I-Biograge
Umphostoli uPeter - uMfoweth 'u-Andrei waqala wabiza, omunye wabafundi bakaJesu Kristu abayishumi nambili, ngokwemisindo yeSonto LamaKatolika - upapa wokuqala. Esifanekisweni sobuKristu kuboniswa unogada wePharadesi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Akuwona wonke amaqiniso e-biography wobuntu bomlando abaziwa ngokuthi yiNdodakazi. Ngakho-ke mayelana nosuku lokuzalwa komphostoli uPeter ungaqagela nje. Kepha emasiko amaVangeli, inkomba yale ndawo yagcinwa lapho abangcwele - uValisaid Galilee, idolobhana elisendaweni encane yasePalestine. Isifunda saseGalile saqhubeka kunabo bonke abavela eJerusalema. Bekunobuhedeni kakhulu ensimini yalo, kamuva eyaba umhlambi wokuqala kaPeter.
Ekuzalweni, umphostoli wamukele igama elithi Simoni. Igama likaPeter, elivela kwisiGreki elihumushela njenge "Stone", elibizwa ngokuthi nguJesu ngokuzinikela okukhethekile, okulimo okusikisela kumlandeli ofanele wokufundisa isisekelo sebandla.
UPhetro wayeshade nomshana womphostoli uBarnaba, indodakazi nendodana nendodana yakhe. Ngithole umsebenzi olula futhi ongazinzi - ngabamba izinhlanzi eGennisret Lake. Umsebenzi ongazange alethe imali eningi efuna ukukhuthazela nokubekezela.
EVangelini likaMathewu nasekuJohane, izindaba ezahlukahlukene zendlela uPeter wahlangana ngayo noJesu futhi wakholwa ekufundiseni kwakhe.
Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, umzalwane u-Andrei waletha kuJesu Simon, owaba umfundi wakwaJohane uMbhapathizi futhi wafunda kuye ngoMesiya. UJesu, ebuka uSimon, wambiza ngokuthi uKifoy (Aramaic - Itshe ", Peter - Greek). Itshe - ngokoqobo ukholo esontweni lwakhiwe ngalo.
Ngokukanye, iNkosi yathola abafowethu ngesikhathi edoba, ogwini lwechibi, yaphendukela kubo ngamazwi:
"Ngilandele. Ngizokukwenza ube ama-cathers. "UJesu wakhombisa incazelo ejulile yegama ngokugcwala emaphethelweni enhlanzi yesikejana uPeter no-Andrei.
Abaphenyi ababoni ukuphikisana phakathi kokulandisa okubili. Bakholelwa ukuthi uMathewu ubheke ezimpilweni zabantu abavamile abasebenza kanzima. Ngenkathi uJohn egcizelela ukuthi ingokomoya lakhe lalingafani nomhlangano kanye neNkosi, lalalela izintshumayelo futhi zalungiselela ukuza kukaMesiya.
INkonzo YobuKristu
UPeter akazange abhuleze ngokushesha nenkonzo yabaphostoli, engabaza eyakhe amathuba namandla eNkosi. Kuvezwa imibhalo eNgcwele njengomuntu olula, ngokuthanda kwabo nobuthakathaka babo. Ngothando nokuzinikela, uJesu Kristu wavumela uPhetro kaningi kakhulu kunabanye, ukubakhombisa.
ISt. Peter ukuphela kwabafundi abayifundile iNkosi uJesu Kristu, owadabula ulwandle, eyayingena emanzini, kodwa yawungangabaza usizo lukaNkulunkulu, kodwa yasindiswa yiNkosi omklotime naye eMalivia.
Lapho uJesu ebikezela ukuhlupheka okuzayo, uPhetro wamisa futhi lapha, ethi akunakwenzeka. Umphostoli wancenga uKrestu ukuba alahle ukumiswa, okwabizwa ngokuthi "isilingo noSathane" wawo "ngawo, njengoba ecabanga ukuthi" hhayi ngeqiniso lokuthi uNkulunkulu, kodwa lowo muntu. " USanta uPeter wamlalela okukhulunywa ngaye futhi nokho akazange ashiye uKristu.
