I-Biograge
I-FODOR Sologub - imbongi yaseRussia, prose, sakwaPhisti. Ngaphezu kwendlela yezinkolelo-imibhalo, wahlanganyela emisebenzini yokuhumusha futhi eholwa yimisebenzi yabahamba ngezinyawo. I-Biography iyisibonelo esicacile sophawu lwaseRussia. Kuze kube yizinsuku zamanje, iziteleka zokuqamba zivela ngokuvela kwalo kanye nokucabanga kwayo. Akukho ukuhunyushwa okunembile kwezithombe namaqhawe. Izinkondlo zijabulisa ukucabanga ngezisusa zakho eziyimfihlakalo. Bagcwele ngokoqobo nesizungu nokungaqondakali. Amanoveli aholela esimweni sokushaqeka nokuthwebula kusuka kumakhasi okuqala.
I-Fyodor Sologub yimbongi ye-pseudonym. Igama lokuzalwa - Ama-poperbants kaFedor Kuzmich. Ekuqaleni kwendlela yokudala, washicilelwa ngaphansi kwegama lakhe, futhi ngamanani amakhulu.
Izithombe zembongi onikezwe isibani zifuna igama elikhanyayo. Ngokubambisana nozakwabo, izibongo ezahlukahlukene zasungulwa yincwadi, inketho kaSologub yayibonakala kulolu hlu. Igama elinjalo lalingenye yezingane ezithandekayo. Ummeleli walolu hlobo kwakunguVladimir Sologub - Umlobi, Prosecra. Ukuze ungadideki, uFyodor wenza isinqumo sokususa uhlamvu olulodwa "L".
Ubuntwana nentsha
Usuku lokuzalwa - Mashi 1, 1863. Ukuzalwa kukamama kwakuseSt. Petersburg. Ubaba woMdali wesikhathi esizayo ungowokuzalwa kokujula kwePoltava. Lo mndeni wathandwa, uBaba wayengenabo mahhala futhi wayenguSerf. Okuwukuphela kwemali etholwa yibhizinisi lokuthunga. Abazali uSologuba bathi bafundile kakhulu abantu. Kwakukhona njalo izincwadi endlini. Ubaba wayeganwe ekwakhekeni kwezingane futhi wagxilisa kubo uthando lwezobuciko nezinkondlo. Yabelana ngolwazi lwakhe ngesiko lomhlaba nezincwadi nabo kanye nemvuthuluka.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili kwazalwa uFedor Sologuba, udade wazalwa, futhi ngaphandle kwaleyo mpilo enzima kwakubi kakhulu. Ngobuphofu obugcwele, ukufa komndeni womndeni kwajova ngo-1867. Umama uhlala wedwa nezingane ezimbili futhi ngaphandle kokusekelwa okuncane kakhulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Isilinganiso esiphoqiwe kwakuyithuluzi layo inceku elula yabantu abacebile.
Endlini nge-agapov yomndeni omuhle futhi wabamba ubuntwana bakhe umlobi omncane. Abakwa-Aristocrats ngomusa babona umfana baze basekelwa ngisho nasekulweni nezifundo zabo, abanikezwe amakhophi angavamile ezincwadi ezizofunda. Kuyo yonke impilo yokugcina esekupheleni komlobi, abantu bakwamanye amazwe bavame ukungenelela, okwasiza ngesikhathi esinzima ukubafuna.
Ubuntwana bomuntu wokudala abubizwa ngokuthi uthingo. Kwakukhona umehluko empilweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umhlaba wobuciko, isayensi nomculo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umoya wobuphofu, umsebenzi onzima kamama ekhishini elincibilikayo bese uwageza, ugcwele umusi. Kwesinye isikhathi wafinyelela ekwakheni, kuphela ukuhlinzeka izingane ukudla. Imvamisa, umama wahlukana nokuphelelwa yithemba. Kwakunamacala okushaya izifundazwe ezincane. Imbongi yakhumbula ngayo kusihlwa umama waphuma hhayi ngoMoya.
Kamuva nje, lapho umlobi eseyenzekile, abhala umsebenzi "induduzo". Lapho, ngaphandle kwezinduku, kuchazwa impilo kuleso sikhathi esidabukisayo. U-Fedor Sologub owabaza kakhulu uSologub wakhumbula le ngxenye ethile ye-biography yakhe. Kepha ukubuyisela isithombe esigcwele sempilo yobuntu bokudala, kuyadingeka nje.
Ubuqambi Bokubhala
Ngokokuqala ngqa ngizame enkonzweni kaSologub eminyakeni eyishumi nambili. Ngazama ukuchaza ubungqabavu bami ngesikhathi seJunior, lapho izimpumelelo zilethwa kuphela ngomsebenzi wazo.
Ngokuvamile esemncane kuphela, i-FODOR yaqiniseka ukuthi ikusasa - ukuba yimbongi eyaziwayo. Ngokuqinile uye kwelitshe, hhayi umzuzwana ongakhohlwa ngocingo. Ukuthumela isivivinyo esisodwa ngemuva kwesinye, ikusasa lalingathandeki.
Uma wehlisa iqiniso njengoba kwakuwumndeni ompofu, ungasho ukuhlukunyezwa kwembongi ye-novice. Ubuqambi benzeka edolobheni elinentubelo. Kwakunamathuba amancane okuba adume kunezithiyo. Wanikeza izinkondlo zokuqala encwadini kumamagazini ezifundazwe ngesilinganiso esiphansi kanye nenani elincane labafundi.
