I-Biograge
UKonstantin Balmont uyimbongi yaseRussia, umhumushi, prose, umgxeki, u-Estherist. Ummeli wekhulu lesiliva elikhanyayo. Washicilela amaqoqo angama-35 enkondlo, izincwadi ezingama-20 ze-prose. Kuhunyushelwe inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yababhali bakwamanye amazwe. I-Konstantin Dmitrievch nguMlobi wezifundo zemibhalo, izivumelwano zezokolosologisologisologisological, izindatshana ezibucayi. Izinkondlo zakhe "iqhwa", "Kamyshey", "ekwindla", "ebusika", "Fairy" nabanye abaningi bafakwa kwikharikhulamu yesikole.Ubuntwana nentsha
UKonstantin Balmont wazalwa futhi waphila iminyaka eyi-10 edolobhaneni laseHunnishi Shui County Vladimir esifundazweni empofu, kodwa emndenini omuhle. Ubaba wakhe, uDmitry Konstantinovich, waqala wasebenza njengokwahluleli, kamuva wathatha isikhundla senhloko yeZemmie. Umama uVera Nikolaevna wayevela emndenini, lapho ayethanda khona futhi ayezithanda khona izincwadi. Owesifazane wahlala phansi ubusuku nemibhalo, wabeka lo msebenzi futhi wanyatheliswa ephephandabeni lendawo.
UVera Nikolaevna wayazi izilimi eziningana zakwamanye amazwe, futhi waba nengxenye engxenyeni ethi "Liberal Ountment", "abantu abangafuneki" babevame ukutholakala endlini yabo. Kamuva, wabhala ukuthi umama wakhe akagcinanga nje kuphela othandweni ngezincwadi, kodwa wazuza khona "uhlelo lwayo olungokomoya." Emndenini, ngaphezu kukaConstantine, kwakukhona amadodana ayisikhombisa. Wayengowesithathu. Ukubuka umama kufundisa le ncwadi yabafowethu abaphezulu, umfana ngokuzimela wafunda ukufunda iminyaka emi-5.
Kwakukhona umndeni endlini owayemi emabhange omfula, wazungezwe izingadi. Ngakho-ke, lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuba izingane zinikeze esikoleni, zathuthela emthunjini. Ngakho-ke, kwadingeka bahlukane nemvelo. Umfana wabhala izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala eminyakeni eyi-10. Kepha umama akazange avume lokhu okwenziwe, futhi akazange abhale lutho iminyaka eyi-6 ezayo.
Ngo-1876, uBalmont wabhaliswa eShui Gymnasium. Ekuqaleni, uKostya wazibonakalisa njengomfundi okhuthele, kodwa ngokushesha wakhumbula konke lokhu. Waba nesifiso sokufunda, ngenkathi ezinye izincwadi ziseJalimane naseFrance wafunda kwasekuqaleni. Ukusuka endaweni yokuzivocavoca, kwafakwa ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kabi kanye nemizwa yokuguqula. Kakade-ke wayekade enombuthano ongekho emthethweni, osabalalisa amapheshana eqembu le-Folk Free Party.
UKonstantin wathuthela eVladimir wafunda lapho kuze kube ngu-1886. Ngenkathi ngifunda e-Gymnasium, izinkondlo zakhe zishicilelwe kumagazini we-Metropolitan "Ukubuyekezwa okuhle", kepha lo mcimbi awunakulinganiswa. Ngemuva kokungena eyunivesithi yaseMoscow e-Faculty of Law. Kepha lapha kwakungelona isikhathi eside isikhathi eside.
Waseduze noPeter Nikolaev, owayengukuguqula amashumi ayisithupha. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 kuxoshwe ngokubamba iqhaza ekuvuseleleni kwabafundi. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kwalesi sehlakalo, wathunyelwa esuka eMoscow azobona.
Ngo-1889, uBalmont wanquma ukululama eyunivesithi, kodwa ngenxa yenkinga yezinzwa, akunakwenzeka ukwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubuyisana. Isiphetho esifanayo samlinga futhi eqenjini le-Demidov lilele ezingosi zesayensi ezingokomthetho, lapho afika khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngemuva kwalomzamo, wanquma ukushiya umbono wokuthi athole imfundo "engenazo".
Into yokufunda
Iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo Balmont labhala lapho liboshwe embhedeni ngemuva kokuzibulala okungaphumelelanga. Ngishicilele incwadi e-Yaroslavl ngo-1890, kodwa kamuva imbongi ngokwakhe imbongile ngokwakhe ingxenye enkulu yokujikeleza.
Lonke iqiniso lokuqala emsebenzini wembongi libhekwa njengeqoqo "ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esenyakatho". Wahlangabezana nomphakathi ngokuncoma, njengomsebenzi olandelayo - "ebumnyameni" kanye "nokuthula". Ngokuzithandela kwakhe waqala ukuphrinta komagazini wanamuhla, uBalmont wathandwa, wabhekwa njengothembisa kakhulu "kubasebenzi".
