I-Biograge
UJohane uMbhapathizi, unguJohane umsandu, ohlonishwa amaKristu njengokwandulela kukaJesu Kristu. E-Orthodoxy - into yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu ngemuva komama ongcwele kaNkulunkulu. Egameni likaJohane, amathempeli amaningi angcwelisiwe eRussia nasemhlabeni. AmaSulumane, uMandy noBahai babizwa ngoMprofethi uYahya, Christian Arab - Yuhann. Njengobuntu obungokomlando buvela "ezindabeni zamaJuda" zikaJoseph Flavia.
Ezithonjeni ziboniswa ezimfanekisweni ezilandelayo: Ikhanda elisikiwe (okwesibili esithombeni), umqulu ezandleni, isitsha, isiphambano esincanyana esivela kumhlanga. Ugqoke ungcwele ngezingubo ezifuywayo ezivela eboya ehlane, exhaswe ibhande lesikhumba elibanzi, kaningi eChiton elukiwe noma elihlangene. I-Honeycomb, iWundlu, abasebenzi bemalusi babhekiswe esibhakabhakeni, umunwe wenkomba wesandla sokudla esibhekiswe kulezi zici. AmaKatolika athandwa ngezithombe zeBaptist.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Amaqiniso e-biography kaJohane uMbhaptizi wezefundiso zemfundiso ekhuluma ngamaVangeli amane e-apononical, ama-apocryseph kanye nezincwadi zebhubesi. Mayelana nobuntwana bakwaJohane utshela umvangeli kaLuka.
UJohn wazalelwa emndenini wompristi omkhulu kaZakariya nokulunga u-Elizabethe, isihlobo esikude ngekusasa lentokazi yethu. Ukubukeka okuzayo kwengane embhalweni oneminyaka yobudala kwabikezela ingelosi uGabriel, evakashela ubaba wesikhathi esizayo ethempelini, uGabriel wayala ukuba anikeze umfana igama elingajwayelekile umndeni. UZakariya akakholwanga isithunywa, athi aphuca inkulumo kaZharya Dara. Ukuntuleka kompristi kwahlala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwengane.
Ukuprofetha ingane yaqala esiswini somama. Lapho uMaria eza ezovakashela u-Elisabeth, ingane yagcwala izintambo, futhi u-Elizaveta wawuzwa umusa. Lokho wukuthi, uJohn wakujabulela umhlangano noMesiya ngaphambi kwalabo abaseduze kwabona ukukhulelwa kwentombi ye-Imhlaba. Endaweni yendlu yezwe kaZakariya, lapho kuhlangana khona omama besikhathi esizayo, kwakhiwa isonto lokuvakasha.
E-Ein-Karem, indawo engaphansi kweJerusalema, lapho kwazalwa khona umprofethi, yakha isigodlo se-oda laseFranciscans ("uJohane oNgcwele ezintabeni"). Isimungulu uZakariya siqinisekisile ngokubhala ngokubhala isifiso sokunikela ngendodana yakhe igama likaJohane, elichazwe yingelosi, ngemuva kwalokho angaphinde athi.
Ngokusho komBhalo, undunankulu wazalelwa isigamu sonyaka ngaphambi koMsindisi. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, usuku lokugubha uKhisimusi kaJohn The Freerunner lubalwa - ngoJuni 24 lwekhalenda le-julian e-Orthodoxy. Abantu baziwa njengoSuku luka-Ivan Kupala. Kusukela lapho kubhekwa khona okufuywayo kweSolar: UJesu uKhisimusi ugujwa ngemuva kosuku olubusika, lapho usuku lube lude, futhi uJohane - ngemuva kosuku lufinyeziwe.
Ukuze asindise ingane ezandleni zezinceku zeNkosi uHerode, waqeda izingane, umama wamshiya evela edolobheni waya ehlane, lapho kwakuhlala khona uJohane, elungiselela inkonzo yesikhathi esizayo. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi indawo eyimfihlo kwakuyisigodlo se-Espeev - Ihlelo le-Heart Jewish. Umpristi Ophakeme uZharaya wabulala amasosha kaHerode emsebenzini wakhe.
INkonzo YobuKristu
Ogwadule noJohane osemncane, uNkulunkulu wakhuluma, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho uJohane waya ukuyoshumayela, ukuqala kohambo kubhekwa njengoMneminyaka engama-28 noma engama-29. Lo mprofethi wayenobuntu, egqoke ingubo kaShaghatu evela evongeni le-camel, elenqatshelwe ngebhande lesikhumba le-ray, londliwe uju lwezinyosi zasendle namachashazi, akazange aphuze iwayini. Ezintshumayele izintshumayelo ezinxuse izoni zikhathazeke ngolaka lukaNkulunkulu futhi ziphenduke. Ngihlambalaze iSaddukeev nabaFarisi kubuzenzisi kanye noGordin.