UPitrosi, yize ayevame ukuvumela umoya wokuhlukumeza athathe phezulu, wayehlala esondele, kanye nabaphostoli uJohn noJakobe, umjikelezo olinganiswayo wabafundi. UJesu wanikezela uPhetro ezinsikeni ezinkulu zempilo yakhe. Lo mphostoli wabona inkazimulo yaphezulu entabeni, imikhuleko engadini yengadi, amandla aphezulu ovukweni lukaKristu indodakazi kaJayire.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPetru waba ukuphela komuntu, lapho umbuzo kaJesu, abafundi abambheka ngayo, ukuthi bangabafundela abanye, abangabazi nokulibala, baphendula bathi: "UnguKristu," ukhuluma ngoKristu, wakhipha induna yokuyikisela icala lokukholwa.
Ukuguqulwa kwendlela empilweni yaseSt. Peter, futhi ukuphela komuntu wabaphostoli, kwakuwukudalulwa kweminyaka emithathu ukusuka eNdodaneni kaNkulunkulu. Ngemuva kokukhaphela kwaJuda, uJesu waboshwa waphenywa ngemibuzo endlini yompristi ophakeme. Abantu abathathu abavela ezincekwini babona lo mphostoli bathi ungomunye wabafundi bakaKristu. UPeter, wethukile, ngempilo yakhe, waphendula zonke izimo ezishiwo ukuthi wayengajwayelene noJesu. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwazwakala iqhude leqhude, uSanta wakhumbula isiprofetho sikathisha futhi izinyembezi zaphuma endlini, zikhuphuka kakhulu ngesenzo.
Ezinye izazi zemfundiso yenkolo, ukusabela komphostoli ngamazwi ezinceku kuhunyushwa njengokubonakaliswa kobuthakathaka bomoya womuntu, kanye nezwi likaNkulunkulu, elinganikezi njalo ubumsulwa bukanembeza.
Esibonelweni sakhe uqobo, owokuqala wabaphostoli wabona ukuthi kulula kanjani ukuba ngowokugcina. Kepha uJehova wamthethelela umfundi othandekayo lapho naye ephenduka kathathu, ebuyiselwa esimweni sabaphostoli futhi waphathisa umhlambi, ngamanye amazwi - ukufundisa abantu bokholo lobuKristu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKristu, owayenesono esingathi sína, wavuma izihluthulelo zombuso wezulu, wenza umlamuleli phakathi kwabantu noNkulunkulu, enikeze ilungelo lokunquma imiphefumulo kabani efanele ukufika lapho. Ngakho-ke, kugcizelelwa ukuthi ngokuphenduka, iqiniso liyafundwa kanye namasango ePharadesi.
Ngemuva kovuko olumangalisayo, okokuqala uKristu kwakunguPeter. Ngemuva kokukhuphuka koMsindisi, uPetru, njengenhloko phakathi kwabaphostoli, waba nguthisha wokuqala kanye nomshumayeli weZwi likaNkulunkulu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ungcwele wakuqonda kahle ukuthi ngenxa yothando nokholo kwakudingeka azole nokuphila, ukubethelwa kweNdodana kaNkulunkulu, okwakubonayo - isibonelo esicacile. Ukufela ukholo kwakunguhlobo lwesimo somphostoli. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, uPetru wathola amandla ayisimangaliso, afana nalowo ovelele kuthisha wakhe.
Ngemuva kwemicimbi yePentekosti engcwele, kanye kanye nabanye abafundi, uPhetro wamukela umusa womoya ongcwele, umphostoli waqala inkonzo. Ngenxa yezintshumayelo zakhe zokuqala, abantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu bajoyina umphakathi wamaKristu.