Maphakathi ne-1890s, uqala ukuxhumana neBryusov, Merezkovsky, Hippius. Ngokushesha uBalmont uba yimbongi ethandwa kakhulu isibonakaliso eRussia. Emavesini, unesifiso esimeni sezwe, kanti kwelinye amaqoqo aphathelene obala izihloko "zamademoni". Lokhu kuyaphawuleka 'kuma-char amabi' akuthuthukiswa kwawo yiziphathimandla ngezizathu zokucwaninga.
I-Balmont ihamba kakhulu, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wakhe ugcwele ngezithombe zamazwe ahlukile kanye ne-polyculturity. Abafundi baheha futhi bajabule. Imbongi inamathela ekuthuthukisweni okuzenzakalelayo - Akaze afake isandla emibhalweni, wayekholelwa ukuthi i-gust yokuqala yokudala yayithembekile kakhulu.
Abantu besikhathi 'esifanele izinganekwane ", ebhalwe nguBalmont ngo-1905, baziswa kakhulu. Leli qoqo lezingoma ezinhle kakhulu imbongi enikelwe endodakazini kaNina.
UKonstantin Dmitrieveich balmont bekuwukuguqula umoya nokuphila. Ukuncishiswa kwe-Gymnasium naseyunivesithi akuzange kuyeke imbongi. Lapho efunda obala leli vesi elithi "Little Sultan", lapho wonke umuntu abona khona ngokufana noNikole II. Ngoba lokhu bamxosha eSt. Petersburg kanti iminyaka emi-2 bavinjelwe ekuhlaleni emadolobheni asenyuvesi.
Wayengumphikisi we-tsarism, ngakho-ke ukubamba iqhaza kwakhe kuguquko lokuqala laseRussia. Ngaleso sikhathi, waba abangane noMaxim Gorky nezinkondlo babhala kangangokuba lokho kufana namapheshana ancanyana afana.
Ngesikhathi sokuvunyelwa kukaDisemba 1905, iBalmont iphikisana nabafundi. Kepha, wesaba ukuboshwa, kuphoqelekile ukushiya iRussia. Kusukela ngo-1906 kuya ku-1913 uhlala eFrance ngesimo somfuduki wezepolitiki. Ukuba ngohlobo lwesixhumanisi, uyaqhubeka nokubhala, kepha abagxeki baqala ukukhuluma ngokwehla kobuqambi bakaBalmont. Emisebenzini yakhe yokugcina, babona uhlobo oluthile lwethempulethi nokuzenzela.
Imbongi ngokwa ngokwakhe wayicubungula incwadi yakhe engcono "izakhiwo ezivuthayo. Izingoma zomphefumlo wanamuhla. " Uma, ngaphambi kwaleli qoqo, izingoma zakhe zagcwala ukulangazelela nokuhlanza, khona-ke "izakhiwo ezivuthayo" zavula iBalmont ngakolunye uhlangothi - "Amanothi welanga" namaphaneli aqhamuke emsebenzini.
Ukubuyela eRussia ngo-1913, wanyathelisa imibhalo ephelele eyi-10. Kusebenza izinguqulo nezinkulumo ezweni. I-February Revolution Balmont ibonwa ngentshiseko, njengawo wonke ama-Russian entellice. Kepha kungekudala kwafika ethukuthele kokunye okuqhubekayo ezweni.
Lapho kuqala u-Okthoba Revolutional, ubeseSt. Petersburg, kwakuyisiphepho sobuhlanya "nange-" Chaos ". Ngo-1920, imbongi yathuthela eMoscow, kodwa ngokushesha ngenxa yempilo ebuthakathaka yoshade naye nendodakazi yathuthela eFrance nabo. ERussia, akasabuyi.
Ngo-1923, uBalmont wakhipha ama-autobiographicies amabili - "ngaphansi kweSherp entsha" kanye ne- "Air Way". Kuze kube yingxenye yokuqala yawo-1930s, waxosha kulo lonke elaseYurophu, izinkulumo zakhe zaziphumelele. Kepha lapha i-Diaspora yaseRussia ayikujabuleli ukuqashelwa.
Ukushona kwelanga ngobuhlakani bakhe kwawa ngo-1937, wabe eseshicilela iqoqo lakhe lokugcina lezinkondlo "Inkonzo Ekhanyayo."
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1889, uKonstantin Balmont washada nendodakazi ka-Ivanovo-voznesensky Merchant - uLarisa Mikhailovna Malina. Ngethula umama wabo, kodwa lapho ememezela inhloso yakhe yokushada, wakhuluma ngokulwa nalo mshado. UKonstantin wakhombisa ukunganaki kwakhe futhi waze wafuna isithandwa sakhe ngegebe nomndeni wakhe.
Ekugcineni, oshade naye osemusha wayevame ukuthambekela emgodini ongafanele. Bahlala bexabana, lona wesifazane akazange amkele kunoma yimuphi umbhalo, noma emisebenzini yokuguqula. Abanye abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi nguyena owangezela empini.