AmaWarrior umprofethi anxuswa ukuba aneliswe ngumholo, hhayi ukucasula izakhamuzi; ISolari - ukungafuni lutho phakathi kwalawa manani okweqile komthetho; Ocebile ukwabelana ngokudla nezingubo nabampofu. Uphawu lokuphenduka nokuhlanjululwa kukaJohane lwakubeka ukugeza ngokwesiko emajele oMfula iJordani, okubizwa ngokuthi ubhapathizo. Isiyingi sabalandeli sabuthana ezungeze uMbhaptizi. Abafundi bakaJohn balingiswa ukubekezela kothisha futhi bacabanga ukuthi uJohn futhi kunoMsindisi obikezelwe.
Lapho kufika ithimba labapristi livela eJerusalema ukuyobheka le nguqulo, uJohn uyakuphika. Wazibiza ngezwi lehlane, elibiza abantu esibuyekezweni. Wabikezela ukufika okusheshayo kukaMesiya, kodwa ngamangala emhlanganweni noMuntu noJesu owabhapathizwa, ngoba wazibona engafanele ngisho nokubopha imichilo yezicathulo zoMsindisi.
UJesu wagcizelela ukuthi abulawe uNkulunkulu, futhi wabhapathizwa eJordani. Ngokufeza isiko, uMbhaptizi wabeka isandla sokudla kuMakusherka kaKristu, maqondana nezingane zakubo ezingcwele. Ubhapathizo lwaluhambisana nezimangaliso ezivule abantu uMesiya uJesu: Ijuba landiza lisuka ezulwini lalizwakalisa izwi, lalibizwa ngokuthi nguJesu iNdodana ayithandayo futhi isibusisa.
Ngemuva kwezimpawu zoMsindisi, abaphostoli ababili bokuqala bajoyinelwa, phambilini babephakathi kwabafundi bakwaJohane the abandulelayo. Lapho uJesu eboniswa ehlane, uJohn waboshwa. USanta John e-Orthodoxy uthathwa njengomkhuleko obaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke amaKristu.
U-Akatist kumbuhlane wafundela ukuqonda izono zawo nezinkinga zawo, abangakholwayo abangakholwayo. Umbhali womkhuleko wakudala waqhathanisa nombuyane nenkanyezi yasekuseni, ecwilisa imisebe yezinye izinkanyezi, ezifanekisela ekuseni ngosuku olunelanga.
Ukushona
Umprofethi uJohn Vitro wenza ubugebengu bababusi ngokubiza labo abaqinisekisayo. Ikakhulu, indlela yokuziphatha okubi kaTetrarch Galilee Herod Antipa, eshade ne-Iodiad, umshana wakhe, wakusola indlela yokuziphatha okubi ye-tetrarch. UKrasavitsa Iodiada Antipa ushaye umfowabo waseSilonal kuphela, uHerode Philip. UJohane weza esigodlweni saseTiran naphambi kwazo phambi kwezivakashi egumbini ledili, ukukhathazeka ngokuphulwa okukhulu kwemithetho yamaJuda.
UTetrarch akazange aphenduke, kepha, nakaphambene, umprofethi waboshwa futhi watshala emgodini. Okufanele ukwenze nakuye ngokulandelayo, kusalokhu kungacaci: Ukubulawa komuntu onjengalo owaziwa kubantu bomuntu kungadala inani labantu baseGalile. Kepha inkulumo esolisayo yamukela umkaHerode. Kwasekufisa ukuphindisela emphakathini, awenza ngendodakazi yakhe uSalome.
Egunyeni ukuhlonipha usuku lokuzalwa lukaHerode, u-Antipa Salome wadansa kahle kangangokuba uHerode phambi kwezivakashi athembisa ukwenza noma ngubani ukuthi afile. I-Intercrewn Umama, uSalome wacela inhloko kaJohn njengesipho. Kuthunyelwe ejele, i-squire yaqokelwa ekhanda lomprofethi futhi yanikeza intombi ngesipho esigwegwe esitsheni sesiliva. Ikhanda likaSalome lidlulisele ku-Iodiade, nomzimba wenceku wanika abafundi bakaMBaptizi.
Ngenkumbulo yale micimbi, usuku lokunakekelwa kwekhanda likaJohane uMkhosi uyaphawulwa. Esontweni lama-Orthodox, lolu usuku lokuposa okuqinile. Ngokwesiko lesintu, ambozwe eduze kwamasiko nezinkolelo-ze: kwenqatshelwe ukusebenza ngezinto ezibukhali, kukhona imifino nezithelo eziyindilinga, usike isinkwa. Abafundi bangcwaba isidumbu sikaJohane isimangaliso eSevastia, eduze nethuna lomprofethi u-Elisha, kodwa ngemuva kokuba isidumbu sabangcwele saqala ukwenzeka.
