I-Biograge
UKonstantin Paustovsky uqokonyiswe ngemuva kwesizinda seSoviet ProSAikov. Akazange ajoyine amandla, wabhala emphemeni wenhliziyo. Futhi inhliziyo kaPauustic ingeyabantu abavamile. Ubuke wabheka ithalente lakhe ukuhweba ngesenzo esinyanyekayo kakhulu somculi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ukujaha okuzayo kohlobo lwesiRussia kwazalwa ngonyaka we-1892 emndenini wephoyisa osethathe umhlalaphansi, owayesebenza iminyaka eminingi esitimeleni. Ubaba wayeyinzalo kaPeter Sagaidakaya - umholi ongesabi uZaporizhhhhya Cossacks. Wakhumbula ngobudlelwano ne-hetman kaningi, kodwa hhayi ngaphandle kwe-irony.
Ugogo olayini kamama wawusukiwe, oshisekayo wamaKatolika. Ngomuntu okholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho, umuntu ongenandaba nenkululeko, wayevame ukwenzeka emhlabathini wezomqondo. Umkhulu womugqa kababa wakhonza kanye yinkosi, ehlanganyela empini yaseTurkey-Russian, ngenxa yalokho ahlangana nowesifazane osempumalanga owayenamandla owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba ngumkakhe kamuva owaba umkakhe.
E-Pedigree Pausto, kunezikhundla zeZaporizzzhya, kanye namaTurks, kanye nezigxobo. Noma kunjalo, waba ngumlobi ojulile waseRussia, wanikela ngokuphila ukuze acasule ubuhle bendawo yakhe yendabuko. Lapho ebusheni, yena, njengontanga yakhe abaningi, funda ubuphofu. Ukumhlaba okujulile kuye kwenza indaba yothando mayelana nentombazane eyaphupha i-ASOLL. Kepha vele eminyakeni yokuzivocavoca umzimba, uKonstantin waheha ukufundwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nokubhala. Indatshana yokuqala yeProSonaik encane kwakuyindaba "emanzini".
Eminyakeni yokuqala uKonstantin wachitha eMoscow, wabe esefunda eKiev, hhayi isikhathi eside eBryansk. Umndeni uvame ukuthutha. Isikhala ngo-1908, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho iNdodana ayikaze ibone ubaba wayo. I-Gymnasisters, lapho ithole i-telegraph ngesifo somzali, ngokushesha saya esontweni elimhlophe. Endleleni, ngacabanga ngoYise, owayekade emsulwa, oziqhenyayo, kodwa olungileyo. Ngaphambi nje kokuba kube nokufa, ukuthi ngezizathu ezingaziwa baphonsa insizakalo emgwaqweni wesitimela futhi bashiye ifa elikhelwe ngugogo.
Ekufeni kukaYise kamuva, umbhali uzobhala "nge-Tale of Life". Incwadi ikhombisa eminye imicimbi evela e-ProSAIK Biography. Intsha kaPowesty yadlula eKiev. Ngemuva kokuzivocavoca umzimba ungene kwi-Faculty of Philology. Engxenyeni yesibili ye-autobiography, umbhali ukhumbula uprofesa wefilosofi, ngaphandle ofana no-Emil ZOL. Ezinhlosweni zothisha we-eccentric uPaustovsky ngokuzumayo wabona kungazelelwe ukuthi indlela okuwukuphela kwendlela yakhe yokuphila yayiyisisho.
UPonesta wayenabadade nabafowethu ababili. Abakwa-Eldest abakwamukeli izinto zokuzilibazisa ezibhaliwe zikaConstantine, bakholelwa ukuthi i-prose nezinkondlo zidingeka kuphela ukuzijabulisa. Kepha akazange alalele imiyalo yomfowabo futhi waqhubeka nokufunda futhi ebhale ukukhathala nsuku zonke.
Intsha yaseShere yaphela ngo-1914. UKonstantin waphonsa izifundo zakhe, waya eMoscow. Umama nodadewethu bahlala enkabeni yedolobha, ngenala enkulu, kamuva yaqanjwa kabusha kabusha. UPaustovsky wadluliselwa enhlokodolobha inyuvesi, kodwa wafunda isikhathi eside. Usebenze isikhashana umqhubi we-tram. Ngaphambili, umfundi wangaphambilini akazange athole ngenxa ye-myopia. Bobabili abafowethu bafa, kwathi ngosuku olulodwa.
