I-Biograge
Owesifazane ohlakaniphile nonenhloso owakhuphuka imicu yenxenye yezindawo zasendulo eYurophu, ummeleli we-bancake we-medici, isihlobo kanye nesimanje salowo odumile we-ekaterina medici. Unkosikazi wenkosi yaseFrance Heinrich IV Bourbon Navarre, Umama noRegent Louis XIII, uPatronepress kanye noMnikeli uKhadinali Riselieu, ugogo wamaKhosi esiNgisi namaSpain - konke lokhu kunguMary Medici.Ubuntwana nentsha
Indlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa ngo-Ephreli 26, 1575 eFlorence. Ubaba - Isikhulu esikhulu uTuscan Francesco kuqala. Umama - uJohn, uDuchess Austrian, ovela endlini kaHabsburg. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, uMariya, umntwana wesithupha emndenini, wayephila ezine; Mfowethu nodadewethu abathathu. Umama ushonile ngesikhathi uMariya eneminyaka emihlanu kuphela ubudala. Izilimi ezimbi ezisolwa ubuthi.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, umfelokazi washada nenkosikazi kaBiankeLello ende kaBiankeLello, abantu ababiza umthakathi. UPadderitsa akazange akhuthazelele umama wokutholwa. Lapho uMariya eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, uMfoweth 'uFiliphu nomdala udadewabo u-Ana. Udadewabo ka-Eleanori wakho wakhonza empahleni yakhe entsha, ephuma eshada noDuke waseMantuanky. Ngo-1587, ngo-47, uBaba washona. Igama elithi "arsenic" lizwakala ePeres.
Izinganekwane ezinothile e-biography yaseMedici zitshela ukuthi kathathu egumbini lakhe ePalazzo Pitti Hit Little. Isigodlo ngokwakhe sathuthumela ngokuzamazama komhlaba - umcimbi ongavamile eTuscany. Ngesikhathi sohambo oluya ePisa, intombazane icishe yadonsa.
Eminyakeni engu-12 ubudala, intombazane enesizungu izungezwe abantu bakwabanye abantu. Umngani omkhulu wama-aristocrat oyedwa we-aristocrats uba yiLeonor Dori Galigai, okhulile uMaria iminyaka emihlanu. I-Aristocracy yosencane ithola imfundo yendabuko yeNkathi Ephakathi. Funda i-Game Guitar ne-lute, unentshisekelo kwisayensi yemvelo.
Umakoti obizayo uhleli emantombazaneni isikhathi eside - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo kamalume ukuhlela ikusasa lakhe ngenzuzo ephezulu ye-medici clan. Wenqaba kabili izikhwebu, kufanele, kodwa hhayi amakhosi. Isizathu sokwehluleka kwakuwukubikezela ukudluliswa, iNun evela kuSiena. UMariya umiselwe ukuba yindlovukazi, ngakho-ke isibusiso nokubalwa akuyena kuye.
I-Queen France
Kusuka ku-1572, inkosi yaseFrance ishada neRarren Margarita Vaua, kepha ayisondele ngakho. UHeinrich uthandana noGabriel D'Estra, nokho, engamvimbi ukuthi aqale ama-bastards avela emibilweni eminingi. Isehlukaniso ngalezo zikhathi ngisho nomndeni ocebile futhi omuhle futhi ebizayo, kepha ku-1599 HENRICH IV uthola kusuka kupapa we-Roman Clement VIII emshadweni omusha.
Ukufa okungazelelwe uGabriel D'Estare kudonsela ukunaka kwenkosi esihlotsheni saseFerdinand Medici, uMbusi Omkhulu waseTuscan. IFrance ikweleta inani elikhulu le-Medici Bankler House, uHeinrich udinga imali yempi, alwe nokuphikiswa. UFerdinand nginikezela ngoMaria umgadli omkhulu kakhulu, lowo umakoti owalethwa ngumkhwenyana wakhe wamakhosi aseFrance - cishe wawumboza ngokuphelele izikweletu.
Ngo-Okthoba 1600, umshado we-proxy wenzeka ePitti Palace. Indima yomkhwenyana olahlekile yenziwa nguMalume Masiko, yenze isiko likaKhadinali Pietro Aldobradini. Phakathi kwezivakashi emcimbini kwakuhanjelwe amaRubens amancane, ngokulandelayo abhala umjikelezo wemidwebo, ekhombisa imicimbi ebalulekile kwi-biography kaMariya.
Umakoti uthunga eFrance, wabe esesuka eMarseille eLyon, lapho imikhosi emshadweni wasebukhosini yaqala ngokushesha ngokufika kwakhe. NgoSepthemba 27, 1601, indlovukazi esencane yabeletha indodana yendodana yakhe, indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi saseFrance. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkosikazi kaHenry, u-Anrietta D'Atth, nayo yabeletha iNdodana indodana. Impilo yenkantolo igcwele ukuncintisana, ukukhathazeka kanye nomzabalazo wamandla nethonya.
UMaria unomona ngowashada naye engqondweni nasezindebeni zama-bastards. Izungezwe yi- "Italian Click", umyeni kaLeonora ayiphethwe yindoda yaseLeonora, uKonchini Konchini. E-1610 HENICH uvame ukugula, uneminyaka engama-57, inkosi imnyama futhi yesaba ukufa kusenesikhathi. Ukuya empini namaProthestani emazweni aseJalimane, kunquma ukuthwesa umqhele womshado. Inkosi imemezela intando yakhe: Endabeni yokufa kwakhe, iNdlovukazi izohlala iyinhlangano ephethe uLouis oneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye.
