisa eziyintandokazi. Okokuqala ukuzingela. Ngezikhathi ezithile ahlanganayo enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi, kusihlwa ancamela ukubala amakhadi. I-Versailles enemikhosi enomsindo icasule inkosi. Wazizwa ekhululekile ngokwengeziwe kwezinye izinqaba.
UKhadinali, ezandleni zakhe ezazigxishwe ngamandla, zigweme izindlela zekhadinali. Akazange enze izinyathelo zezombusazwe ezinqumayo, ezaza ngegalelo ekwehlisweni kwesimo sezomnotho. Izici zeBhodi de Fleury ukuntuleka kwezinguquko, izinto ezintsha. UCardinal wakhulula abamele abefundisi abavela entela nasekuphikweni okuphindwe kabili. Ngiphishekela abaphikisi abaphikisi, futhi ezindabeni zezezimali bakhombisa ukungazi ngokuphelele.
UDe Flery uvikeleke izimpi. Noma kunjalo, kwenzeke izingxabano zegazi. Ngenxa yalokhu kungqubuzana kwezempi, uLorraine wanamathiselwa ifa leSulumane eFrance. Umzabalazo wefa lase-Austrian waholela ezweni lakwa-Aachen.
ULouis uhlonishwe ubuciko nezincwadi. Ngaleso sikhathi lapho uDon Flery ehole izwe, inkosi yaxhasa abakwa-Archites, abadwebi, abaculi, izimbongi, bakhuthaze umuthi kanye nesayensi yemvelo. Ngokulinganiselwa okulinganiselwa, wathenga ama-800. Malini i-Louis XV esetshenziswe kwifenisha nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa akwaziwa.
Ezombusazwe zasekhaya
Ngemuva kokufa kukaDe Flery, inkosi ayizange iqophe umfundisi omusha. Ubuye futhi walungiselela ukuphatha izwe ngokuzimela, kepha lapha kwakhombisa ukungakwazi okuphelele ukuxazulula izinkinga zombuso. Konke lokhu kwakunemiphumela yokuhlela eFrance. Izinkonzo zaqala ukungcola. Inkosi ngaphandle kokuzisola yachitha imali eMgcinimafayi ekulweni kwenkosikazi.
Maphakathi nama-40s, uLouis weza emandleni eMadame de Pompadur. Iminyaka engama-20, lona wesifazane wangenela ezindabeni zomphakathi. Kuliqiniso, umphumela omkhulu okhokhelwe ubuciko nesayensi. Ngokwengxenye, ngenxa ye-pompadour, igama elithi "Louis XV isitayela" lisho ukuthi isitayela seRococo kanye nesicelo esisunguliwe ngokuyinhloko kubuciko obusetshenzisiwe.
Eqinisweni, intandokazi eyinhloko yenkosi yabizwa ngokuthi iMadame D'Athole. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wamukela enkosini nasesihlokweni naseqenjini lezezakhiwo. Intandokazi uLouis XV yathatha udluliselwe ku-Flei. Okokuqala, isimo semithetho yekhadinali. Wabe eseshintsha iMadame Pompadour. Cishe ngo-1750, ubudlelwano phakathi kweNkosi nentandokazi kwakunguPlonic. Noma kunjalo, phakathi kwabakhileyo eParis kwakhula ubutha ku-monarch. Enhlokodolobha, amahlebezi asabalalisa ngombusi okhubazekile, othukuthelela i-pompadour edoti.
Ngo-1757, umuntu ogama lakhe linguDamien ngekota eGrevskaya Square. Lolu hlobo lokubulawa alusetshenziswanga eFrance ngaphezulu kwekhulu leminyaka. UDamien wagwetshwa ukufa okubuhlungu ngamacala okuzama inkosi. Isikhundla esicindezelayo emkhakheni wezimali, ukungeneliseki kwabantu, ukungathembeki kwabefundisi - konke lokhu kukhulume ngesidingo sezinguquko. UMasha, ohambisana nezimali, okuhlongozwayo ukunciphisa amalungelo abefundisi. Kepha iphrojekthi yakhe ayizange isetshenziswe.
Inqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe
Ngo-1756, izitha zeBourbon naseHabsburg zavele zazithola zisohlangothini olulodwa lwemivilo. Kwaqala impi eneminyaka eyisikhombisa. Inkosi yaseFrance yayingasehlangothini lwe-Austria. Umphumela walokhu kungqubuzana kwezempi kwakunguMhlaba weParis, ngakho-ke izwe lalahlekelwa yiCanada, eNdiya nakwamanye amakoloni. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, iFrance ayizange ilandele amandla aqinile aseYurophu.
ILouis XV ayizange yamukele izinqumo ezizimele. IMadame Pompadour yangenelela ngisho nasezindabeni zempi, ngezikhathi ezithile zaqokwa izikhonzi ezintsha nomkhuzi. Impi yanciphisa izwe lamandla okugcina.
UFrance wayeseduze kwenhlekelele, kwaqala ukusilela. Lapho iPompadour ishonile, kwavela intandokazi entsha yenkosi eVersaille - iDubarry, efana naleyo eyandulelayo, yazibonakalisa njengethalente elinamakhono.
Ukunganeliseki kwabantu kwanda. Kodwa-ke, inkosi ayizange ayinake. Usazingela, wajabulisa ngezinsimbi. Ukuze aqinise umhlaba nge-Austria, waphetha inkontileka yomshado. ULouis XV wasinda endodaneni yakhe.
Indlalifa eqondile kwakuwumzuliswana inkosi eyayishade naye ngokunenthi. ULouis XVI noMaria-Antoinette bahlawuliswa izono zangaphambi kwakhe. Ukunganeliseki kwabantu kwaphenduka inguquko. Umzukulu kaLouis XV nomkakhe babulawa. Isisho esithi "isimangaliso savila" - "ngemuva kwalokhu kamuva," sababulala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMaria wayengathandeki, kodwa nenkosi wayenobudlelwano obungafanele obungafanele. Kuleso sikhathi, imininingwane esondele kakhulu yempilo yomuntu siqu kwaxoxwa ngayo ngaphandle kwesizotha esingadingekile. Iqiniso lokuthi inkosi esemncane yayiyisithandwa esikhathazekile, yabona izwe lonke. Inzalo yanda ngokushesha, futhi yaqinisekiswa ngebhonasi isikhashana. Ngo-1737, uMaria wabeletha izingane eziyi-10.
Kepha ubudlelwane bukaLouis noMariya kancane kancane. Isizathu sokuzikhulula emndenini wasebukhosini ngumehluko ngohlamvu nomoya oshubile. Ngenxa yokubanda kukankosikazi wakhe, inkosi yaqala ukwenza amangalisi, okwakugcina kwayithinta indlela kahulumeni. Akazange ahluphe ngokuqukethwe okuthandayo, futhi isimo sezomnotho ezweni sasisibi kakhulu ngosuku ngalunye.
UMaria ushone ngo-1768. Izingane ezine kweziyishumi zasebukhosini zafa ebuntwaneni. U-OvDov, uLouis akasashadi, yize inketho enjalo njengendlela yokuqinisa ubudlelwano baseFranco-Austrian.
ILouis XV - umuntu okhanyayo emlandweni. Mayelana nenkathi ye- "Lazy Monarch" Bhala izincwadi, abaqondisi badubula amafilimu. Mayelana nezintandokazi zenkosi uchazwa kolunye uchungechunge lwe- "MHRAVOV". Ifilimu lokuqala lapho isithombe sabakhulu benkosi enkulu bekhona ngawo-1930. Omunye wemidwebo yokugcina - "ILouis XV: Ilanga elimnyama".
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uLouis XV wazitholelana ngokuzikhandla kunokuba ngomusa. UDubarry wawuhlinzeka njalo emibikazi emincane nengaphakathi.
Kusuka koyedwa wazo, inkosi esekupheleni kuka-Ephreli 1774 futhi itheleleke ngengxibongo. Kwangathi u-10 adlula. Kulolu suku, akekho oshiswe eParis. Abantu baye bazamazama, babeka ithemba lombusi omusha.
Ukukhumbula
- 1938 - Ifilimu "Maria-Antoinette"
- 1952 - Fanfan Tulip Film Film
- 1956 - Ifilimu "Maria-Antoinetta - Queen of France"
- Ngo-2005 - Isikhumbuzo ePeterhof "Peter I nge-juevele louis xv ezingalweni"
- 2006 - Ifilimu "Jeanne Poisson, Marquis De Pompadur"
- Ngo-2009 - Movie "Louis XV: Ilanga elimnyama"