NgoMashi 13, 1890, imbongi yanquma ukuzibulala - wagxumela ebhulohweni elivela esitezi sesithathu sefulethi lakhe. Kepha umzamo wehlulekile - walala phansi embhedeni, futhi ekulimaleni okulimele wahlala e-chrome.
Emshadweni noLarisa, babenezingane ezimbili. Ingane yabo yokuqala yafa ebuntwaneni, owesibili - indodana kaNikolai - wayegula yinkinga yezinzwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, uKonstantin noLarisa baphambuke, washada nentatheli nomlobi u-Engert.
Ngo-1896, uBalmode washada ngokwesibili. Umkakhe waba i-ekaterina alekseeva andreeva. Le ntombazane yayivela emndenini ocebile - smart, efundisiwe futhi yinhle. Masinyane ngemuva komshado, abathandi baya eFrance. Ngo-1901, babenendodakazi uNina. Ngezindlela eziningi, babehlangene ngemibhalo ebhaliwe, bendawonye basebenzela izinguqulo.
U-Ekaterina Alekseevna wayengeyena okhethekile, kepha indlela yokuphila yabalingani bakhe eyabiwe. Futhi konke kuzolunga, ukube bengingahlangane neBalmont eParis Elena Konstantinovna TETkovskaya. Intombazane yahlatshwa umxhwele imbongi, yayibukeka njengaye uNkulunkulu. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke wayehlala nomndeni wakhe, khona-ke izinyanga ezimbalwa zishiye uhambo lwangaphandle ngeCatherine.
Ukuphila komndeni wakhe kwagcina kudidekile lapho iTsvetkovsky yabeletha indodakazi kaMeru. Lesi sehlakalo sagcina siboshwe uConstantine ku-Elena, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye wayengafuni ukuphambukisa no-Andreva. Ukuhlushwa okuqotho kwaphinde kwaholela ekuzibulaleni. Wagxuma waphuma efasiteleni, kodwa, njengoba okokugcina, wasaphila.
Ngenxa yalokho, waqala ukuhlala eSt. Petersburg enezimbali nangezikhathi ezithile futhi uvakashele eMoscow e-Andreva nendodakazi uNina. Kamuva bathuthela eFrance. Lapho, uBalmont waqala ukuhlangana neDagmar Shakhovskaya. Akazange awushiye umndeni, kodwa wahlangana nowesifazane njalo, zonke izinsuku zibhale izincwadi zakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, wamzalisela izingane ezimbili - indodana kaGeorge nendodakazi uSvetlana.
Kepha eminyakeni enzima kakhulu yokuphila kwakhe naye, kwakusekhona izimbali. Wabikezelwa kangangokuba akazange aphile ngemuva kokufa kwakhe, wamlandela.
Ukushona
Lapho esethuthele eFrance, wanqoba eRussia. Kepha impilo yakhe iye yawohloka, kwakukhona izinkinga zezezimali, ngakho-ke kwakungekho nkulumo mayelana nokubuya. Wayehlala efulethini elishibhile enefasitela eliphukile.
Ngo-1937, imbongi yathola ukugula kwengqondo. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, akasabhale izinkondlo.
NgoDisemba 23, 1942, wafa endaweni yokukhosela "Russian House", hhayi kude neParis, eNyazi-le-Gran. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwakungukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Imbongi ebuphofini nokuphamba.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1894 - "Ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esisenyakatho (Electia, Stans, Sennets)"
- Ngo-1895 - "ebuntwini be-mraka"
- 1898 - "Ukuthula. Izinkondlo ze-lyrical "
- 1900 - "Izakhiwo zemizuzu yokugcina. Izingoma Zomphefumulo Wanamuhla "
- Ngo-1903 - "Sizofana nelanga. Incwadi yezinhlamvu »
- 1903 - "Uthando kuphela. -Cathizile
- 1905 - "I-Liturgy of ubuhle. Amaculo azenzakalelayo »
- Ngo-1905 - "Izinganekwane ze-Faine Fairy (Izingoma zezingane)"
- Ngo-1906 - "Iziphonso Ezibi (Incwadi Yokukhuphuka)"
- 1906 - "Inkondlo"
- Ngo-1907 - "Izingoma ze-Avengenger"
- 1908 - "Izinyoni emoyeni (imigqa yokucula)"
- Ngo-1909 - "Green VertoRRAD (amagama okuqabula)"
- Ngo-1917 - "Ama-Sonnets of the Sun, Uju nenyanga"
- 1920 - "Ranger"
- 1920 - "Izinkondlo Eziyisikhombisa"
- Ngo-1922 - "Isihlabelelo Sesando Yomsebenzi"
- Ngo-1929 - "UDali (inkondlo ekhuluma eRussia)"
- Ngo-1930 - "Isifinyezo Sokugeza"
- Ngo-1937 - "Linbusthouse"