I-Biograge
Ubuntu buka-Yuri Nagina ngandlela thile kuba yinto emlandweni wezincwadi zeSoviet. Kwaphela isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, ababusi bashintshile, ukucwaninga kwaba buthaka, kwabe sekutholwa umoya ukuze abeke izibopho nezimbongi. UNagibin akakaze abhale etafuleni, akwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezitayela ezintsha zemibhalo ezisha. Ngasikhathi sinye, njengoba kusho u-Andron Konchalovskyy, enziwe imisebenzi ehlala enkumbulweni yabafundi njengamasampula e-classical prose.Ubuntwana nentsha
Kwi-biography ye-nagin, amaqiniso amaningi amangalisayo. Ngakho-ke, igama lomlobi wamanje lawafundi, ngokuba ngumdala. Kirill Naginy Shot. Akaze akwazi ukubona indodana yakhe. Kodwa-ke, umhlanganyeli wokuhlubuka kwe-antonovsky, oyisikhulu, wakwazi ukubhala umngani wakhe incwadi ukuthi abhale uLeving, ngesicelo sokunakekela umkakhe nengane, okuzovela maduze.
U-Lawyer LeveNentang wagcina isithembiso sakhe: Wanikela ngesibongo sakhe kumfana. EKsenia Alekseevna, umama womlobi wesikhathi esizayo, wayesekuthanda isikhathi eside. Ngo-1927, kwathunyelwa okukodwa kusixhumanisi. Ngokushesha umama washada okwesithathu - ngeProsaka Yakova Yakova engaziwa namuhla. Le ndoda yakhuthaza isiqalo semibhalo yesinyathelo.
Kepha umyeni wesithathu uKsenia Alekseevna wayelindele ikusasa labanduleli. Ukucindezelwa kwango-1937 akuzange kudlule umkhaya kaRykachev: Umbhali watshalwa ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuba uYuri athole isitifiketi sokuvuthwa kanye nemibhalo efayelwe esikhungweni sezokwelapha.
UNagibin akazange abe udokotela. Kanye, phakathi kwabanye abafundi babafundi bavakashele uMorg. Isithombe, engikubonile lapho, ngashaya isifiso sokufunda esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Nginqume ukuba ngumbhali wesikrini. Ngaleso sikhathi, umbhali osemusha wayeseshicilele indaba yokuqala. UNagibin wadluliselwa eVGIK, kepha wafunda isikhathi eside. Kwaqala impi.
Ngaphambi kweNagibin, wasebenza njengomfundisi wemfucuza yezepolitiki: ekhishwe amapheshana e-Propaganda, amadokhumenti wezitha ahlakazekile. Ngo-1942 wathola ukungenela. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi, ngasebenza njengombhali. Ngisho nakuleyo minyaka yaqhubeka nokubhala iprose. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqala kwakhishwa eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kokunqoba okukhulu.
Into yokufunda
Akekho umlobi ophumelele weSoviet wabhala ukuthi ucabangani. Nagibin - akukho okuhlukile. Eminyakeni yama-60 eMoscow kwakukhona amahlebezi ngengcebo engathandeki yombhali. Izincwadi zikaNagin zanyatheliswa, amafilimu ahlungwa ngokwezimo zawo. Kepha kwakungekho ukwaneliseka kokubhala. Ukubhala okuqotho noFrank kwakuyi "Diaryry", enyatheliswa ngemuva kokufa komlobi.
Ema-50s okuqala, imali etholwa yimali eyakheke yenzelwe izindatshana. UNagibina kwadingeka aqambe izindaba ezimangalisayo ukuze azinda. Ngakho-ke, ezikhathini zikaStalin I-STALIN's Qaphela mayelana namaGypsies afike kibits esiteshini sokuvota ukunikeza izwi "umholi". UNagibin uthole imali enhle yeziza ezinhle kakhulu futhi wabiza ubuhlakani obunjalo ngeHalturoy.
Ngokusho kukaKonchalovsky, umbhali wakhokhelwa kabanzi ngendawo phansi kwelanga. Yebo, futhi uNagin ngokwakhe wayekholelwa ukuthi uHaltury ubhubhisa umphefumulo womdwebi. Futhi ngokushesha, kunotshwala, yena, njengakwamanye amakhosi eZwi, ayengenandaba.
