I-Biograge
Ngezinsuku ezinzima, abantu baphendukela esontweni naNkulunkulu ngesicelo sosizo. Omunye wabangcwele, esithombeni sazo izakhamizi, nguJohn Kronstadt.
Umshumayeli wesikhathi esizayo wazalelwa ekwindla, ngo-Okthoba 19, ngo-1829, edolobhaneni laseSura. Lapho bezalwa, kwaqanjwa igama elithi u-Ivan Iring. Kwakunabaphristi abaningi emndenini. Ubaba u-Ilya Mikhailovich wakhonza njenge-Dyachkom Nikolskaya Church yedolobhana laseSura. Umama kaTheodore vaselsan wakhulelwa okholweni kuNkulunkulu. Emshadweni wabeletha izingane eziyisithupha, lapho kuphela ezintathu zasinda.
Kubuntwana, uJohane wayevame ukugula, ngakho-ke abazali bakuqala ukuba bahlangane. Ngemuva kwesiko elingcwele, ingane yabopha kancane kancane. Eminyakeni yonyaka wabona isimangaliso. Lapho uJohane esebonile endlini yengelosi, owaqinisekisa ingane futhi wathembisa ukuqapha umfana kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe.
Ngehora lesithupha uYenan, uJohn wafunda ukufunda, futhi kamuva kwaqala ukutadisha imiBhalo ngokuzimela. Lo mndeni wawuphila kabi, kepha wakwazi ukuqongelela imali kubantu abasha. Ngenxa yalokho, waya esikoleni sase-Arkhangelsk Parish School. Ngemuva kokuphothula isikhungo semfundo, ngashintshelwa kwabeSikole.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uBaba kaJohane washiya impilo yakhe. Insizwa yayicabanga ngemuva kwesikhashana ukuthola indawo yedikoni noma i-psuller, kepha umama wayengafuni ukuthi iNdodana ihlale ngaphandle kwemfundo ephakeme.
Ngo-1851, uJohn wangena eSt Petersburg Theological Academy. Lapha uJohn wafundela i-akhawunti yecala. Kodwa ukungashiyi umama ngaphandle kwempilo, ngahamba ngokufana ehhovisi futhi ngithumele imali etholwayo ekhaya.
Ngo-1855, le nsizwa yashiya izindonga ze-Academy, isithole iziqu zenkolo yezenkolo. Lapho-ke abaphothumi abasebasha banikezwa indawo yompristi eKronstadt Andrevskyy Cathedral. Kamuva waba idikoni.
Lapho uJohn engena esontweni laseCathedral, wabe eseka ekusukeni. Kwakuyithempeli ayelibone umpristi enkulisa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, wayehlala eKronstadt, futhi ngokushesha abantu bakhohliwe isibongo somshumayeli, ebizela uYise uJohn Kronstadt. Ubaba ngokwakhe kungenzeka ukuthi abhalise egameni lesibili.
Ngcwele yawela
I-biography yomfundisi kaJohane yaqala ngaleso sikhathi somlando lapho amakholwa ambalwa ayesele. Ekuqaleni, umshumayeli wayifihla indlela yokuphila. Kepha wayesemithandazweni eposini futhi engakhathali kuNkulunkulu.
Idayari yompristi "impilo yami kuKristu" iyibufakazi obucacile bokuba khona kokwaneleyo kaJohn Kronstadt. Ngokusho kwamarekhodi kuyacaca ukuthi ummangaliso wesikhathi esizayo walwa nemicabango yesono futhi wabona nsuku zonke imfucumfucu yaphezulu.
I-Kronstadt ngaleso sikhathi yaba yindawo yokuxoshwa izakhamizi ezinecala. Kwakukhona ukugcinwa okuningi edolobheni, kuthola abahola emachwebeni nasekuhlanyiselwe eDugout. Ukuhlambalaza kanye nokungabonakali kwakhula, akuphephile ukuhamba emigwaqweni.
Kepha kulaba bantu uJohane wabona ithemba. Wahamba ezindlini zonke izinsuku, wasiza, ukwedlula indlela ayengayenza, wanikeza owokugcina. Kwesinye isikhathi umpristi wabuyela ekhaya engenabo ebhuthini. Umshumayeli wothando lwakhe lwabefundisi waguqula "uBosiaki" ewile kubantu. Futhi baphendula ngokuvulwa kobungcwele bukaJohn Kronstadt.