NgoMeyi 13, 1610 eSaint-Denis, uMaria akhulisiwe. Ukukhathazeka kukaHenry ngezifo ezingaba khona nezingozi zomkhankaso wamasosha kuphenduke ukuba kube yize. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva komkhosi, ngoMeyi 14, 1610, inkosi ibulawa yi-Dagger Ravaliac. Ukusolwa ngokuhambisana nalokho, owawa ezintandokazini zeNdlovukazi, akazange abonakaliswe noma aphindiwe.
Iminyaka emine yeRegency Maria isekele i-Clerkal ne-Spanish Party. Ama-Allies asemqoka ezinkantolo ayengamanxusa eSpain naseRoma. Ngenxa yenkonzo ethembekile yendlovukazi - umama omncane wandiswa kwathi ngo-1614 wabizwa ngokuthi yiMarquis D'Ankr.
Ngisho nalapho uLouis XIII avuthwa, iqembu likanina lagcina ithonya enkantolo, futhi uMaria wabusa umkhandlu. Ngo-1617, inkosi encane yachitha ukuphela ngezandla zeGolden de Luin yakhe. ULeonora Galigai wasolwa ngobuthakathi futhi wathunyelwa kulokho kwawa. Umama weNdlovukazi wadingiselwa eBlois. NgoFebhuwari 1619, uMaria Benhal e-Angouleme wakhuphuka nendodana yakhe. Ngo-1621, umkhandlu wombuso waphinde wabhekelwa.
Ukuze aqinise amandla, wasiza umeluleki wakhe uRicelieu ukuthola isigqoko sekhadinali futhi athathe isikhundla sikaNdunankulu waseFrance. UCardinal waba ngumuntu onamandla ngokulinganayo kune-medici, futhi wacindezela ngokushesha umhlomuli ovela kubahlinzeki bakahulumeni. UNgqongqoshe wayeqonda ukuthi umncintiswano ophambili weFrance emhlabeni we-World Arena yiSpain Habsburgs. Ngokubambisana nombhalo we-pro-siscript, indlovukazi yawela e-Opal.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Iminyaka eyishumi yokuphila noHeinrich, uMaria waba ngunina wezingane eziyisithupha, ezinhlanu zazo zavuka ngokuphepha.
- 1601 - Louis. Inkosi yesikhathi esizayo yeFrance Louis XIII.
- 1602 - Isabella. Kamuva, umfazi kaFiliphu IV Habsburg, inkosi yaseSpain nasePortugal.
- 1606 - UChristina Maria. Ngashada noViktor Amadeya Mina, uMbusi wase-Oavorovsky, ogqoke e-soonorous, kepha isihloko esingenamsebenzi seNkosi iCyprus neJerusalema.
- 1607 - UNicolas, ushone ngo-1611.
- 1608 - UGaston, uDuke Orleans no-Anjui, Charther neBlois Graf.
- 1609 - UHenrietta Maria. Ngaba ngomfazi Karl mina Stewart, inkosi yaseNgilandi, eScotland Ireland, kamuva - Umama kaCharles II futhi Yakov II.
UMaria ukhetha ukuzijabulisa okulula: ukudubula okuzungeze amakhona, izigcawu zabantu, inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi. Ubambe amakhadi ezwe, edlala amakhadi. Uchithe imali eningi yamadayimane. Ukuhlobisa isigodlo se-Luxembourg, indawo yokuhlala ethandekayo, wayala uPeter Paul Rubens ukubhala izindwangu ezinkulu ezingama-22.
Ukushona
NgoJulayi 1631, wesaba ukuzama impilo, uMaria Medici wabalekela eParis eBrussels. Onke amadayimane asele eFrance. Ngo-1638, babalekela ukushushiswa kukaNgqongqoshe, bathuthela eNgilandi ngaleso sikhathi e-Amsterdam. Julayi 3, 1642 Wafa endlini yamaRubens eCologne. Umculi ocebile nodumo wawuthatha umkhawulo wakhe, kepha umhlangano wawujwayele ukushiya inqwaba yamarisidi wesikweletu ngemuva kwakhe.
Abalaleli bakaMariya Madici bakhuluma ngothando lwakhe ngeparrot, agcina naye kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe futhi wafundisa isilwane u-Arman du Pleb Richelieu. Kodwa-ke, uKhadinali wasinda kuye izinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela, iNdodana ingunyaka. Isidumbu sesikhathi eside sinemikhosi yonke evela eCologne, ukuze singcwabe ngenhlonipho efanelekile eSaint-Denis. ULouis XIII washona ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili ngemuva kothuli lwendlovukazi-umama wagxila ezweni elingcwelisiwe.
Ukukhumbula
- 1615-1631 - I-Luxembourg Palace
- 1616 - Izifundo La Reine Park
- 1622-1625 - Medici Gallery eLouvre
- 1980 - Ifilimu "Cheship Mary Medici"
- 2016 - Uchungechunge oluthi "Medici: Amakhosi KaFlorence"