I-Biograge
UHerbert George Wells - umlobi wesiNgisi kanye nohulumeni bakathi, umcwaningi, udokotela wesayensi yemvelo, usopolitiki kanye nokuxhaswa kwezimo zenhlalo nezesayensi. Ummeleli wezindlela nombono weMarxism obizwa ngokuthi yiqiniso elibucayi. Isikhathi eside, umsekeli wokugeleza komnotho nomnotho - uFabianism. UProser, umbhali wamanoveli ancamela ukushicilela izincwadi zesayensi nezimangalisayo. Kuthunyelwe ngumsebenzi odumile we- "War of The Worlds".Ubuntwana nentsha
Uzalelwe e-UK, eLondon District Bromley, ekwindla - Septhemba 21, 1866. Abazali bakaHerbert Wells nabo babethakazelisa abantu, uBaba Joseph Wells unesitolo futhi wabandakanyeka ekuthengiseni imikhiqizo, izibalo nezinto ezivela e-porcelain, ngaleso sikhathi lapho kuthengiswa khona. Umama ungumgcini wendlu engxenyeni yabanikazi eqinile.
Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yomndeni, umthombo oyinhloko weholo kwakuyikhilikithi. Uyise waziphatha kahle, ngakho waguqula indlela yokuzilibazisa yaba imali etholwayo. Amakhono ochwepheshe ekukhaleni kanye nesifiso sikababa ahluliwe asebenze kuwo wonke umndeni.
Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili, kwaphenduka ithuba empilweni yomfana, nangokoqobo, nangomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Lapho, ngokunganaki, waphula umlenze wakhe, odokotela bambeka umbuso wokulala. Ngaba nesikhathi esiningi sokungaphumi egumbini, izincwadi kuphela ezisindiswe isithukuthezi. Ngakho-ke, wayenesifiso esikhulu ngesitayela sesayensi nesimnandi sokubhala izincwadi nezincwadi.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, waba ngumfundi uMnu Thomas Morley's Commerce Cammente. UHerbert George Wells bekufanele afundele kumthengisi, nokho, ngengozi embi kakhulu, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokudlela emkhayeni ephule ithanga. Ngekhilikithi, kwaqedwa, ubaba wayenzima kakhulu ukululama ngemuva kwalesi sifo futhi ekuqaleni ngisho nokuqhubekeladwa.
Kusukela eminyakeni engu-13, umfana waqala impilo ezimele, waqala ukuziphilisa. Isifiso sokukhohlisa sokuthuthuka, ukuba ngcono, ukwazi okwengeziwe, ukwazi nokuzikhandla kuye kwamholela embundwini wasekolishi ovela eyunivesithi edolobheni laseLondon. Kakade ngo-1888, eneminyaka engama-22, umfana wathola idiploma yemfundo.
Into yokufunda
Le nsizwa yaheha izincwadi nezincwadi, ngakho-ke indlela yakhe yokuphila yaphenduka yahluka kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, wafunda amakhono okuhweba, wabe esesebenza esokhemeni lasekhemisi, wafundisa ezikoleni nasezikoleni ezahlukene. Ukuqashelwa okutholwe ku-Zoologogist odumile, umvikeli wamalungelo ezilwane kanye nemvelo, njengoba ayengumsizi wakhe "nesandla sokudla." UHerbert George Wells wayeyindoda eguquguqukayo, ehamba kakhulu futhi nemithwalo yakhe yolwazi yayigcwele njalo.
Izincwadi zale ndoda zazithandwa kakhulu futhi ziyajabulisa lokho, ngokwezicelo eziningi nezincomo, kwahunyushelwa ezilimini eziyi-17.
"Umshini wesikhathi" uthathwa njengenoveli yokuqala emsebenzini wombhali. Umsebenzi ubhalwe ngo-1895. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwakuyimfashini ukufunda inganekwane, ngakho-ke incwadi ethi Umsunguli ivela ukuba ibe ngokuzayo, njengoba amhola nalokho ayekucabanga, ayekucabanga, ayethandwa ngabafundi bazo zonke izigaba zeminyaka yonke.
Ukufanele kwabe yilokho ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile wakhethwa nguMongameli weqembu elingewona ezepolitiki ekuvikeleni ngosizo nokusizwa kokubambisana kubabhali nezimbongi. Ibumbaneni nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo, abafowethu "ngokwezwi elithi", ukuvezwa kwemibono yabo nangembono yabo kuboniswe kuye, lapho kuqhubeka khona indlela yokuqhubeka.
Ngemuva kwamahlombe kwakuyiminyaka engu-6 yokuzijwayeza emphakathini wabaFavoria. Ngemuva kwalokho, umthombo weholo lakhe kanye nomsebenzi oyinhloko ukufundwa kwezinkulumo namasemina. Kusukela ngo-1903, inhloso enkulu yemithombo sekuyinto enhle yokukhanyiselwa kwabantu ngendlela yezepolitiki, isayensi kanye nobuciko, ukuncipha kuyadingeka, akukho ukuqina.
Kusukela ngo-1890 kwaqala ukuba nentshisekelo kobuntatheli kanye nokushicilela ibhizinisi. Ubuqambi bekuyisikhathi esibalulekile sempilo, namhlanje sikhuluma i-biography.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-prozaika inendawo ebalulekile yokushicilela eyedlule, ngoba akuwona wonke umuntu okwazile ukubhala cishe izindaba ezingama-40 nezindaba ngamavolomu angama-30 ngalezo zinsuku, ama-Essays kanye nama-Essays. Isebenza esimweni sezepolitiki, mayelana nesikhundla somnotho, social, njll. zazithandwa. Izincwadi zezingane, kanye ne-autobiography, ziphakathi kwendalo edumile.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi, lesi sibonelo sathathwa kuye, kwasungulwa izihloko, ezazithintekile ngabo ngaphambili, zibhalwe izitayela zalo lonke kanye nawo wonke ama-nuances abomthetho. Bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo ukuthi ngaphambi kwama-hypotheses ka-Einstein nabanye abacwaningi kule ndawo kaHerbert, wenza impumelelo enkulu yesayensi.