Waphenduka umshumayeli oqinile futhi ongenangqondo wemfundiso yeVangeli, waqala ukukhombisa izimangaliso: umbhangqwana oshadile wase-Anani noSafire ababulawa egameni ukuthola amanga kanye ne-abrant, wavusa intombazane egama linguThabiff, ahlangane neThempeli le-Chrome, abuyisele ithuba lokuya.
Ngisho nesithunzi soNgcwele: Lapho lo mphostoli ewela emgwaqweni, iziguli zisuswa ezindlini ukuze isithunzi siwe kubo saphulukiswa. Lapho, ngokuhleleka kwenkosi, ingelosi yafika ejele, ingelosi yeza ebusuku yakhulula umphostoli kusukela esiphethweni.
Ekuqaleni uPhetro washumayela phakathi kwamaJuda. Kepha isambulo saya kumphostoli, kwafika abantu ngendaba emangalisayo yokuthi ingelosi yeza ePagani eyodwa yayalwa ukuba isimema uSimoni, ebizwa ngokuthi uPhetro.
"Uzosho amagama ozosindiswa kanye nendlu yakho yonke."Izindaba zasabelo zabelana nabanye abaphostoli, ezambheka njengesibonakaliso sokuthi ukuyobe nokukholwa kuKristu akukhona kumaJuda kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amaqaba. UPagan wokuqala obhajadisiwe wayenguSotnilius waseRoma namalungu omndeni wakhe.
Noma kunjalo, kamuva umphostoli uPawulu wathi "waphathiswa ukushumayela ubuvangeli kwangasokile njengoPhetro osoka." Kwacatshangelwa ukuthi uPhetro, oholele eGalile, kwakunzima ezilimini zakwamanye amazwe, ezakhulunywa abamele abantu abahlukahlukene abahlala empumalanga yeMedithera. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ukudluliswa kwecala ebuKristwini akuwona amaJuda - umsebenzi kaPawulu.
Izazi-mlando zesonto ziba nabaphostoli abayisithupha uPetru Phetro. Umphostoli washumayela eJudiya naseSamariya (eWhed Bank yaseNtshonalanga yoMfula iJordani), iSyria ne-Antiyokiya (igama elithi "igama elithi" amaKhristu "lavela lapha, endaweni yaseGrisi, eBabele, eBhidloni. Abafundi abathembekile kunabo bonke abangamaPyotr bahlanzwa ngababhishobhi.
Inganekwane ithi, eshiya iJerusalema, umphostoli wayehlala edolobheni langaPhakade iminyaka engamashumi amabili, lapho ahola khona ibandla. Ukuba seRoma, uSanta Pity wahlukaniswa isondo leSimon, hhayi ngenhliziyo emsulwa yobhapathizo lokutholwa futhi walukhipha kuKristu. Esingeniso kanye ne-mini-chengi enkulu, izenzo zokuthi uSimoni noPhetro zichazwe ebufakazini bamandla abo. Ngosizo lomkhuleko, uMphostoli uKristu waphakamisa le nsizwa ngokulandelana kwayo, uSimoni wakwazi ukumphoqa ukuthi aguqule ikhanda.
Njengoba kuqondiswe olimini olungcwele olungcwele, inja yayicacile. Lapho-ke uSimoni, esongela abantu baseRoma, wathembisa ukukhulisa isibhakabhaka futhi wakwenza ngosizo lwamandla amademoni. UPhetro wafaka isicelo sosizo kuJesu, ethandazela ukuthi amademoni ashiye umoya. USimon wawa waphuka. Kanye nezakhamizi zaseRoma, ezabona le micimbi, bakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ongashadile oshunyayelwa nguPhetro.
Emibhalweni eya kubaguquli, abangcwele bahlolwe ukuthi bangasabi izinsongo, hhayi ukulahla amacala obuKhrestu emculweni wamaqaba, badalule abaprofethi bamanga abangaziqondi imigomo yenkululeko yobuKristu futhi baphike umnyombo woMsindisi .
