I-Biograge
Isazi semfundiso yenkolo kaGregory - isisebenzi sobuKristu, omunye wabafundisi abathathu besonto lonke. Isabelo semfundiso yenkolo sabantathayo sasingumfundi kanye nomlingani waseSt. Vasily the Great. Uyazi futhi wafunda bobabili eSontweni LamaRoma Katolika - usuku lwenkumbulo ngoJanuwari 2 naseSontweni Lama-Orthodox - 7 no-12 kuNhlolanja.Ubuntwana nentsha
Usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa koSanta alaziwa, cishe ngo-325 wesikhathi sethu. Umfana wazalwa engakude nedolobha laseNaziaza, eliseCappadokia (endaweni yeTurkey yanamuhla). Akunjalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wabizwa ngokuthi uGrigory Naziazine.
Ubaba wakhe uGrigory wayengu-Aristocrat wasendaweni, futhi umkakhe ungeyena umKristu weqiniso, zonke izinsuku owesifazane azichitha emithandazweni, wazenza eCharity. Ngokushesha nangoGrigori-Poight wamukela ubuKristu. Ekuqaleni waba ngumthambisi esontweni lendawo, nangemva kombhishobhi waseNazi.
U-nonne wayengenakulangazelela ukukhulelwa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke wathandaza kakhulu futhi wacela uNkulunkulu ukuba athole umusa. Wethembisa ukuthi uma uSomandla ezomnika ingane, wayezomnikela kuNkulunkulu. Kamuva ephusheni, owesifazane wabona indodana yakhe yesikhathi esizayo futhi ezwa igama lakhe. Ngemuva kokuvela kukaGregory, uNonana uzelwe ezinye izingane ezimbili - indodana kaKhesariyu nendodakazi yaseGorgonia. Kamuva, wonke amalungu omndeni kaGregory aqashelwa njengosanta.
Njengoba usuthole imfundo yasekhaya yokuqala, uGregory waqala eCappadokia, kwathi kamuva ePalestine nase-Alexandria, lapho afunda khona ezikoleni eziphakeme. Kepha isikhungo sesayensi ngaleso sikhathi kwakungu-Athene. Ngakho-ke, uGregory wathuthela e-Athene, lapho afunda khona izinkanyezi, iJiyometri, imiboniswa yezinkondlo. Wafunda umsebenzi ka-Aristotle noPlato. Ngokwezinga elikhulu wayenesifiso esitayelweni sokwethulwa, kunokuba afundise kakhulu. Kepha uGregory waqala kanjani ukuhumusha inkolo, ikakhulukazi wathonya le misebenzi.
Lapho uGregory efunda e-Athene, wahlangana nomoya omkhulu. Futhi lo mhlangano wawungemuhle ngoGregory. Ngemuva kokutadisha, wafundisa ngobuhle e-Athene iminyaka emibili. Lapho ebuyela eNaziyaz, uYise wambhapathiza. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeseneminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Kepha ngaleso sikhathi, ubhapathizo lwaluthatha kuphela ngemuva kokutholwa imfundo.
UGregory Monestic Life wawela emphefumulweni, wathuthela esigodlweni sezindela, umsunguli waso umngane wakhe wayemkhulu. Ngokubambisana bafunda imisebenzi yomsunguli we-philology yebhayipisi nefilosofi u-Origen. Kamuva, isayensi yezenkolo ephakeme emisebenzini yakhe yaqopha izingcaphuno, ezazibizwa ngokuthi "i-Philoklia".
INkonzo YobuKristu
Ngo-361, ubaba wacela ukubuyisa indodana ezweni lakubo, wayedinga usizo. UGregory unikezelwe e-prosbrers. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubaba wakhe osekhulile wahola umzabalazo osebenzayo wokulwa namasosha oMbusi uJulian Hourvate, owazama ukuthwebula amathempeli angamaKristu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okuzayo umshushisa amaKristu uJulian wafunda nesabelo semfundiso yenkolo kaGregory kanye nomoya omuhle e-Athene.
