I-Biograge
Umlobi waseRussia u-Ivan Goncharov wadala amanoveli amathathu. Yibo abaletha umbhali udumo lwegama elithi master. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amagama ezincwadi ezintathu aqala ngezinhlamvu "OB".
I-Classic yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa ehlobo, ngoJuni 6, 1812, eSimbask. Umndeni usuvele waphakamisa indodana enkulu uNikolai. Abazali bengane - U-Alexander Ivanovich no-Avdota Matterevna - babengowomthengisi. Eminyakeni embalwa emva kokuzalwa kuka-Ivan, amadodakazi amabili avele emndenini we-potion. IGoncharov enemfudumalo yakhumbula ubuntwana ezindabeni ze-autobiographic.
Lapho ingane ineminyaka eyisikhombisa, uBaba Alexander Ivanovich washona. Ngemuva kwalokho uNikolay Nikolayevich Tregubov wakhuphuka ukukhuliswa kwe-Ivan encane. Wathatha indawo uBaba wase-Ivan. Futhi yize umndeni ulahlekelwe ngumondli, u-Avdoti Matterevna waba nezimali eyanele ukungazeli ekwakhekeni kwezingane.
UMfundisi wokuqala wengane kwakunguTregulov. Ngemuva kwalokho u-Ivan wathunyelwa empeshenini yangasese. Eminyakeni eyishumi, umfana wadluliselwa esikoleni lapho umzalwane ayesekhona. Lapho, iGoncharov yahlala iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, yize ngangingathandi umlobi wesikhathi esizayo. Igama lika-Ivan Alexandrovich lalivame ukukhathalela "ebhodini elibomvu". Ngaleyo minyaka, izinsizwa zavusa uthando ngezincwadi nokubhala. Wakhokha izincwadi eziningi zokufunda.
Isibonelo sokulingiswa kweGoncharov kubhekwe njengembongi ka-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Inoveli "evgeny linye" yaba ngu-Ivan isambulo sangempela. Siza ukusunduza, umlobi wahlelwa impilo yonke yonke. Ngolunye usuku, uGoncharov wayenenhlanhla yokubona isithombe. Umhlangano ushiye izinkumbulo zemvula.
Ngo-1830, uGoncharov wakhishwa ohlwini lwabagibeli ngesicelo sikamama. Ibhizinisi elithandayo liholele kuMdali wesikhathi esizayo esifisweni sokuthola imfundo eMoscow University. Ngo-1831, u-Ivan Alexandrovich wadlula ezivivinyweni zokungena futhi waba ngumfundi weNyuvesi. Iminyaka emithathu ezindongeni zesikhungo ilethe umnikelo omkhulu kwi-biography yombhali. Ngasikhathi sinye, uMikhail Lermontov, konstantin aksakov, uVissionlion Belinsky, u-Ivan Turgenev wathola eyunivesithi ngasikhathi sinye nensizwa eyunivesithi.
Ngo-1834, izifundo zahlala ngemuva, kwathi uGoncharov waya eSimbirsk ukubona umama nodade. Le nsizwa ngisho nangezifundo zakhe yanquma ukuthi ngeke ihlale edolobheni lakubo elijabulisayo. Umbhali waheha impilo yedolobha elikhulu. Kepha lapho befika epani lomdabu, u-Ivan Alexandrovich wanikezwa isikhundla sikaNobhala. Wacabanga futhi wavuma.
Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi wawuyisidina sokuthi ngemuva kokufika ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nanye eGoncharov waya eSt. Leli cala lavela ukuthi alinasisekelo futhi lishiye isikhathi sokubhala. Ngemuva kwalokho uGoncharov wangena emndenini kaNikolai Apollonovich Majkova. Wafundzisa amadodana olimi lwesiLatin wezincwadi nezincwadi zesiRussia. Ifa laseMiken lalibhekwa njengesikhungo samasiko seNorth Palmyra. Lapha u-Ivan Alexandrovich wangena ezweni laseBohemia.
Into yokufunda
Ngo-1838, uGoncharov wadala "iLychyaya coup." Ngemuva konyaka, kwavela umsebenzi wesibili woMdali - "iphutha elijabulisayo". Zombili lezi zindatshana zingene embhalweni we-Almanacies Almanacies "inyanga yobusuku" ne- "snowdrop", ezanyatheliswa emndenini weMaikov. Isiginesha kaGoncharov yayingemi ngaphansi kwemisebenzi. Ukuhlelwa kwafika ngokungaziwa.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi wombhali wawuthola umfutho. Wahlangana noBelinsky, wavakashela indlu yababhali. Ngo-1846, umbhali we-novice wafunda ukugxekwa 'kwendaba ejwayelekile', ahlala kuwo. Ngo-1847, umsebenzi wanyatheliswa "esikhathini sesimanje".
Ukubukeka kweBelinsky empilweni yeGoncharov kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekugcineni. Ku- "Amanothi ngobuntu beBelinsky", umbhali ofudumele ukhumbula imikhandlu namathiphu wokugxekwa. Kepha abakwazanga ukuba abangane. UGoncharov ngokungangabazeki waphatha umlobi weBelinsky ngemibono yezinguquko zaseFrance, futhi umgxeki waphendula wabizwa ngokuthi umlobi indoda ene-bhodlela.
Ngo-1848, kumagazini "Sovremennik" kwaphuma i-Essay "Ivan Savvich Pzharabrin".