Ekuqaleni, abantu bebengakholelwa emicabangweni emsulwa kaBaba osemusha, wahleka ubaba ongcwele. Ubuholi be-diocesan ngisho nesikhathi esithile akazange akhiphe uJohane umholo, njengoba anikela ngemali kwabampofu. Kepha umalusi wadlulisela ngesibindi ukuhleka usulu futhi ehlanjalazwa ohlangothini lwakhe. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, akekho owaba nesibindi sokungabaza ubuqiniso bezenzo zikaBatyushki.
Ngokushesha, uJohn wavula isipho. Amaqiniso ezimangaliso ezenziwa umpristi, abezifisayo, abazinikele umpristi, oqinisekisa amandla omkhuleko wongcwele asala. Ngesinye isikhathi kuBaba, beza ukwelapha isiguli. Njengomkhuba othandaza kuNkulunkulu ngakho-ke wayigcwalisa intando yakhe.
Kepha kungazelelwe ugogo weza kuJohane wacela uBaba ukuba athandazele ukululama. Okokuqala, umshumayeli wathukuthela ngokulandelana okunjalo, kodwa wabe esezama. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli salulama. Ngemuva kwalokho u-Ioanna weza nesicelo esifanayo, futhi futhi umkhuleko wezwakala. Ngokwezenzo ezinjalo, uYise wabona intando yeNkosi futhi waqala ukuthandazela labo ababuza ngakho.
Ngokomthandazo kaYise kaJohane, izimangaliso ezinkulu zazenziwa. Zenzeka ngemuva kokufa kosanta. OFakazi bathi ngemuva kokukhanga isithonjana se-IOANA, izimpumputhe. Endaweni eyahlushwa isomiso, ngemuva kokukhuleka kosolwa, kwakunemvula.
Izicelo zosizo kuJohane zisebenza kude. Kwanele ukuthumela incwadi eya egameni likababa noma nge-telegraph. Ubaba uJohane waphatha hhayi kuphela amakholwa ama-Orthodox. AmaJuda namaSulumane, nezinye izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe zeza kumshumayeli.
Mayelana nesipho sikaJohane safunda yonke iRussia. Ekuqaleni, uBaba waya ekhaya wacela usizo, kwabe sekufika abantu kosanta. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-Kronstadt yathumela imali ekuphathweni. Akunakwenzeka ukubala ukuthi kungakanani imali edlula ezandleni zomalusi, ngoba ngokushesha wanikeza izindlela kulabo abadinga usizo.
Ngokusho kwemininingwane eseduze, wathola okungenani ama-ruble ayisigidi ngonyaka. Ngenxa yenhlanganopha, ubaba walwa ngabampofu, wadalwa eKronstadt ukusungulwa kwendlu yokuzikhandla. Emgodini wendabuko kwasungula isidumbu sowesifazane futhi kwakha ithempeli. ESt. Petersburg nakho kwakha isigodlo sezindela sesifazane.
Ngeshwa, izakhamizi zaseKronstadt, izazi zemfundiso yenkolo engxenyeni yesibili yempilo yakhe, ziqeda ukufundisa esikoleni sedolobha nasezindaweni zokuzivocavoca. Izifundo zikababa kwakuyintokozo. Akazange asebenzise izinhlawulo futhi azange azazise abafundi. Ubaba uJohane washumayela, watshela, waholela ngemuva kwakhe, wenza amantombazane nabafana bangcono. Kepha i-abbot yashiya lokhu okuthunyelwe.
Inkazimulo ewile kuJohane Kronstadt yaba nzima kuye. Nomaphi lapho eza, izimbungulu zazizungezwe ucezu. Ubunzima badalwe lapho behamba nokusongelwa kokuphepha.
Ngo-1890, uBaba uJohane waba nenkonzo eKharkov Cathedral. Igumbi alizange libambe bonke abafikayo. Ngenxa yalokho, wenza umthandazo esigcawini saseCathedral. Ngokwemininingwane ethile, abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisithupha babuthana esigcawini.
Ngo-Okthoba 1894, uJohn wafika kuMbusi ofayo u-Alexander III. Ewashi lokugcina, impilo yombusi yabeka izandla zakhe ekhanda loMbusi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthandwa kukababa kwafika ekukhuleni okungakaze kubonwe. UJohn wabamba iqhaza ekubhukwini okungcwele kukaNicholas II.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umshumayeli waqala ukuthatha izingubo ezithandekayo njengesipho. Kwakubeka ubaba osecaleni. Kepha uBhethele uJohane wazithatha izembatho zokungakhubeki umnikelo. Akashiyanga iminikelo, kodwa waqhubeka nokuchitha endala.
