I-Biograge
IViktor Astafiev ngumlobi odumile waseSoviet noRussia. Umnqobi wamaphrimiyamu wombuso we-USSR neRussia Federation. Ilungu le-Writers Union. Izincwadi zakhe zadluliselwa ezilimini zakwamanye amazwe futhi zanyatheliswa yizinhlobonhlobo ze-Multimillion. Ungomunye wababhali abambalwa, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, wamukelwa njenge-classic.Ubuntwana nentsha
UViktor Astafiev wazalelwa edolobhaneni lase-Oatsean eKrasnoyarsk Territory. Emndenini kaPeter atafieva noLydia bayingane yesithathu. Kuliqiniso, odadewabo ababili babuyela ebuntwaneni. Lapho uVita eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, uyise wafakwa ejele ngenxa yokuthi "kwalimala". Ukufika kuye ngosuku, umama kwadingeka adluliselwe esikebheni nge-Yenisei. Lapho nje isikebhe saphenduka, kodwa uLydia akakwazanga ukusindiswa. Wanamathela ku-scythe ye-alloy bon. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba wakhe watholakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuphela.
Umfana wakhulisa ogogo nomkhulu wakhe emugqeni womama - uKaterina Petrovna kanye ne-Ilya evgrafovich Pylishlycins. Cishe iminyaka, eyayihlala kanye nabo, yakhumbula ngemfudumalo nangomusa, kamuva wachaza ubuntwana bakhe endlini kagogo endaweni ye-autobiography "umnsalo wokugcina".
Lapho ubaba ededelwa, washada ngokwesibili. UVictor wamyisa kuye. Ngokushesha, umndeni wabo wabhema, futhi uPeter Astafiev, nonkosikazi wakhe omusha, uKole indodana noLole neVitea bathunyelwa e-Igark. Kanye nobaba wakhe, uVictor wadoba ukudoba. Kepha emva kokuphela kwesizini, uBaba wagula kakhulu wangena esibhedlela. Isinyathelo seVitya besingadingeki, bekungeke sondle ingane yomunye umuntu.
Ngenxa yalokho, wazithola esemgwaqweni, engagcinwanga. Ngokushesha wabekwa ekhaya lezintandane. Lapho, wahlangana noKhisimusi we-Ignatia. Utitjhere ngokwakhe wabhala izinkondlo futhi wakwazi ukubheka ithalente lokubhala emfana. Ngalo, i-viktor astafieva's Retaryrary Debipt yenzeka. Indaba yakhe ethi "iphila" yanyatheliswa ejenali yesikole. Kamuva, le ndaba yabizwa ngokuthi "i-vastekino lake."
Ngemuva kokuthi iBanga lesi-6 laqala ukutadisha esikoleni sokufunda sefektri-efektri, ngemuva kwalokho asebenza njenge-coupler esiteshini sesitimela nomsebenzi.
Ngo-1942, u-Astafiev waya kwivolontiya elingaphambili. Ukuqeqeshwa kwenzeka eNovosibirsk esigabeni sezimoto. Kusukela ngo-1943, umbhali wesikhathi esizayo walwa eBryansk, eVoronezh naseSteppe Phambi. Wayengumshayeli, ithelevishini kanye nobuhlakani be-artillery. Empini, uVictor wadonswa kabusha futhi walimala kaningana. Ngokufaneleka kuka-Astafeva, i-oda le-Red Star lanikezwa umyalo wenkanyezi ebomvu, futhi wanikeza nezindondo "ngesibindi", "ukuze unqobe i-poland" kanye "nokukhululeka kwePoland".
Into yokufunda
Ukubuya empini ukondla umndeni, futhi ngaleso sikhathi wayeseshade naye ukuthi wayesanda kusebenza. Bekubuye kube yinto emnyama-ephezulu, kanye nomakhenikha, nesilayishi. Usebenze ekwenzeni inyama ecubungula iwashi ne-washer CarCass. Indoda ayitholanga msebenzi. Kepha, naphezu kwempilo yangemva kwempi, isifiso sokubhala kusuka ku-atafieva asikaze sinyamalala.
Ngo-1951, wabhalisa embuthanweni wokubhala. Waphefumulelwa kakhulu ngemuva komhlangano ukuthi wabhala incwadi ethi "Indoda Ebusuku" kamuva wayihlehlisa futhi wanyathelisa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Sibiryak". Ngokushesha u-Astafieva wabona futhi wanikela ngomsebenzi ephephandabeni elithi "Chusovskaya Worker." Ngalesi sikhathi, wabhala izindaba ezingaphezu kuka-20 nezindatshana eziningi ze-Essay.
Washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala ngo-1953. Kwakuyiqoqo lezindaba, wabizwa ngokuthi "entwasahlobo yesikhathi esizayo." Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, washicilela okuhlanganisiwe kwesibili - "amalambu". Kubandakanya izindaba zezingane. Eminyakeni eyalandela, waqhubeka nokubhala izingane - ngo-1956, incwadi ethi "vastekino lake" yashicilelwa, ngo-1957 - "Umalume uKuuzya, fox," Imvula efudumele ".
Ngo-1958, inoveli yakhe yokuqala iyaphuma - "Iqhwa elincibilikayo". Ngawo lowo nyaka, uViktor Petrovich Astafiev waba yilungu lababhali be-RSFSR. Ngemuva konyaka, wanikezwa isiqondiso eMoscow, lapho afunda khona esikhungweni semibhalo esezifundweni zabalawuli. Ekupheleni kwama-50s, izingoma zakhe zaziwa futhi zithandwa ezweni lonke. Ngaleso sikhathi, washicilela le ndaba ethi "Starodub", "Dlula" no "Starley".