Kepha phela, impilo ecabangayo yenzuzo yayisondelene negrigory, ngakho-ke wabuyela esigodlweni ngemuva nje kokudilizwa. Kodwa-ke, waqonda ukuthi uYise udinga kangakanani ukwesekwa, futhi e-Easter esevele e-Easter yabeka intshumayelo yakhe yokuqala eNaziane.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kuhle kakhulu, ngaleso sikhathi wabe sebevele ngaleso sikhathi, ubuza uGrigory ukuthi athathe isikhundla sokungena eSashima. Wayedinga abantu abathembekile nabanokwethenjelwa ekulweni nase-Arianism. UGregory wangabaza, kepha uyise waphikelela. Ngeshwa, okwesikhashana akhonza eSasima, akafundanga noma iyiphi inkonzo, akazange athathe umfundisi oyedwa. Kungekudala ushiya idolobha futhi uhlala iminyaka emithathu ehlane le-monastic. Ukuhamba kwakhe kwaphola kakhulu ubuhlobo babo noVasily.
Ngo-374, uBaba Gregory wafa, umama wafa emva kwakhe. Ukufa wahlangana nesithonjana ekukhulekeleni. Ngaye kwakuwukuvunguza okukhulu. I-Vasily Great yeza emngcwabeni kayise futhi yafunda itshe lethuna, ngemuva kwalokho ubungani babo baqala ukuba ngcono.
Ngemuva kokushona kukababa, isazi semfundiso yenkolo kaGrigory sahola i-diocese, kodwa wayekholelwa ukuthi wayengenalungelo lokuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi sikayise. Ngakho-ke, wasuka edolobheni laseSeleucia, ecabanga ukuthi lapho engekho, izakhamuzi zomuzi zizokhetha umbhishobhi omusha. Kepha abantu bakwaNaziana bafuna ukubuya kwakhe, futhi waqhubeka ephatha isonto lendawo.
Ukushaywa kwesibili eGregory kwaba izindaba zokufa kukaVasily omkhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, wayesedumile njengomvikeli onzima wokholo nomshumayeli onekhono. Ngasikhathi sinye, uMbusi omusha uDeodosius avale isihlalo sobukhosi, futhi yena, ngokungafani nalowo owandulelayo, umsekeli we-nickeans. UFeodosius ucela uGregory kuye futhi aphakamise ukuhola i-diocese eConstantinople. Kwakunjalo-ke ukumbiza ngemfundiso yenkolo, wayeyisikhulumi esihle ngempela, izintshumayelo zakhe azizange zishiye noma ngubani ongenandaba.
Kepha uConstantinople wayeneminyaka engama-40 ezandleni ze-ARAN, kwathi ngobusuku bonke abakwazanga ukunyamalala noma kuphi. Ngakho-ke, lapho usufikile edolobheni, uGrigory masinyane uba yinto yoshushiso phakathi kwama-Ariya. Ngesinye isikhathi, bagqekeza esontweni lesonto lapho oNgcwele benza umkhosi wobhapathizo, othile wafuna ukuxoshwa kwakhe, futhi othile waqala ukumphonsa ngamatshe. Le ndoda yadonswa kwiziphathimandla zedolobha, ekugcineni abaze bamsekela ama-Ariya bayishiya edolobheni.
Futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, iKonstantinopol yavakashela lo mbusi ngokwakhe. Ungenise mathupha uGregory ethempelini laseSofia futhi "udlulise" yena. Ngokuvunywa kososengcwele eMnyangweni nokuxazulula izingqinamba ezihlobene namanani, kwaqoqwa i-Ecumenical Cathedral.
Lapho uxoxa ngo-Ariinism, uGrigory waqopha imfundiso ye-trochbhisess, manje esethatha indawo eyinhloko eMfundisweni yamasonto obuKristu futhi ingumcabango oyisisekelo wokwenziwa kobuKristu. UNkulunkulu ungomunye, empeleni empeleni, kodwa amathathu ebusweni - ubaba, indodana, umoya ongcwele. Ngokusho kwezazi zemfundiso yezenkolo uqobo:
"Sikhulekela uYise, neNdodana, noMoya oNgcwele, sabelana ngezakhiwo zomuntu siqu futhi zixhumanise unkulunkulu."Ngesikhathi seKhathedrali le-Universal, uSihlalo wakhe wezempi, noGrigory bathatha indawo yakhe. Kamuva waqala ukukhetha inhloko yoMnyango we-Antiyokiya, owayeholwa yiMiletiya. Imibono yabahlanganyeli yahlukaniswa. Abanye babefuna ukubona ummeleli we- "West" kulokhu okuthunyelwe, abanye - "empumalanga".
