I-Biograge
I-Landau Landau (yabangani engivele ngiyidle) - i-brilliant soviet physistist theoretics, umklomelo weNobel Prize Winner, uphakathi kobuntu obuvelele bekhulu lama-20. Wayenesithakazelo kukho konke - kusukela esakhiweni se-athomu nucleus ngaphambi kwemfundo yezingane. I-Landau ishiywe izimpumelelo eziningi - lokhu kusebenza ama-sciel-Volul-Science Sciences ku-physics, kanye namakhulu ama-abul aphorisms, kanye nomqondo odumile wenjabulo. Ugxeke uhlelo lweSoviet ngokuntuleka kwenkululeko futhi ngasikhathi sinye kwalungisa isihlangu sokuvikela sombuso.Ubuntwana nentsha
ULev Damovich Landau wazalwa ngoJanuwari 22, 1908 eBaku, ubuntwana bakhe wawubanjelwe lapha. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, leli dolobha lalithuthuka ngokushesha, lalima-oyela eliminyene futhi liphinde lasebenza kabusha, inhloko-dolobha yayitshala inzalo kaNobel noRothschild. Phakathi kwabanye abafuduki bezabasebenzi basuswa eMogilev nabazali be-physics yesikhathi esizayo.
UDavid Lvovich Landau wabamba isikhundla sika-Oilman enkampanini yasolwandle yaseCaspian-Black wasolwandle futhi wafaka umsebenzi wesayensi futhi wasebenzisa umsebenzi ngokukhethekile, enyatheliswa kumaphephabhuku wesayensi.
Uthando lwe-veniaminovna Garkavi-Landau (nee bluum-cyrrh Garkavi) iziqu ezivela e-Female Medical Institute eSt. Petersburg. Naphezu komshado nokuzalwa kwezingane (ibhubesi lalinade nodadewethu osemdala uSofya), wasebenza njengodokotela, wafundisa futhi wafunda nemithi yomphakathi, wenza imisebenzi yomphakathi.
Ngakho-ke, abazali babengamaJuda ngobuzwe, ngakho-ke, ngesona lesi-8, iNdodana yahlonzwa kwi-Gymnasium yamaJuda, lapho umama eholwa yisayensi yemvelo. EBaku, idolobhana elilwa namaSemite le-Russia langaphambi koshintsho laliyisikhungo semfundo esinjalo. Isitifiketi sokuvuthwa kwesipho umfana sitholwe eminyakeni eyi-12, ngemuva kwayo iminyaka emi-2 enikezelwe ukutadisha esikoleni sezobuchwepheshe zeBaku ezomnotho.
Eminyakeni engu-14 ubudala, osemusha akazange abe nesikhathi sokunquma ngokuzikhethela phakathi kwezibalo namakhemikhali, ngakho-ke wangena emandleni emibili enyuvesi ngokushesha. Kule minyaka, impi yayiseCaucasus. Kodwa-ke, izimpi kanye nokubulawa kwabantu emigwaqweni akuzange kuphazamise uLandau.
Ngo-1924, umfundi wakhetha i-physics yempilo yakhe futhi wahunyushelwa e-University of Leningrad. ELeningrad, le nsizwa yayihlala ku-anti wayo uMariya uLvovna Braud. Kamuva, abazali besosayensi bathuthela lapho kamuva.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Emnyakeni yokuqala, uLandau wayekholelwa ukuthi lo sosayensi akufanele abheme, aphuze futhi ashade. Kodwa-ke, ukuqiniseka esigabeni sokugcina seKharkivChanka yeConcordia Terentievna Drombansev, owayehlala ne-Academian ekufeni kwakhe uqobo. Abalingani bahlala ndawonye kusukela ngo-1934, kwathi ngaphambi kokuzalwa kweNdodana, babhalisa umshado osemthethweni. U-Igor Lvovich Landau (1946-2011) wangena ezinyathelweni zikaBaba - usebenze emkhakheni wamazinga okushisa aphansi.Impilo yomuntu siqu yobuhlakani yahlukaniswa yaba yingxenye engokoqobo nethiyori. UWandou ubheke umshado weNyunyana, engahlobene ngqo nothando. Ukuze ukhiphe amanga nomhawu empilweni yomndeni, uDau noCora Drogan'tseva bangena kwinkontileka yomshado oyingqayizivele - "isivumelwano sokungakhulumi kwempilo yomshado." Inkontileka yasho ubudlelwane obukhululekile babalingani futhi asizangenqabelanga ocansini ohlangothini.