Cishe ngo-362, amaqaba avule futhi wanqoba umngcwabo, washisa amathambo futhi wahlakazeka njengothuli. Kodwa-ke, amaKristu akwazile ukonga ingxenye yezingcweli. Ngekhulu le-10, uTheodore Daphnopath watshela amaKristu ukuthi umphostoli uLuka wayefuna ukususa umzimba e-Antiyokiya, kodwa amaSetaists asivumela ukuba sithathe kuphela isandla sokudla sabangcwele. Kamuva, umdanso ongakaze ubonwe kaJohane uMbhapathizi wathuthela eConstantinople, ukuhlonipha iholide elihambisanayo lasungulwa, manje alithandwa.
IHerode yafihla ikhanda lomporofidi esigodlweni ukuphumula, kepha inceku yantshontsha i-relic, yangcwatshwa entabeni yobumba emthambekeni wentaba ka-Eleon. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, ngokumba imbambo, i-jug yathola izinceku zikaVelmazby Innokentia ne-relic. Lo mcimbi ugujwa ngamalungu esonto le-roc ngoFebhuwari 24 ngesitayela esidala. Phambi kokufa kwabantu abangenacala, i-shrine yacabula kahle.
Eminyakeni lapho uMbusi uKonstantin Great ebuswa eJerusalema, ama-Pilgrim amabili athola ngengozi isahluko, kodwa amavila athunywe ukuba athwale le ncwadi. Isihambi esikanye naye (ngomsebenzi wobumba) bashiya izindela futhi baba ngumgcini wendawo. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, imbiza enekhanda eliyisimangaliso yathuthela kudadewabo. Kamuva, i-relic yaya kumpristi wase-Arari, owafihla isahluko emhumeni oseduze kwamaHemessee.
Ngo-452, u-Archimandrite wesigodlo sezindela esiseduze kwavela ephusheni likaJohane futhi waveza indawo yokucasha kwesahluko. I-Relic yathola futhi yathuthela eConstantinople. Ukutholwa kwesibili kwesahluko kugujwa ngasikhathi sinye nowokuqala. Ngesikhathi sodlame eKonstantinople, kwathunyelwa khona indawo ebhukwini eyayiya kwisitoreji edolobheni lase-Emeszs, yabe isicasha eKomanna ngesikhathi sokushushiswa kwamehlo.
Embassy of Emperror Mikhail III ngo-850, eqondiswa yi-Insissiarch of Ignatius, yathola inhloko yoSanta eKamaland. Kwakuwukutholwa kwesithathu, i-RPC eyaziwayo ngoMeyi 25 kukhalenda likaJulian. Eholidini ngalinye, kwasungulwa iCanon - i-oda nohlu lwemithandazo olufundwa ngesikhathi semisebenzi enesizotha yabapristi.
I-Relick ayikaziwa, futhi manje amasonto ayishumi nambili afuna isihloko somnikazi wenhloko yangempela kaJohane uMbhapathizi. Emhlabeni wobuKristu kunemihlathi eyisikhombisa (ngaphezu kwamakhanda), iminwe eyishumi nanye izinkomba, izandla eziyisishiyagalolunye namahlombe amane. Zonke lezi zingcweli zihlonishwa ngokweqiniso futhi zenza ukuphulukiswa okuhle.
Ukukhumbula
- 1663 - Inkondlo Yost van den Vontela "John Baptist"
- 1770 - Umkhumbi olayini owakhiwe we-Russian Imperial Fleet "Chesma", owayebizwa ngegama lesibili ngokuthi "uJohane uMbhapathizi"
- Ngo-1864 - Inkondlo Stephen Mallarme "Irodada"
- 1877 - Indaba kaGustava FLAUBET "Irodada"
- Ngo-1891 - I-Oscar Wilde Piece "Salome"
Amaholide Orthodox
- Septhemba 23 (Okthoba 6) - Ukukhulelwa kukaJohn The Freerunner
- NgoJuni 24 (Julayi 7) - UKhisimusi kaJohane umkhosi
- Agasti 29 (Septhemba 11) - Isimo sekhanda likaJohane The Freerunner
- 7 (Janawari 20) - Isonto likaJohane uMbhabhathizi
- NgoFebhuwari 24 (Mashi 8) Ngonyaka we-LEAP, ngoFebhuwari 24 (Mashi 9) Kwama-New New - Ukutholwa kokuqala nokwesibili kwekhanda likaJohane The Freerunner
- Meyi 25 (June 7) - Ukutholwa kwesithathu kwekhanda likaJohane The Freerunner
- 12 (Okthoba 25) - Ama-Transponde John Prepars