Ubaba uJohane wagxeka inguquko eyenzeka. Izimbangela zezenzakalo zezepolitiki zibhekele ukuhlambalaza kanye nokubona okufushane kombusi. UBatyushka wayengumuntu odumile we-songriaty eRussia. Wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe- "Union of the Russian People". Ngo-1907, abefundisi bakhetha ilungu laphakade lenyunyana. Ibhubesi ligxekile uNikolayevich Tolstoy. Umshumayeli wayekholelwa ukuthi umlobi wenqaba imfundiso mayelana nobuntu bukaKristu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ekupheleni kwe-Academy, uJohn wanikezwa ukuthatha indodakazi ka-Abbot waseKronstadt Cathedral - Elizabeth Konstantinovna. Wavuma, kepha umshado wawungamampunge. Umshado wawudingwa nguYise ukumboza izindaba zokwelusa. Abashadikazi bahola impilo emsulwa futhi bahlala intombi kuze kube sekufeni. Babephathana njengomfowethu nodadewethu.
Abalingani bakhulisa odadewethu ababili baka-Elizabeth.
Ubaba uJohane emarekhodini somuntu siqu waveza ukuthi unkosikazi selokhu abonisa umhawu, ubutha, futhi kwesinye isikhathi futhi wayedelela umyeni wakhe. Eminyakeni yokugcina ka-Elizabethe, u-Elizabethe wagula kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, esephelelwe izinyawo.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kokuphila, uJohn Kronstadt wabonakala isipho sokubona kusengaphambili. Wabikezela usuku lokufa kwakhe. UBatyushka waxwayisa ukuthi izikhathi ezinzima zizofika zeRussia, lapho abantu beyithatha inkosi nababusi bayofika amandla. Bazogcwalisa umhlaba wabo wendabuko ngegazi.
Isikhathi sokuqala saze sagula kakhulu ngo-1904. Ngo-1905, ngesicelo sikaBatyushki phezu kwakhe walungisa. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kwahlushwa isifo se-urinary bubble. NgoDisemba 9, ngo-1908 wenza i-Livide Idotigium yokugcina. UJohn Kronstadt udlulile kusukela empilweni ngoDisemba 20, 1908. Emngcwabeni kwakukhona isixuku sabantu abalilayo. Umngcwabo wahambisana namabutho.
Ngenxa kaJohn Kronstadt wayekholelwa empilweni, nangemva kokufa. Kuze kube namuhla, abantu abavela emadolobheni ahlukahlukene beza ezinhlakeni zommangali abamangazayo.
NgoNovemba 1950, okokuqala ngqa kuphakamisa impikiswano yokuba yi-canonization kaJohn Kronstadt. Ngo-June 1964, uBaba uJohane wabalwa ukuba abhekene nosanta. Ngo-2008, u-Akathist olungile olungile, uJohn StadTadt, ummangaliso wavunywa.
Ukukhumbula
- Kuthunyelwe ngu-Akathotist kwi-latch elungile yase-Artemia Verkol.
- Ngo-1894 - "Impilo yami kuKristu, noma imizuzu yesampula engokomoya nokucabanga okuhlonishwayo, ukulungiswa okungokomoya nokuthula kuNkulunkulu"
- 1890-1894 - "Imisebenzi egcwele ephelele"
- Ngo-1896 - "EBliss of Evangelical"
- Ngo-1896 - "Izingxoxo NgoMdali KaNkulunkulu Nesembozo Sezwe"
- Ngo-1899 - "Imicabango mayelana nezinto ezahlukahlukene zokholo nokuziphatha"
- 1897-1898 - "Amagama nezimfundiso ezishiwo ngo-1896, 1897 no-1898"
- Ngo-1898 - "Amagama ambalwa ekulahlekelweni kokuhlangana kwamanga kwe-Count L. N. Tolstoy"
- Ngo-1899 - Iqiniso NgoNkulunkulu, Ukuthula nendoda "
- Ngo-1900 - "Ulwazi NoNkulunkulu Nolwazi Lwatholakala Kusipiliyoni"
- 1900 - "Iqiniso ngoNkulunkulu, ngebandla, mayelana nezwe nangomphefumulo womuntu. Kusuka kudayari entsha. Ukucabanga kwe-Orthodox Christian "
- Ngo-1901 - "" Imicabango Evundile Ngezulu Nasemhlabeni "
- Ngo-1902 - "Igama elithi" Eashangeli Elula Abantu Russian "
- Ngo-1902 - "Ifilosofi YobuKristu"
- Ngo-1905 - "Imicabango kaChristian"
- Ngo-1905 - "Indlela eya kuNkulunkulu"
- Ngo-1905 - "Ukucatshangelwa Nemizwa Yomphefumlo WobuKristu"