Ngenxa yalokho, ukungqubuzana kwavela lapho kwathintwa khona uGrigory, emmangalela ngokwephula imithetho yesonto lokuqala lendawo yonke. Kwakungukuthi wayengenalo ilungelo lokuba yiConstantinople Arbishop, engumbhishobhi weSasimsky. Futhi, washiya uMnyango eSasim, futhi ophikisana nemithetho emisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, oNgcwele bashiye uMnyango weKonstantinople. Kwakungekho esosizini nhlobo, kwakuyisikhathi eside ekhathele umzabalazo wamandla, ayedingeka ngokuphelele. Ngokwemvelo, wayengumuntu ocashile nowokuzikhuluma ngokwawo. Eqinisweni, wayengahloselwe isonto elizwakalayo, futhi waba kuphela ngemiyalo yomngane kaVasily omkhulu.
Ukubuyela eNaziyaz, waphinda wema ekhanda le-diocese yedolobha, akakwazanga ukwenqaba izakhamizi. Kepha kwakungelula kuye. Ngo-383, impilo yakhe yaya iba nzima, futhi wakhululwa ebuholini boMnyango. Feodor, Bishop Tyransky, beka endaweni yakhe i-Hepsopa Elaudia, izihlobo izihlobo zemfundiso yenkolo.
Ukubheka ukuthula, wazinikezela ekubhaleni. UGregory ungumbhali wezinkondlo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amane, wabhala ama-Epigram, izinkondlo, amaculo. Ngasikhathi sinye, waqhubeka nokuya esigodlweni sezindela, wahamba kakhulu. Amagugu asemqoka wokubhala asabhekwa "amazwi" - izingxoxo ezingama-45 ezihlanganisa isikhathi seminyaka engama-20 yempilo yakhe.
Kugcinwe futhi izinhlamvu ezingama-245 zemfundiso yenkolo, iningi labo elibhekiswe kumngane wakhe - likhulu. Ukhumbula impilo yabo yokubambisana esigodlweni sezindela, kwathi ngemuva kwalokho kummangalela ukuba azibandakanye ekulweni nasekulweni nasekwakhiweni nasekubhishelweni kombhishobhi wakhe wedolobha laseSasima.
UGregory Theology wemfundiso yemvelo ushiye uphawu olukhulu ebuKristwini, imibhalo yakhe yaba nomthelela endabeni elandelayo yenkolo. Umsebenzi wengcwele wahunyushwa kanye nomBhalo. Isonto lama-Orthodox lethule iGregory libe yinqwaba yobaba beBandla, okusho ukuthi ubuntu bakhe bunesisindo esikhethekile ekwakhiweni kwenhliziyo nokukhulekelwa.
Ukushona
UGregory Melogiolian washona ngoJanuwari 25, 389 eNaziase, wamngcwaba khona. Emva kwalokho washiya iTestamente. Cishe kwabhalwa emuva ngo-381. Umndeni wakwaSanta ushiya ama-dioceses, ukonga kanye nezingubo zakhe kwathola abangane, futhi wayala nokuchithwa kwezigqila zakhe.
Ngemuva kwesigamu sekhulu leminyaka, uMbusi uKonstantin Bagrynorogennaya wathutha amandla wesakhiwo semfundiso yenkolo kaGregory eConstantinople, kodwa ngemuva kokuhlaselwa ama-crusaders ngo-1204, izinsalela zabangcwele ziyiswa eRoma.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesonto laseSt. Pawula eRoma, amandla abeka lapho, ethuneni elikhethekile. NgoNovemba 26, 2004, uPapa John Paul II wayala ukuthi leyo ngxenye yezingcweli yabuyela eSontweni likaKonstantinople. Leli shrine ligcinwa esontweni laseSt. George e-Istanbul.
Ukukhumbula
- 383-386 - Ukuqoqwa Kwengxoxo "Izwi"
- 383-388 - Ukuqoqwa "Kwezincwadi"
- 1670 - Isonto lemfundiso yenkolo kaGrigory eRostov Great, eRussia
- 1781 - I-frigate of the fleet yasolwandle emnyama yeRussia yathola igama elithi "Imfundiso yemfundiso yenkolo"
- I-1867 - Isonto Lemfundiso yenkolo Yomhlaba edolobhaneni laseMakareshty, Moldova
- Ngo-1873 - I-Henc Dilogy IBSEN "UKhesari noGalilein"
- Ngo-1896 - ISonto Lemfundiso yezenkolo noMfela oNgcwele uZoe e-Odessa, e-Ukraine