Ngo-1891 waba yinguquko ekufeni kombhali. Kulo nyaka, le nsizwa yangena enhlokodolobha futhi lapho wahlangana khona nasendleleni yakhe kaNikolai Maksimovich Minsk (wayengummeleli ngaleso sikhathi indlela entsha yokubhalwa okuyimfihlakalo). Inani lalo mhlangano alikwazi ukweqiwa. Naphezu kwengxoxo emfushane, uSologub wesokunxele ukuze afunde izinkondlo zakuqala.
Omunye umcimbi obalulekile walowo nyaka kwakungumsuka womagazini "Northern Vestnik", ngaphezulu kwe-Nikolai Minsk, uZinaida Hippius nezinye izibalo ezidumile emibuthanweni emibhalo esebenza. Ngaleso sikhashana, babezibandakanye lapho befuna umsebenzi weManifesto Minsk, "ngokukhanya kukanembeza ...".
Kwakufanelekile njengoba kungabi buqambe ngokwengeziwe ngumlobi osemusha. Imisebenzi kaSologub yasiza ekwakhiweni kwalo magazini, futhi ngenxa yenkondlo yaba ukuqala kokuqashelwa kokudala. Okulandelayo, sibona izinsuku ezibalulekile ekufezeni umlobi, izindaba zazo ezikwazi ukuphazamisa izingqondo zesizukulwane esisodwa:
Ngo-1892, imbongi yayithuthela eSt. Kweqe phakathi inyunyana ye-Creative of esifanekisweni yalesosikhathi ngesifiso esingenakunqotshwa sobuciko.
Ngo-1902 - Umbhali uqeda umsebenzi enoveli edumile "i-Dev encane." Ukulandisa komsebenzi kungena esimweni sokushaqeka, njengoba kukhulunywa ngemicabango nemizwa yothisha weSadist. Ngenxa yalesi sihloko, izincwadi ezaziwayo zenqaba ukushicilela.
Ngo-1905 - Ngokokuqala ngqa, enye iphephabhuku lithatha ukushicilelwa kwenoveli. Kepha ngenxa yokuvalwa kwalo magazini, lezi zihloko zaphazamiseka futhi azifinyelelanga umfundi ngokugcwele.
Ngo-1907 - "Idemoni elincane" liphuma ngefomethi ephelele. Kusukela ngalowomzuzu kuqhubeke, lo msebenzi waba yizothando olufundayo kakhulu ezincwadini zaseRussia.
Ngo-1908 - Uqeda umsebenzi wothisha kanye nemishado.
Ngo-1913 - Ngokubambisana nomkakhe, baya kuhambo lwezifundazwe zaseRussia. Lokhu kunikeza amandla ekuphambukeni kwethonya.
Ngo-1918 - Uba nguSihlalo weNyunyana yezincwadi zobuciko.
Umsebenzi weFyodor Sologuba, prosaika kanye nembongi kumuntu oyedwa, ngokungenamkhawulo nokwakheka. Noma, ngokusho kwabagxeki, ubuqambi bahlobene nophawu, inani elikhulu lemisebenzi ebhaliwe ayihambelani nohlaka lwale ncazelo.
Ekuqaleni kwendlela yokudala, wayenezinkondlo futhi wathola ukuqashelwa kulolu daba. Kamuva, ukufunda esikhungweni, uzama ukudala imisebenzi yezemibhalo, kodwa kuvame ukuza odongeni lokungaqondi nokungamukeleki.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Washada no-Anastasia Chebotarev, umlingani osemusha naye wayenamandla okudala. Umsebenzi oyinhloko kwakuyi-writhe, etholwa ngokuhumusha. Umshado ujabule ngenjabulo iminyaka engu-19, kwaze kwaba yilanga ngolunye usuku ukugula kwakhe kwengqondo kwakhula. Wazibulala. Isidumbu satholakala ngemuva kwezinyanga.
Ukufa kothandekayo wakhe kunikelwe enkondlweni. Kuvame ukugcizelela ubudlova nokuthula okunokuthula. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi igcwele usizi nokuphelelwa yithemba.
Kwakungekho zingane emshadweni, futhi njengoba uSolomobe zaba ngumolohoMBombis, waphila impilo yakhe yonke yedwa, njengomuntu omncane ezweni elikhulu.
Ukushona
Ngobusuku benguquko, umlobi uthuthukisa owakhe umagazini. Izinkulumo zibanjelwe ngempumelelo emadolobheni aseJalimane naseFrance. Ukushintsha ezweni, wayengakulungele futhi akazange athathe amandla amasha. Wayenemizamo yokufudumala, kepha engaphumelelanga.
Ngo-1927, umbhali uqala ngenkuthalo ukusebenzela inoveli entsha, ukuwa ngokungazelelwe futhi kungazelelwe kufa - umcimbi wenzeka ePetrograd. Isidumbu sakhashelwa umhlaba, ukungcwatshwa kwenzeke emathuneni amaSmolensk, eceleni komkayo.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1895 - "Amaphupho anamandla"
- 1905 - "Idemoni Elincane"
- Ngo-1907-1914 - "Inganekwane ye-Custom
- Ngo-1912 - "Ukujuluka Kobuthi"
- 1921 - "Ikilasi Lezinyoka", "Izwi"
- 1922 - "Epoch"