I-Biograge
Umphostoli u-Andrey ungumbukiso wokuqala - owokuqala wabaphostoli abayishumi nambili, owaba ngumfundi kaJesu Kristu. Ezithonjeni ziboniswa njengendoda enentshebe encane ngezingubo ezibomvu noma eziluhlaza, zibambe ezandleni zesiphambano esiqondile noma esinamahloni, kanye nomqulu noma incwadi. Ngegama lakhe, igama elithi "norereevsky cross" lixhunyiwe, elihlangana kumafulegi nezinye izibonakaliso. Igama lakhe liyamiswa nguPeter I, umklomelo ophakeme kakhulu waseRussia - umyalo kaSt. Andrew okuthiwa okuqala.
Kubhekwa njengongcwele wabadobi kanye nabadobi. Ifulegi lase-Andreevsky (i-Oblique Blue Cross nge-White Background) yisibhengezo sempi yeRussia Federation. Isonto lama-Orthodox ligubha usuku lomphostoli 13 Disemba. Emathempelini anikezelwe ku-Andrey okuthiwa okokuqala, ngalolu suku kubanjwa ukukhulekelwa kwemikhosi. Abantu base-Andreev bagujwa ngoNovemba 30, leli ngelinye lamaholide okuqala ngomjikelezo wasebusika.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography yomphostoli yalungiswa eBhayibhelini ithi umfowabo ka-Andreyi noSimoni wazalwa, wakhulela eWetisaid ogwini lolwandle lwaseGalile, ubaba wabo wayengumdobi ogama lakhe lingu-Ion. Abadobi abancane bathuthela edolobheni elingumakhelwane laseKapernawume, basuka lapho ngomkhumbi basuka olwandle (empeleni yichibi elikhulu lamanzi acwebile) kwezokudoba.
Kusukela eminyakeni emisha, u-Andrei wayefuna indlela eya kuNkulunkulu. Wenqabile ukushada futhi wahola impilo emsulwa. Ngenkathi uJohane uMbhapathizi eqala ukuprofeta mayelana nokufika kukaMesiya ngokushesha, le nsizwa yaphuma endlini yafika engcwele. Esetholwe ubhapathizo eJordani, u-Andrei wasala noJohane wathatha indawo embuthanweni wabafundi bakhe abaseduze, walalela izintshumayelo walinda ukubonakala koMsindisi.
Ngokusho kweVangeli likaJohane, u-Andrei noJesu kwenzeka eJordani. UMsindisi weza kuJohane uMzabetheli, owabiza iWundlu likaNkulunkulu nhlobo. Emva kwalokho, u-Andrei wasuka eBaptist futhi waba ngumfundi wokuqala kaKristu. Kamuva wabuyela eKapernawume futhi waqiniseka umfowabo ukuba ahlanganyele nabaphostoli.
EVangelini likaMathewu, kulotshiwe ukuthi uthisha ngokwakhe wathola abafundi besikhathi esizayo lapho bephonsa amanethiwekhi okudoba. UJesu wabiza abazalwane ngokuthembisa ukubaphendulela ukuba babe "ababambi abantu". U-Andrei noSimon bamenyiwe futhi bashiya uJesu, abathola kuye uSimon, no-Andreri babhekiselwa kubo igama lokuqala.
Ngokungafani noPeter, u-Andrei akazange avelele endizeni yabaphostoli enamagama aphezulu nezenzo ezibukhali, kodwa angena ekubhaleni njengomuntu onakayo. Ngaphambi kwePhasika, lapho kudingeka ukondla isixuku, kwakungu-Andrei owabona umfana obona umfana owayenezinkwa ezinhlanu nezinhlanzi ezimbili, ezaziphindwe ngokuyisimangaliso nangokumangala nabantu abalambile nabahluthulelo. Waphendula umbuzo wabahedeni, ababefuna eJerusalema baloNkulunkulu.
IVangeli likaMarku litshela ukuthi uSanta u-Andrei wayenothisha eNtabeni i-EleonSkaya futhi wathola isiphetho sezwe kuye. Umfundi othembekile waya ebethelwe nguKristu, ukuvuswa kwakhe nokukhuphuka. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50 ngemuva kovuko, abaphostoli bancipha umoya ongcwele futhi bathola amakhono angaphezu kwawomuntu. Manje base bekwazi ukuphulukisa abantu ekufeni nasekushumayeleni ngezilimi ezahlukene.
INkonzo YobuKristu
Abaphostoli baphonsa inkatho ngokukhetha indlela yendlela eyengeziwe. Ungcwele u-Andrey wawela umgwaqo waya emazweni alele ogwini lolwandle olumnyama. Cishe kuyo yonke indawo, lapho umshumayeli aletha khona izindaba ezinhle, wahlangana naye ngokubhala. Iziphathimandla zaxoshwa kosanta emadolobheni, inani labantu licasukile futhi alivumanga ubusuku. ESininop, amaqaba agcizelele umKristu ahlukunyezwa ngokuhlukunyezwa okunesihluku, kepha isidumbu sika-Andreri sika-Andrei saphiliswa yintando kaNkulunkulu.