Manje izindaba zakudala zeSoviet zifunda izingane zesikole ezifundweni zezincwadi. "I-Dube yasebusika" isho ngobudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi bothisha abancane noSavishkina - umfundi we-Mediocre, kodwa ngubani owaziyo ukuthi angawazisa kanjani ubuhle bezwe lomdabu. Ubudlelwano phakathi komuntu onemvelo buzinikele endabeni "echo." Emsebenzini omfishane we- "kittens head-blind", kutshelwa ngamasosha akhulunywayo athola usizi oluningi ekhulwini lakhe, owayekhona emugqeni wangaphambili, kodwa wahluleka ukwehlisa impilo yesilwane.
Emisebenzini yokuqala yeNagibin izinkulumo mayelana nengane, abangane besikole. Umlobi wokunakwa okukhulu unikeze isihloko sezempi. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-60s, wabhala iskripthi sefilimu ethi "Babia Kingdom". Le filimu inikelwe kubahlali basemakhaya abahlala ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwabesilisa ngemuva kwempi.
Izindaba zikaTale neNagin zihlukile kokuqukethwe. Kuma-80-90s, ababhali baseSoviet bazwakalise konke ababethule amashumishumi eminyaka. Ungashiyi eceleni kanye ne-nagibin, ukushicilela imisebenzi eminingana engalindelekile. Indaba ethi "Ukubekezela" kwavela ephephabhukwini lokubhala, elingene eTrilogy elinikezelwe kwabakhubazekile, abangafisa ukufisa ukubuya ngemuva kwempi. Ama-Heroes Nagin - Abantu ababekuzwisisile ukuthi emhlabeni wabantu abaphilile, abagcwele ngokomzimba bathe xaxa, futhi ngenxa yalokho bahlala esiqhingini saseBogoyar.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Izingane zikaNagin zazingenazo. Ngokusho komfelokazi womlobi, uYuri Markovich wabhekisela ekuqhubekeni kohlobo olujulile. Ngemuva kwemicimbi eCzechoslovakia, eyenzeka ngasekupheleni kwa-60s, yathi kumkakhe:
"Kuleli lizwe, izingane azikwazi ukuqala."UMariya Asmus, indodakazi kathisha we-Institute Institute, yaba ngumfazi wokuqala. Wayehlala naye iminyaka emibili. Wabe eseshada nendodakazi ka-Ivan Lickacheva - usopolitiki, umsunguli wezimoto ezifuywayo. Kepha lo mshado wawuphila isikhashana - iminyaka emihlanu kuphela.
Unkosikazi wesithathu kaProsuaka - u-Elena Cherniouv, ongaziwa ngaye. Okwesine - u-Ada Paratov. Nge-pop ethandwayo kuleyo minyaka, umculi we-pop we-nagibin wagcina ubudlelwane obufudumele nangemva kwesehlukaniso. Okwesihlanu, umlobi washada noBelle Ahmadulina. Isiqephu esivela empilweni yomuntu siqu kaNagina sikhonjiswa encwadini yezinkumbulo zeVasily Akselenov.
Esikhathini esizwakalayo esithi "inkanuko engaqondakali" echazwe ngomlobi othile, owabuya ngokuzumayo ekhaya, uthola umkakhe enkampanini yabesifazane ababili. Isimo egumbini lokulala sathi kusihlwa samantombazane awenzanga nhlobo izingxoxo ezinhle ezinobungane. Umbhali wabiza umbhali. Kodwa-ke, ababhali bombhali bakholelwa ukuthi i-aksenov yabonakalisa encwadini yesehlakalo evela empilweni yomndeni kaNagin.