Eminyakeni emine kamuva, uGoncharov waya eJapan nge-Admiral Efimy Vasilyvid Pustathin emathangeni "Pallada" endimeni kanobhala. Ukuxoshwa kwathatha iminyaka emibili nesigamu futhi kwaphazanyiswa ngenxa yokuqala yempi yaseMpumalanga.
Ngesikhathi sokuzulazula, umlobi wahola amarekhodi anemininingwane ayesekelwe encwadini ethi "Pallada Frigate". Umjikelezo wekati wabona ukukhanya ngo-1858 kwaba yinto entsha emibuthanweni yezemibhalo. Abafundi babona incwadi njengefasitela ezweni elisha elingenalwazi, elitshelwa umhambi.
Ukubuya kokubhukuda, iGoncharov kungekudala kwenza umsebenzi. Umlobi wanikezwa isikhundla sokucwaninga ephephandabeni lasenyakatho, futhi wavuma. Ngo-1859, "ama-Opmishini adumile" adumile aphuma, njengoba ephumelele kakhulu. Incwadi yabukwa ukubukwa kwefilosofi. Ngokushesha igama elithi "u-Oblomovshchina" lavela kubantu.
Ngo-1862, umlobi wayeholwa ngeposi eNyakatho. Ngo-1865, wangena ebulungu kubuciko bezobuciko bezobuciko, kwathi ngo-1867 wathatha umhlalaphansi. Umlobi wamukela isinqumo esinjalo, ngoba inkathazo yavimba umsebenzi.
Ngo-1869, waqeda inoveli yesithathu ngokuthi "Obrax". Phezu kwengqondo yokugcina eGoncharov yasebenza iminyaka engamashumi amabili, kepha le ncwadi ayiphumelelanga ngabafundi. Eseqedile "ukuvula", uMdali wabeka iphuzu eTrilogy elakhiwe nguYe. Emisebenzini emithathu yeGoncharov, izigaba ezilandelanayo zokukhula kweRussia zenzeka. Ngaphandle kwencwadi yokugcina, umkhondo womlobi wayehlala ekhanya kangako.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yehlulekile. Akaze ashade futhi engayazi injabulo yobude. Isikhathi eside uGoncharov wayewathanda i-yefremov dmitrievna, umshana e-evgenia Petrovna Makova. Kepha intombazane yazinika njengomshado nenye indoda.
Ngo-1855, umlobi wehlula umuzwa omusha. Uhlangane no-Elizabeth Vasilyevna Tolstoy, eduze nendlu kaMikey. Umlayezo womlobi eTolstoy angabhekwa njengokwahlukana okuhlukile, uthando olungaka nokudabukisa kubo. Kepha ngo-1857 wahlanganiswa nomshado no-Alexey Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin. Lokhu kwephule inhliziyo yomlobi.
UGoncharov wayengumngane no-Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. Kepha ngemuva kwawo-1860, uGoncharov wafunda umugqa ovela ku "Cliff" ekwakhiweni kweTurgenev, ubudlelwane bababhali abakhulu banqunywa. U-Ivan Alexandrovich waze wabangela i-turgengev kwaba yi-duel, kepha khona-ke abangane bangaphambili babenqamula kulo msebenzi.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila komlobi wanqoba ukudangala. Wazizwa enesizungu futhi engenasizotha. Ngesinye isikhathi ngangifuna ukuhlala enoveli entsha, kodwa ngaphonsa, ngoba ngaqamba kancane. UGoncharov waqhubeka nokukhiqiza izindatshana ezibucayi ezincwadini.
NgoSeptemba 12, 1891, umbhali wawubanda. Lesi sifo sakhula ngokushesha nangemva kwezinsuku ezintathu umbhali wabulawa ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Ifa lika-Ivan u-Alexandrovich laqonda umndeni wayo.
Ngokuhlonipha i-classic, emigwaqweni eMoscow, ePhenza, uSaransk, uCheboksary, simfelopol nakwamanye amadolobha aqanjwe igama. E-Ulyanovsk nase-DimitrovGrad, umbhali wafakwa ezikhumbuzweni, futhi kwafakwa i-plaque yeSikhumbuzo eMarians-Lazne. Igama lale nkohliso libizwa ngokuthi iminyuziyamu, isikwele, umtapo wezincwadi zeshashalazi kanye neholide. Indunankulu ezincwadini eziqanjwe ngo-goncharov yasungulwa.
Ngo-2012, kwakhululwa uhlamvu lwemali ngesithombe seGoncharov ukuhlonipha iminyaka engama-200 yombhali. Ukujikeleza kwakungamakhophi angama-5,000.
Ngo-2012, iManga yashicilelwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "The Great of Plall Pots." Enye yamaqhawe e-comic yigama u-Ivan Goncharov. Esithombeni umlingisi uboniswa ngezinwele ezinde ezimhlophe eziya ebhahlwini, ngamehlo amancanyana, ekhaleni elibhemayo nomlomo omkhulu. Phezulu kwekhanda kuhlanganisa amabhandeshi. I-Ivan ine-Super Supervisory "evulekile".
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1838 - "I-lyhai coup"
- Ngo-1839 - "Iphutha elijabulisayo"
- Ngo-1842 - "U-Ivan Savvich Podzharbin"
- Ngo-1846 - "Umlando Ojwayelekile"
- 1858 - "Fregat" Pallada "
- Ngo-1859 - "I-Oblomov"
- Ngo-1869 - "Vula"
- Ngo-1872 - "Million Torzani"
- Ngo-1874 - "Amanothi kubuntu beBelinsky"
- Ngo-1875 - "futhi" hamlet "ngesimo saseRussia"
- Ngo-1891 - "Ukuguqulwa kwekusasa"