Into yokufunda
Izindaba zokuqala zivele kumagazini "Izibani". Ngonyaka ngaphambi kwenguquko, i-pouustovsky yaya eTaganrog. Edolobheni lase-Anton Chekhov laqala ukusebenza encwadini ethi "Romance". Ngo-1935 kuphela le noveli yabona ukukhanya. Kuqediwe ekuqaleni kwabangu-20s e-Odessa, lapho umlobi echitha khona izinyanga ezimbalwa, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho wabuyela eMoscow.
Enhloko-dolobha, uPaustovsky wazinza ukuze asebenze njengombhali. Kwakudingeka ukuba ngihambele imibuthano eyayiseminyakeni yangemva kokuguqulwa yinto ejwayelekile yeMoscow. Imibono yaleyo minyaka umlobi wayibonakalisa engxenyeni yesithathu ye- "Tale of Life". Lapha umbhali utshela ngokuningiliziwe ngosopolitiki nabavukeli abavelele, okubandakanya no-Alexander Kerensky. Isitatimende somlobi ngekhanda likahulumeni wesikhashana:
"Kwakuwumuntu ogulayo ohlushwa yi-dostoevshchina eyayikholelwa ekuqokwaneni kwakhe okuphezulu."I-Powesty lapho ingenzeki kuphela: E-Donbas naseSiberia, naseBaltic, naseCentral Asia. Umbhali wazama ubuchwepheshe obuningi. Isikhathi ngasinye sempilo yakhe yincwadi ehlukile. Ikakhulu iRech ethandwa kakhulu uhlobo lwesifunda saseVladimir. Wawathanda amahlathi ezithulu, namachibi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ashiywe nemigwaqo.
Uhlobo lwalezi zindawo umlobi wanikezelwa ezinyaweni ezinikezelwe ezindabeni ezithi "Côte Brew", "Ikhala likaBarlochy", "Blue Merin", "iqhwa". Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, uhlelo lokuphoqelelwa kwezingane zesikole lwangena imisebenzi emifushane ye-Powera. Phakathi kwazo, "undlunkulu ohlanekezelwe", "Hare Paws", "Izakhamizi zendlu yakudala". Izinganekwane zombhali weSoviet ezifundisayo, zinomusa. "Isinkwa Esifudumele" yindaba yokuthi izakhamuzi zomuzi zahlushwa kanjani ngokuqina komfana onobugovu.
Amabhasikidi we-FORM "anama-fir bumps" - - umculi waseNorway uGrieng nendodakazi kahlathi. Lesi yinganekwane enhle elungile yezingane. Ngo-1989, ikhathuni lakhiwa ngokuxoxa. Inani lemisebenzi engu-13 Paustovsky livikelwe.
Kuma-50s, udumo lwe-paustovsky esakazeka ngale kwemikhawulo ye-USSR. I-Tale nezindaba ezidluliselwa kuzo zonke izilimi zaseYurophu. UKonstantin Georgieving akazange abhale kuphela, kodwa futhi wafundisa. Esikhungweni semibhalo, umshushisi wahamba uthisha onekhono. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona ama-classics aseSoviet prose.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaStalin, umlobi wahambela amazwe ahlukahlukene. WayeseTurkey, nasePoland, ezweni lakubo okhokho. Ngivakashele iBulgaria, e-Italy, eSweden. IPaustovsky ithuthuke emvuzweni kaNobel, kepha umvuzo, njengoba wazi, wamukela umbhali we- "CEAT DON DON". Ngokwemithetho, eminyakeni engama-50 kuphela kamuva, isizathu sokwehluleka ukwembulwa. Ngo-2017, kwaziwa ukuthi: "Imizwa yeSoviet Preser Proser ayivezi ukushiyeka kwayo." Lo mbono wavezwa ngamalungu eKhomishini yaseSweden.