Ngo-1962, u-Astafeva wathuthela ePerm, phakathi nale minyaka umbhali wakha umjikelezo omncane ophrinta komagazini abahlukahlukene. Wababiza ngokuthi "bamangale", ngo-1972 washicilela incwadi yegama elifanayo. Ezindabeni zayo kuphakamisa izihloko ezibalulekile zabantu baseRussia - impi, ukuthanda izwe, impilo eqinile.
Ngo-1967, uViktor Petrovich wabhala indaba ethi "Umalusi Nomelusi. Nokwalusa kwanamuhla. Wacabanga ngalo msebenzi isikhathi eside. Kepha kwakunzima ukumphrinta ngobunzima, uLoti wawela ngenxa yokubalwa kwabantu. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1989, wabuyela embhalweni ukuze abuyisele uhlobo lwendaba yangaphambili.
Ngo-1975, uViktor Petrovich waba yiLaureate of the State Award of RSFSR ngemisebenzi "yokugcina", "Dlula", "Umelusi noCingle", "Theft."
Futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, kwashicilelwa, mhlawumbe, incwadi ethandwa kakhulu yombhali - "Tsar-Fish". Futhi futhi kwafakwa umhleli onjalo "ohlanganisiwe" umhleli we-astafiev angena esibhedlela ngemuva kokucindezelwa okuhloliwe. Wayedabukile kangangokuba akakaze akhathaze umbhalo wale ndaba. Naphezu kwakho konke, kwakuwumsebenzi, wawuthola umklomelo woMbuso we-USSR.
Kusukela ngo-1991, astafiev wasebenza encwadini ethi "uqalekisiwe wabulawa." Le ncwadi yaphuma ngo-1994 kuphela futhi yabangela imizwa eminingi evela kubafundi. Vele, bekungekhona ngaphandle kwamazwana abucayi. Abanye bamangaza isibindi somlobi, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye babona ukuba neqiniso. U-Astafiev wabhala indaba esihlokweni esibalulekile nesabekayo - wakhombisa ukunganakwa kokungcwaninga kwezempi. Ngo-1994, umlobi uthola umklomelo woMbuso waseRussia.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngonkosikazi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo, uMaria Koryakina astafyev wahlangana ngaphambili. Wasebenza njengomhlengikazi. Lapho impi isiphelile, bashada futhi bathuthela edolobheni elincane esifundeni sasePerm - chusovoy. Waqala nokubhala.
Entwasahlobo yango-1947, uMary noVictor babenendodakazi uLidiya, kodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, le ntombazane yafa ivela eDyspepsia. Ekufeni kwakhe, odokotela bakwa-Astafiev Vinyl, kepha unkosikazi waqiniseka ukuthi uVivil ngokwakhe kwakuyimbangela. Okutholile okuncane, akukwazanga ukondla umndeni. Ngemuva konyaka, bazalwa ngendodakazi u-Irina, kwathi ngo-1950 - indodana u-Andrei.
UVictor noMaria babehluke kakhulu. Ukube wayeyindoda enethalente futhi wabhala ekubhekeni kwenhliziyo yakhe, wabe esekwenza ngezinga elikhulu ukuze uziqinise.
U-Astafyev wayengumuntu wendoda, abesifazane babehlala bezungezwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi yena nezingane ezingaphandle - amadodakazi amabili, mayelana nokuba khona kwawo angazange atshele umkakhe isikhathi eside. UMariya wamhawukela ngokungahlali, hhayi kwabesifazane kuphela, kodwa ngisho nasezincwadini.
Akazange ashiye umkakhe kanye, kepha wabuya isikhathi ngasinye. Ngenxa yalokho, bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engama-57. Ngo-1984, indodakazi yabo u-Irina yafa ngokuzumayo, futhi abazukulu abasele - uVitu noPolina - baletha uViktor Petrovich noMaria Semenovna.
Ukushona
Ngo-Ephreli 2001, umlobi wangeniswa esibhedlela ngesifo sohlangothi. Emavikini amabili wabeka ukunakekelwa kakhulu, kepha ngenxa yalokho, odokotela bamjikijela, wabuyela ekhaya. Waba ngcono, wafunda nakanjani iphephandaba. Kepha ekwindla lonyaka ofanayo, u-Astafyev waphinde wawela esibhedlela. Watholakala enezifo zemikhumbi yenhliziyo. Esontweni eledlule, iViktor Petrovich Olemp. Umlobi ushone ngoNovemba 29, 2001.
Ngamngcwaba eduze komdabu wangomdabu, unyaka wonke, umnyuziyamu womndeni wakwa-Astafyev wavulwa e-Ovswanka.
Ngo-2009, uViktor astafieva wanikeza umklomelo ka-Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Idiploma kanye nenani lama- $ 25 amawaka adlula umfelokazi womlobi. UMaria Stanovna washona ngo-2011, wasinda oshade naye iminyaka eyi-10.
I-Bibliography
- 1953 - "Entwasahlobo yesikhathi esizayo"
- 1956 - "I-Vatukino Lake"
- 1960 - "Starodub"
- 1966 - "Theft"
- Ngo-1967 - "Impi Yeqa kwenye indawo"
- 1968 - "Umnsalo wokugcina"
- Ngo-1970 - "Ikwindla Ehlekisayo"
- 1976 - "Inhlanzi ye-Tsar"
- Ngo-1968 - "Ihhashi nge-pink mane"
- 1980 - "Ngixolele"
- Ngo-1984 - "Ukubamba i-peScase eGeorgia"
- Ngo-1987 - "Umphenyi Omnandi"
- 1987 - "Lyudochka"
- 1995 - "Ngakho-ke ufuna ukuphila"
- 1998 - "Isosha Elijabulisayo"