Eminyakeni engu-12 ngemuva kokwazi namagxolo empilweni kasosayensi, kuqale ukuvela emibi, ngalokho atshela umkakhe ngokweqiniso. Umlingani, ubudlelwane obunjalo nothandekayo banikezwa ngobunzima. Ngokusho kwamagxolo, yena uqobo wazama ukuqala ukucasuka ohlangothini, kodwa akakwazanga.
Kubhekwa ukuthi kunamanoveli amahlanu aqhakazile empilweni kaLandau. Noma kunjalo, okuwukuphela komuntu wesifazane owayene-LVOM Davich kwakusekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, kwaba yigxolo leDrombanterV. Ubudlelwano bendoda nomyeni wakhe kamuva bazinikele kwifilimu elibhalwe phansi "ngaphezu kothando."
I-amateur yokulinganisa nokubala nokubala, i-physisist kanye nabantu basebenzise indlela efanayo. Wahlukanisa amantombazane nososayensi bangenela ngokuya ngezigaba zakhe. Isibonelo, ingxenye ekhangayo yobulili obuhlukile, wahlukanisa ngobuhle, muhle futhi uyathakazelisa. Okunye okwakuhlelwa ezifundweni "ekusola abazali" kanye "nokuphindaphindeka."
ULev Danovich waletha ifomula yenjabulo yenjabulo, ehlanganisa okuguquguqukayo okuyisisekelo emithathu - umsebenzi, uthando nokuxhumana.
Amahlaya acinisekelo we-academian meme evukile "atshela uLandau." Ezinye izingcaphuno ezinkulumweni zakhe "zangena kubantu" futhi kwaphenduka ama-aphorisms. Isibonelo, imibono yakhe ekukhuliseni kafushane le nkulumo:
"Uma unganikeli ingane enganeni nakusasa kuze kube sebusuku, okuthile okungabaza kuye, uyohlala edabukile futhi egcwele impilo."Isayensi
Kakadelwe eminyakeni engu-19 ubudala, i-Landau ngaphansi kobuholi baka-Abraha Fedorovohich Ioffe yabeka izisekelo ze-Quantum Mechanics theory. I-physics encane yathunyelwa eYurophu ukuqhubeka nemfundo yayo. I-DREDruproof ikhokhele kuphela isigamu sonyaka wokuhamba, yonke imali yanikeza isisekelo se-rockefeller sesincomo somuntu siqu se-niels Bora. Esithombeni esivela ezingqungqutheleni zesayensi zalezo zikhathi, ungabona ukukhula okuphezulu kwensizwa enensundu ye-brown kanye namehlo avuthayo, lokhu uDau.
NoBorok, uthisha wakhe okuwukuphela kwakhe (ngokusho kukaDau uqobo), umfana wasebenza eCopenhagen. , U-Albert Einstein, uMax Geisenberg, uWerner Geisenberg, uPeter Kapitsa - Bonke laba bantu ababhalisa amagama abo ezincwadini ze-physics, baphila futhi basebenza ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kokuhlola ososayensi baseYurophu endaweni yemvelo, basebenza nozakwethu abasebancane, uLandau ubuyiselwe eLeningrad.
Isikhungo se-physico-technical sisondela izinkanyezi ezimbili zamanani omhlaba, futhi i-dow ngo-1932 ishiya "enkulisa ye-Ioffe" futhi iya enhlokodolobha yeSoviet Ukraine - Kharkov. Lapho, uTatau wabeka izisekelo zokuqeqeshwa kwethiyori kwama-physisists ngasikhathi sinye ezikhungweni ezintathu. Usosayensi obizwa ngokuthi wabiza i-physist yokugcina - yonke indawo.