Umlandeli ozinikezele wobuqambi bePaustovsky waba nguMarlene Diethrich. Encwadini yezinkumbulo 'zokubonisana' wamnikela ngesahluko esihlukile. I-POOSTOS PROSE yomlingisi waseJalimane waseJalimane akhiqizwe ngemuva kokufunda "ama-telegraphs". Le ndaba yenza umbono oqinile ngo-Diedrich ukuthi kusukela lapho esewukhumbule lo msebenzi, negama lomlobi elingazange lizwe ngaphambili.
Ekupheleni kwama-50s, umlingisi weza eMoscow. Wabe esehlangana ngesikhathi sokuqala nasekugcineni nomlobi. I-Dietrich yanikeza ukudluliselwa kwinkumbulo yezithombe eziningana. Umuntu ukhombisa umlingisi we-paustic futhi odumile enkundleni yeNdlu Yabalobi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1915, uPouustovsky wahlangana nonkosikazi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. Igama le-Ekaterina Zagorskaya yakhe. Umshado wenzeka ehlobo ngonyaka olandelayo ngaphansi kweRyazan, esontweni elincane lasekhaya. Ngakho-ke ufise uCatherine. Kulezi zingxenye, izingane zendodana yomlobi uVadim, ovele ngo-1925 wadlula.
Ngonkosikazi wokuqala, uPountsky waphila iminyaka engama-20. Ngokusho kwezikhumbuzo zeNdodana, umshado uhlala uhlala isikhathi eside kuze kube yilapho konke kwakulalela umsebenzi weKonstantin Georgievich. Eminyakeni yama-30s, ukwamukelwa kwafika ePaustovsky. Ngaleso sikhathi, abashadikazi babekhathele omunye komunye, okuyindima enkulu eyayidlalwa yiminyaka yezinguquko ezinkulu.
Lapho i-Powesta inenoveli ene-valery navashina, uCatherine wathunyelwa ngesehlukaniso. Kamuva, abahlabeleli emibhalweni yabo babhekisela ekubhaleni komuntu unkosikazi wakudala wasePozaika, lapho kwakukhona amagama athi "angikwazi ukumthethelela ukuxhumana naleso sikhalo."
Umfazi wesibili uyindodakazi yePolish Painter ethandwa ngabangu-20s. UValeria Navashina waba ngumbhali womlobi. Wanikela ngemisebenzi eminingi ye-30s. Kodwa-ke, uPaustovsky uphefumulelwe ngobuhlakani nangomlingani wesithathu.
Umcimbi wokugcina onqumayo empilweni yomuntu siqu walenzelwa ngo-1948. I-Pouurovsky yahlangana noTatyana Watermelova. Ngaleso sikhathi washada nomugqa wokudlala othandwayo. U-Alexey Arbuzov unikezele ukudlala komkakhe "Tanya." Amandla ashade noTatiana ngo-1950. Kulo mshado, u-Alexey wazalwa, owayephila iminyaka engama-26 kuphela.
Ukushona
Amandla ahlushwa i-asthma. Naphezu kwalesi sifo, esanda ekugcineni kwempilo, imisebenzi esebenzayo yezenhlalo. Wenza ukuvikela ababhali be-OPON, akakaze ahlanganyele ekulimaleni "kokuphikisana."
Lapho esengumphakathi enganikezeli izandla zokugxekwa okudumile, owayephikisana noMdali we- "Dr. Zhivago" - le ncwadi, okuthi kuphela ama-bolds amaningi awafunga ngalezo zinsuku. Umlobi ushone ngemuva kolunye uhlangothi lwangaphakathi ngo-1968. Igama le-prose ligqoke iplanethi, livuleke ngasekupheleni kwama-70s.
I-Bibliography
- 1928 - "Imikhumbi Ekholweni"
- 1928 - "Shine Clouds"
- Ngo-1932 - "Kara-Bugaz"
- 1933 - "Isiphetho sikaCharles Lonsievil"
- 1933 - "Kolkhida"
- 1935 - "Romance"
- Ngo-1936 - "Ulwandle Olumnyama"
- Ngo-1937 - "U-Isaac Levitan"
- Ngo-1937 - "I-Orest Kiprensky"
- Ngo-1939 - "Taras Shevchenko"
- Ngo-1963 - "I-Tale of Life"