Esebenzisa ulwazi namathuba akhe, usosayensi wathola ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi ngezincwadi zemibhalo. Kumayelana neqiniso lokuthi umbuzo ophikisanayo kakhulu mayelana nesikhala esinezici ezine waphakanyiswa nguye endalweni eshiwo ngaphambili "imishini yesikhathi".
I-Wells Junior yayinokubukeka kwezenhlalo, futhi yize yayisebenzisa ama-marxism ngandlela thile, kubhekiselwe kulokhu kugeleza ngaphandle kokungaziphathi kahle. Uveze umbono wombono ngalolu daba kungekudala komunye wemisebenzi yakhe, lapho kwathiwa yiluphi uhlelo lwakhe olusha lokuhlela izenzo emphakathini nakwiqembu.
Le ndoda yakhetha kahle indlela ezungezile, ejwayelene noWinston Churchill, bese omunye usopolitiki ongaziwa washintsha ukuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi eyengeziwe. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi imibuzo yaqala ukuvela emphakathini wayo ngenxa yokusekelwa okungazelelwe kweChurchill kanye nomkhankaso wakhe wezepolitiki esikhathini esinzima kangako sokuba uFalwazi.
OwesiNgisi wayethathwa njenge-pacifist ngempela, nodlame, ngokomzimba nangokuziphatha, lwabangela ukunyanyeka kwakhe okuphelele. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokubukwa okunjalo kwempilo, akazange ame ngendlela yempi yaseBrithani futhi wasiza.
Ngemuva kwenguquko, umlobi weza eRussia, waba yisimenywa endlini kaGorky wahlangana nomholi wabantu - v.i. Lenin. Ngemuva kwalokho kwabhalwa umsebenzi ka-1920 - "Russia eMglo".
Ngo-1898, kwakukhona umsebenzi ekuchazeni ubutha besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje, amagesi ayingozi, imishini nemithombo ye-quantum. Kumemezele ukuthi "impi emoyeni" kanye ne- "athomic ibhomu" yayiphakathi kwalabo abathola kakhulu ukuqashelwa okuvela kubafundi.
Wamangala abasekeli bakhe enye indaba ebizwa ngokuthi "umbuso weMuravyev", ebhalwe ngo-1905. Kuchazwe uhlelo lokuyazisehla ngenkambiso nempucuko yezintuthwane njengezinambuzane ezihlakaniphile.
Njengoba imithombo kaHerbert George yathunyelwa emkhakheni wesayensi, wasebenzisa isigama se-physics njengomqondo oyinhloko womsebenzi. Esigabeni, lapho kuthinteka khona imihlaba ehambisanayo, izindaba nezincwadi nezincwadi eziningi zazifakiwe. Izincwadi eziphumelelayo - "Indoda Engabonakali" ne "Accelerator New".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umlobi oshadile akazange athole ukuthula noshade naye wokuqala - ngo-1891 - uMariya Wells, noma u-Amy Catherine - 1895, owashona efulawa ebabazekayo ngemuva kokuxilongwa okumisiwe "komdlavuza".
Kamuva, inhliziyo yoMphakathi yanqoba enye intombazane - uMaria Ignatievna Budberg. Naphezu kwezicelo eziningi nokukholisa, lona wesifazane wakubunaka umnikelo we-Herbert ngaphambi kokuba afe. Emshadweni wesibili, umlobi wayenamadodana amabili, indlalifa kaFiliphu noRichard.
Ukufa kwezindonga jikelele ngo-Agasti 13, 1946 endlini yakhe eHannover - amathala.
Ukukhumbula
Ngenxa yezizathu ze-prose, amafilimu angaphezu kweshumi eLondon futhi ngisho ne-cinematography yaseRussia yahlungwa. Kusukela ngo-1919 kuya ku-2010, amafilimu aqhubeka nokuhlungwa, lapho isisekelo sesimo sasiyimisebenzi yeHerbert Wells. Ukhale lesi sibonelo kwakungu-1977. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwaphuma izimoto ezingama-2 amafilimu. Into ethandwa kakhulu yabizwa ngokuthi "iziqhingi zaseDkt Moro" Director-Director Mora Taylor.
Ngo-1976 nango-1989, ama-screenwomen aveze ama-premieres amafilimu amabili anobuhlakani "ukudla konkulunkulu".
Kulolu hlu ojoyine:
- Ngo-1919 - "Abantu bokuqala enyangeni", umqondisi wakhuluma nguB. Gordon
- Ngo-1932 - "Isiqhingi se-Lost Souls", iqembu lomqondisi liholele ngu-Erl Kanton
- Ngo-1933 - "Indoda engabonakali", umqondisi noJames Waylov
- Ngo-1936 - "Ukubonakala kokuza", umqondisi kaWilliam Cameron Menzis
- 1953 - "Impi Yomhlaba", Umsebenzi weBynana Haphina
- 1960 - "Umshini wesikhathi", umsebenzi kaGeorge Pala
- Ngo-1964 - "Abantu bokuqala enyangeni", umsebenzi kaNathan Wyray
- 2010 - "Abantu bokuqala enyangeni", umsebenzi kaMark Geitis