Uhlobo lomsebenzi wakhe lwandisiwe wonke ama-physics we-theoretical, kusuka ku-hydrodynamics ku-quantum field theory. Ngemuva kokuxoshwa ekuqaleni kuka-1937, usosayensi waya eMoscow ukuhola uMnyango Wezemibuko we-Theor Institute of the Global.
I-Landau iphethwe ukuthi ingabi yicala elithi "icala le-UFTI", lapho ozakwabo baboshwe ngalo badutshulwe. Kepha izandla ze-NKVD zafinyelela kubasebenzi be-IFP. Ngo-1938, uWatau wawuphenywa ngokuyaluza anti-soviet. Izimpikiswano zakhe mayelana ne-fascism e-USSR zabonwa yiziphathimandla ezinekhono njengengcingo yokuhlehlisa isakhiwo sokosamocaso ezweni.
Noma kunjalo, ukuboshwa kwenzeka ngenxa yePhysics ngokungazelelwe. Kwathathwa ebusuku, kugula kakhulu, kunamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho wakhumbula ososayensi, wayengeke ame ejele isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kodwa akazange akhulume ngokuhlukunyezwa. ULev Danovich wadedelwa ngenxa yesicelo se-niels bora kanye nomyalo weKapitsa. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe- "AGITATOR" ngo-1990 kuphela.
Ngemuva kokukhululwa kweLandau nekhanda lakhe kwafakwa emsebenzini wesayensi. Uhlanganyele emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kufaka phakathi amandla amakhulu kanye nokukhuluphala. Le ndoda ibuye yabamba iqhaza eProjethi yeSoviet Atomic, ifunda umnyombo we-athomu nezinhlobo zemisebe enemisebe. Wafundela isikhala, i-plasma kanye nokuphendula kwamakhemikhali ngokuya nge-physics yezinhlayiya ezithile eziyisisekelo.
ULandau waqoqa abafundi abanethalente elimzungezile, phakathi kwabo u-Alexander Compasteel, u-Evgeny Lifesshits, u-Alexey Apricos, ibhubesi igalongo nabanye bavela. Izigceme zikaLeo Damovich zimbize ngokuthi izingane, futhi abafundi babo bangabazukulu. Isifundo se-Acadomian sikhona njengendinganiso ethile yokuqeqesha abafundi. Abafundi bakhe baphoqelekile ukuba baphendule izivivinyo eziyisishiyagalolunye ngokubumbana kwethiyori.
Isifinyezo esifushane salo msebenzi sabhalwa ngokubhalwa kwabambisana no-Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifebhuka incwadi ye-theoretical physics. Amavolumu okugcina encwadi anezelwa ukuletha abafundi. Ehlobo lika-1941, i-IFP ikhiselwe eKazan. Abasebenzi baka-Institute basebenze ngokuvikela. Ngalesi sikhathi faka izihloko zeLandau ezinikezelwe ekuchithweni kweziqhumane. Ngokubambisana no-Alexander KitgoDesky, incwadi ethi "Electron" yadalwa. Ama-Cosmos Energy. Lolu uhlelo lwesayensi othandwayo olubhekiswe kubuningi babafundi.
Ukushona
NgoJanuwari 7, 1962, i-Landau yangena engozini yemoto yathola ukulimala okuningi. Le ngozi yenzeke emgaqweni omkhulu we-oblase Highway Moscow - Dubna. Imoto lapho umfundi we-academian abengemuva khona isondo, ngejubane eligcwele lapho ethola uKamaz eshayisana neloli. Ukuqunjelwa okunamandla kwehlela endaweni lapho uLavich ahlala khona.Usosayensi izinyanga ezimbili akazange ashiye ama-coma, kepha ngenxa yemizamo yomphakathi wesayensi osemhlabeni wonke osindile. Ngasikhathi sinye, iKomiti YeNobel yamklomelisa umklomelo wokufunda kwezindawo ze-helium ewuketshezi. Indondo yoMklomelo kaNobel uLauruate wokufaka umnikelo ku-Science, idiploma kanye nesheke elethulwe uGandau esibhedlela. Ngemuva kwengozi, isazi semvelo sasingasakwazi ukusebenza, okungenani kancane kancane sabuyiselwa.