Izintshumayelo zaseSt. Peter azimane zibonisane, kepha imiyalo ekhonkolo eyayichazwe ngolimi olufanayo. Umphostoli ubiza inhlonipho ukuze ahloniphe, ukuba athande ukusondela, ngoba uthando luyaqhubeka nezono, wesaba uNkulunkulu, hhayi ukungenengela komunye umuntu.
"Ukube nje abanye kini, njengombulali, noma isela, noma isela, noma njengelokungathathina, noma njengokungena; Futhi uma njengomKristu, khona-ke ungahlangene, kepha khazimulisa uNkulunkulu ngekusasa elinjalo. "Kakade iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili, ebhekisa kwimikhuleko ezithombeni zomphostoli uPeter, abantu bacelwa ukuba bulukhuni okholweni, mayelana nokubuyela kwiLONdo esontweni, ukusiza nokwelashwa ezifweni.
Ukushona
IRoma yaba yindawo yokugcina yokuphila komphostoli uPhetro. Ngeqiniso lokuthi ukufa kulindele ingelosi eNgcwele, futhi uPhetro wabona izindaba ngokubonga. Ngosizo lomphostoli kuKristu, izancinza eziyintandokazi zoMbusi uNero ziyacatshangelwa futhi zanquma ukwenza impilo emsulwa. Ngokuhleleka kombusi wamaRoma uPeter wabamba.
Umphostoli wancenga umphangi ukuba asethele ebhekele ikhanda lakhe, ngoba wazibheka engafanele ukuba afe njengeNdodana kaNkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke, ukubethelwa okuhlanekezelwe kubizwa ngokuthi iPetrovsky Cross. Usuku olulinganisiwe lokufa koSanta - Juni 29 ngekhalenda likaJulian. USanta Peter wangcwatshwa emthambekeni weVatican Hill nomfundi we-roman clitime.
Le ndaba igcinwe, okuyinto, ngaphambi kokuthi ungene ezandleni zabaseRoma, uPetru wayehlose ukushiya lo muzi, kodwa endleleni okwakukhona ngombono kaKristu. Umphostoli wabuza ukuthi ulibangisephi, wathola impendulo lapho uMsindisi uya eRoma ukuyophinda futhi amnikeze. UPhetro wayenamahloni futhi ebuya.
Isonto lama-Orthodox laseRussia, usuku lwePetrov luwe ngoJulayi 12. Izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zibanjwa emasontweni: Ngosuku olwandulela - ubusuku bonke, ekuseni - Liturgy. Labo abafisayo beza kwizimfihlo zikaKristu. Ngalolu suku, i-Petrovsky Guliagy yaqala ngalolu suku, ngaphezu kosuku lwenkumbulo, uPeter noPavel Ryabinniki bahlonishwa ngoSepthemba 23.
Ukukhumbula
- 1511-1514 - URafayeli, "Uyamangaza Kumphostoli Phetro kusuka eTomnov"
- 1592 - U-El Greco, "abaphostoli uPeter noPaul"
- 1601 - UCaravaggio, "Ukubethelwa KweSt Peter"
- 1610-1612 - Rubens, "Umphostoli Peter"
- 1626 - Isonto likaSt. Peter eRoma
- 1703 - Idolobha laseSt. Petersburg ("St Peter")
- 1732 - Isonto likaPeter kaPeter noPaul eSt. Petersburg
- 1762 - UGabriel Kozlov, "Umphostoli Peter uphindiselwa emuva kuKristu"
- 1888 - Isonto Lompostoli uPeter eJaffa (Israel)
- 1910 - Nikolai Gumilev, "Isango Lepharadesi"
- Ngo-1962 - Cathedral of Nunoike (Japan)
- 1990 - I-Washington Cathedral (Cathedral of Saints Peter noPaul)