Ekugcineni, edolobheni laseBracia laseByzantia, izindaba nezimangaliso zombono ongcwele wabantu. Esikhungweni esizayo sobuKristu basempumalanga, lo mphostoli uthole abafundi abangama-70 futhi wasungula isonto, elalibhekwa nguBushop wokuqala noRerey umbhishobhi wokuqala. U-Andrei wamisa ama-prosbys esonto, wabayala ukuba benze ama-Salamenti futhi bafundise abantu, yena uqobo waqhubeka.
Umshumayeli akazange aphulukise kuphela umzimba wakhe, kodwa futhi wavusa abafileyo. Umfana one ungahlelwanga amagama namadoda amabili ashonile ezizathu ezihlukile kukhulunywa ngawo empilweni kasanta. Isimangaliso sovuko saholela njalo ekubhapathizweni koFakazi kwalo mcimbi. Kumphostoli wakwaFaloniki wazama ukukhulisa izilo zasendle, kodwa ingwe esikhundleni sosanta waklebhula indodana kaVusina ongu-protula. Umkhuleko omude noreri wabuyisa ingane ekuphileni.
EPhatra, umphostoli wavusa ama-dress angamashumi amane, athunyelwa kuye evela eMakedoniya. Umkhumbi wabafundi besikhathi esizayo sika-Andrehi waphenduka ngesikhathi sesiphepho, kepha ulwandle lwenza yonke imizimba agwini nabonga ngamandla omthandazo osangongcwele, konke kwaphela kahle. Le ndaba ichaza ukukhulekelwa kukaSt. Andrew njengomvikeli wasolwandle. Edolobheni laseGeorgia lase-Azkuri, ukuvuka okukodwa kwakwanele ukwelashwa kwezakhamizi ebuKristwini.
Izazi-mlando zobuKristu zasigcwalisa ukulandisa kwevangeli ngezinhlobo zawo zoMshumayeli Wokuhamba. U-Eusevia Caesarian wabhala ngoMnyango we-Andrei eScythia. Ngo-1116, iMonk Sylvester ngemiyalo kaVladimir Momakh ifaka phakathi inganekwane yomsebenzi ka-Andrei nowokuqala obizwa ngokuthi yiRussia eRussia eSukwini ".
Kamuva, laba baphilayo banikezwa le ndaba eningiliziwe ngohambo lweNgcwele yeCrimea eRoma ngeLadoga ngeRoma. Ngokusho kwale nguqulo, u-Andrei wasukuma i-Dnieper futhi, eseqe emagqumeni amahle, wabona idolobha elikhulu elinamasonto ephusheni. Ngakusasa ekuseni ngitshelwe ngaleli phupho kubangane bakhe, ngibikezela isisekelo endaweni yeKiev, ubusise amagquma wasikhuphula isiphambano komunye wabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okhathele ngendlela umphostoli abunjwe ngayo emathwele e-Novgorod, kamuva eyatshela abangane bakhe eRoma. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, i-Legend yavele yathola imininingwane: mayelana nokwakhiwa kwesiphambano sokhuni esiseduze kwedolobha laseGeorgia emabhange eVolkhov nase-Peren veles kanye nokusakazwa kwe Owayengubapristi bangaphambili ubuKristu. Yiba yilokho njengoba kungenzeka, izakhamizi zase-Ukraine naseRussia zizodumisa u-Andrew oNgcwele wabafundisi bazo.
Ukushona
Lo mphostoli wavuma ukufela ukholo edolobheni lamaGrikhi laseThatras ezungeze ama-67 ekhulu lokuqala. Kuleli dolobha, uSt. Andrei wahlala iminyaka eminingana, eshumayela futhi ehola umphakathi wobuKristu. I-gradar egeaty yacabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wamaKristu ubukela phansi amandla akhe, futhi wayala ukwenziwa komshumayeli onamandla esiphambanweni. Uma kucatshangelwa izifiso zoSanta ezibheka njengezingafaneleki ukuzilingisa ukufa kukaJesu, kwakhethwa isibhamu ukuba siye kuleli thuluzi, ngemuva kwalokho sabiza u-Andreevsky.
U-Andrei wokuqala obizwa ngokuthi akazange angqongqoze esiphambanweni, kepha wabopha izandla nemilenze emgodini. Izinsuku ezimbili umphostoli washumayeza abafundi bakhe esiphambanweni. Abalaleli bafuna ukuyeka ukuhlukunyezwa, basongele umbhikisho, futhi i-EGEOKE yayala ukuthi abaqaphi bathule umfel 'ukholo. Kodwa-ke, oNgcwele usuvele usungule ukuthi uzokufa futhi izindawo zokufunda azizange zinqotshwe imizamo yamasosha. Lapho umphefumulo womphostoli ongcwele ushiya umzimba, isiphambano sakhanya ngokukhanya, bese kubathola umthombo kule ndawo.