Impilo kaLandau isekele iqembu lonke lodokotela abadinga ukukhwabanisa okudingekayo nomzimba wesiguli odumile. Kodwa-ke, ama-bark landau kuma-memoir abonakaliswa abanye odokotela abavela emabhulokini akhethekile njengokungenamandla. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okulandelayo, insiza yomzimba iqediwe, kwathi ngo-Ephreli 1, 1968, uLev Damovich wafa. Imbangela yokufa kososayensi yaba yi-thromm ephukile. I-Acadomic yase-Academich itholakala emathuneni eNovodevichy eMoscow. Umfazi oseduzane ukuphumula unkosikazi nendodana.
Ukukhumbula
Imininingwane eminingi ngempilo yomuntu siqu ye-DA iqukethe ama-Memoirs omkakhe "we-Acadomian Landau. Njengoba sasiphila, "ngoba leyo filimu" umyeni wami ungobungcweti ". Incwadi kanye nokuhlolwa kwabangela ukusabela okuqinile emphakathini. Umsebenzi wezincwadi ezimbili empilweni yososayensi onobuhlakani wethula uMaja Bessarab, umshana kankosikazi wakhe ibhubesi uDavide, osemthethweni. Ukusuka ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zakhe, izincwadi zamakhasi eLandau futhi "zisho kanjalo".
I-biography kaLeo Damovich isebenze njengesisekelo sombhalo woMqondisi Ongalungiswa u-Ilya Hrzhanovsky. Umlingiswa ophambili kwifilimu wenziwa ngumqhubi we-The conductor Theodore Kurtzis. Kwezinye izindima, uMqondisi u-Anatoly Vasilyev, uNobel Laureate Robert Gross, Fric-Singer Nikolai Voronov kanye nabalingisi abaningi abangewona ama-non-osporfer.
Umsebenzi ochungechungeni waqala ngo-2005, ukukhishwa kokuqala kwadlula ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu. I-tepi ingumbukiso wamahora angama-700, owafakwa kumafilimu ayi-13. Ukuqala ukusebenza nge-balopic, umqondisi wenqabile kancane kancane lo msebenzi futhi wahlanganyela ekubuyiselweni okuqhubekayo kwempilo yaseSoviet yama-30s no-1960 wekhulu lama-20. Ukudutshulwa okuyinhloko kwenzeka eKharkov, inqubo yathatha iminyaka emi-4.
Iphrojekthi yephrojekthi yenzeka ngonyaka we-2019 eParis ezinkundleni zemidlalo eziningana zedolobha.
Ehhovisi lebhokisi laseRussia, lo mbukiso waqala maphakathi no-Ephreli 2020 ensimini yezwe. Kwakhethwa ingqikithi yemisebenzi eyi-10. Lokhu kungenxa yemithetho eqinile yokuthola isitifiketi sokugoqa kusuka koMnyango Wezamasiko.
Imiklomelo kanye nezimpumelelo
- Ngo-1934 - Udokotela Wezesayensi Yomzimba NamaMathematics, AKUKHO BUNGANI LOKUQHAWULA
- Ngo-1935 - isihloko sikaprofesa
- Ngo-1945 - Order of the Banner Red Red Banner
- Ngo-1946 - Ilungu elivumelekile le-USSR Academy of Science. Umklomelo weStalinsky
- Ngo-1949 - I-Order of Lenin, umklomelo weStalin
- 1951 - Ubulungu kuDanish Royal Academy of Science
- 1953 - Umklomelo kaStalin
- 1954 - I-Hero of Socialist Labour
- 1956 - Ubulungu kuRoyal Academy of ENetherlands
- Ngo-1959 - Udokotela Ohlonishwayo Wesayensi ye-Oxford University
- 1960 - Ukhetho yilungu leBritish Physics Society, London Royal Society, kuzwelonke Umklomelo weLondon Fritz, Max Plank Medal
- Ngo-1962 - Umklomelo weLenin, umklomelo kaNobel ku-physics
- Ngo-1968 - Order of Lenin