U-Ahmadulina prosaic waphila iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ukunikeza inhlolokhono nephephandaba "i-Interlocutor" ngonyaka ka-2012, u-Alla Nagin, umfazi wesithupha nowokugcina wombhali, aqinisekisile amahemuhemu. Ama-prototypes esigcawu esichazwe yi-AkSenov, umyeni wakhe owedlule nezezinkondlo zaseSoviet ezidumile. Ngokusho komfelokazi kaNagin, u-Ahmadulina wayengafuni ukuhlukana nomlobi, ngubani, ngokungafani nalowo osebenza nabo bathola okuningi, bajabulela ukuhlonishwa kwezikhulu. Kepha uYuri Markovich waphikelela ngesehlukaniso: Izinkondlo zazithanda ngokweqile izivivinyo zobulili nokungafani.
I-Lucky Nagibin kuphela emshadweni wokugcina. Ingxenye yengxenye yekhulu leminyaka yayihlala nomlobi we-Alla Grigorievna, yize ayenawo kancane. U-Alla wazalelwa eLeningrad ngalowo nyaka, lapho umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo egijima isikole. Akathandanga ukukhumbula ubuntwana. Ubuye wabonisa izehlakalo zomnyaka wokuqala ngendlela ethinta inhliziyo yokuthinta eqoqweni elithi "amachibi ahlanzekile".
Ngombhali othandwayo u-Alla wahlangana ngo-1966. Imisebenzi kaNagina ngaleso sikhathi izwe lonke selivele lafundwa. Ngaphambi nje komhlangano wokuqala, kwadedelwa "usihlalo" wefilimu ", wahlungwa embhalweni we-nagun. Okokuqala uNagibin waya eLeningrad. Kodwa-ke, ukugibela eMoscow kuya enhlokodolobha esenyakatho kusheshe ikhathele. Umlobi wenza umnikelo wawumnikelo ngokushesha nje lapho kwehlukaniswa no-Ahmadulina yakhelwe.
Umshushisi odumile wayehlala ebukeka emuhle. UNagibin wanqoba abesifazane ngemikhuba emibi ababethathe izintambo eziningi ezivela kumama. UVictoria Tokarev ngaye wathi:
"Wayeyindoda ebukekayo futhi eyahlukaniswa kuyo yonke imfuyo yombhali."Kepha uNagibin wabukeka enenzuzo ebhekene nemvelaphi yozakwabo akuwona kuphela ngenxa yezingubo ezitholwe phakathi nohambo lwakwamanye amazwe. Umlobi wezwakala njengobuhlakani obucwengisisiwe: Wafunda uGoethe kuma-prute asekuqaleni futhi acashunwe ekuqaleni.
Udumo eNagibin njengoba kufike umkingo maphakathi nama-60s. Amafilimu afika ezikrinini, ezingababukeli zanamuhla azigcizeleli, "Sihlalo". Kodwa-ke, ngalezo zikhathi, ifilimu ngempilo ehlanganayo yepulazi yayinesibindi kakhulu. Isikhathi eside abaphumanga isikhathi eside, ngenxa yalokho umbhali abenesimo sendawo. Kepha nokho kwenzeka. Amaphosta anezithombe ze-Mikhail Ulyanov zazikhona yonke indawo. Umlingisi utholile udumo kuNagibina, owamkhetha endimeni enkulu.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni engu-17 ngemuva kokukhululwa "ngusihlalo", umlobi waphinda wahlaselwa yinhliziyo. Wabe esebikezela imbangela yokufa, ezomfumana ngo-1994. Uthe ngolunye usuku inhliziyo yakhe izophula inhliziyo yakhe futhi izokwenzeka ephusheni. Kwathi kwenzeka.
Eminyakeni yokugcina uNagibin waqhubela phesheya, kodwa washona ezweni lakubo. Ngifunde umbhalo wesandla "idayari", walala futhi akasavukeli.
I-Bibliography
- 1943 - "Umuntu ovela ngaphambili"
- 1945 - "Izindaba Zempi"
- 1955 - "Ubusika oki"
- 1959 - "Ukuhlaselwa kokugcina"
- Ngo-1962 - "Amachibi Ahlanzekile"
- 1965 - "Indlela Enzima"
- 1975 - "Echo"
- 1977 - "Isiqhingi Sothando"
- 1986 - "Ukukhanya kwenyanga"
- 1994 - "Isiqhingi saseBuntish"
- 1995 - "Idayari"