Izingcweli zeSt Andrew kanye nesiphambano, afela kuzo, waqala ukugcinwa ezihlathini, kodwa ngombusi wamaRoma, uConstance II wathunyelwa eConstantinople wababeka eSontweni Labaphostoli abangcwele. Ngekhulu le-9, inhloko nezinsalela zesiphambano ezihlukaniswe nezingcweli zabuyela kuma-patters. Ngemuva kokuthwebula ama-Palemists ngo-1460, udokotela we-paleologist wasindisa ikhanda lezinhlayiya nezinhlayiya zesiphambano ekunciphiseni futhi wadlulisela i-strine to roman II.
Ngo-1964, i-shrine ibuyela emaphethini ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi kwePop Paul VI kanye nabamele isonto le-Elaladic Orthodox. Ikhanda elingcwele ligcinwa esontweni lase-Andrei okuthiwa okokuqala, elakhiwe ngo-1974 eduze komthombo. Esontweni elikhulu kunawo wonke ama-Orthodox eGrisi, kwafakwa futhi i-oblique cross-reliquary, lapho izinhlayiya zesiphambano, ezazisebenza njengesikhali sokufa kosanta.
Ethempelini elidala lomphostoli u-Andrei, eliseduze nesonto lesonto, ligcinwa yingxenye yomunwe womphostoli. I-shrine yethule i-patram ngo-1847 ngesiRussia Obleman Andrei Muravyev, owayeyitholile ngezindela eziseMount Athos. Wonke amandla ahlakazekile futhi agcinwe nodumo emadolobheni ahlukene aseYurophu.
Ngokwe-legend, umkhuhlane we-Greek Monk ukukhombisa ingelosi yathatha izingcezu zikaSt. Andrew eScotland. Idolobhana lapho umkhumbi weMonki uhamba khona, waphenduka idolobha laseSanta u-Androsu, owaba yinhloko-dolobha yesonto. Izingcweli zigcinwa esontweni lesonto ledolobha, futhi umphostoli u-Andreri ahlonishwa njengomvikeli weScotland.
Elinye inganekwane lithi ngo-1208, ama-crusaders athatha amandla edolobheni lase-Italy e-Amalfi, lapho agcinwa khona esontweni laseSt. Andrew, eyakhelwe esitayela saseNorman-Byzantine. EJalimane, i-sandal nezipikili esiphambanweni sesiphambano esingcwele zigcinwa eJalimane eCathedral Trier. Ingxenye yezingcweli zakwaSt. Andrew yayiseCathedral of the Italian City of Mantua.
E-Russia, kunesisekelo sabantu abangcwele u-Andrei u-Andrei aqala ukubizwa ngo-Offerity Offeren - inhlangano yomphakathi ebandakanyeka ekulethweni kwamalungu esonto lama-Orthodox laseRussia. Isisekelo minyaka yonke siletha umlilo ovundile ovela eJerusalema, uvela ezulwini ngesikhathi senkonzo yePhasika. Ngo-2011, inhlangano yaletha eRussia ibhande lentombi ebusisekile uMariya.
Ukukhumbula
- 1698 - Phetro ngasungulwa ngokuhleleka kukaSt Andrew kuqala
- 1754 - Yakhelwe Andreevssk Church eKiev
- 1865-1940 - ISonto LaseSt. Norei kokuqala okubizwa ngokuthi kanye neSt. UMariya Magdalene edolobhaneni lasePalkala
- Ngo-1899 - I-Stealer "Andrei Varozvannaya" yethulwe emanzini, umkhumbi wokuqala owakhiwe ngokukhethekile woMbuso WaseRussia
- Ngo-1906 - Kuvulwe Ibhola lezinyawo "Saint-Andrews" eBirmingham
- Ngo-1906 - Kwethulwe Emanzini adonswe ngu-Varrozvanny
- Ngo-1974 - Wakhelwe Isonto Lase-Andrei Cathedral of Oftation Okokuqala Ezofika Edolobheni LasePatronnese Peninsula
- Ngo-1991 - Izingoma ezirekhodiwe "zihamba ngamanye amanzi" amaqembu eNautilus Pompilius
- Ngo-1992 - wasungula isisekelo soSanta u-Andreli Andrei waqala wabika kuqala
- 2003 - Isikhumbuzo kuBataysk
- Ngo-2006 - Isikhumbuzo Esivuliwe EMoscow
- I-2007 - Isonto eliqinisekisiwe le-Andreev eKaliningrad
- Ngo-2008 - Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Ship Ship yezokwelapha nokukhanyiselwa kwe-Orthodox