I-Biograge
U-Alexey Orlov - umfowabo omncane weGrigoria Orlova (uFarita Catherine II), umsekeli we-Empress, owaba ngenye yezinhloko ze-1762. Ubangelwa ngisho nokubulawa kweNkosi uPeter III. Ngesandla esikhanyayo, i-Alexey Grigorieving Russia yathola uhlobo oluhlukile lwamahhashi - i-Orlovsky ryysak. Le ndoda ibuye yanikeza izwe izwe elikhanyayo le-Gypsy.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ukuhlobanisa okuzayo kwe-Empress kuyinto notility emndenini omuhle. U-Alexey Grigorievivich wazalwa ngoSepthemba 24, 1737 (ngokusho konyaka wakudala) edolobhaneni laseLutkino (esifundazweni saseTver). Ubaba, umnikazi wefa lakhe, eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemuva kokuzalwa kuka-Alyosha, wathatha isikhundla sokuba yiPost of Nvgorod Governor.
Emndenini, u-Alexey - indodana yesithathu ka-ayisithupha, yahlukaniswa ngempilo ye-bogatlish, izimfanelo zebhizinisi kanye nomlingiswa oqinile, onesibindi futhi onamandla. Imininingwane mayelana ne-biography yokuqala yomuntu ongumlando iyindlala kakhulu. Abafowethu bambiza ngokuthi u-Alekhani. Le nsizwa ayizange ithole imfundo egqamile nokukhuliswa, hhayi nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe, esikhathini esizayo, imikhuba emibi yathuthumela emibuthanweni yenkantolo.
Kodwa-ke, okokhozi babenomthwalo wokuzalwa ngolwazi, lapho bekhulekele, bekunesifiso esicashile kwisayensi nezincwadi, uMushedral Mikhail Lomonosov kanye noDenis Fonvizina, ehambisana noJean Jacques Rousseau. Kuyaziwa ukuthi le nsizwa ifundele isayensi namacala ezempi asesakhiweni se-landlorskaya, futhi inkonzo yaqala eminyakeni eyi-15 isosha elisebuthomeni be-preobrazhenskym.
Ezepolitiki nezezempi
Ngo-1762, u-Alexey Grigorieving Doros waya eSergeant yesifunda sokuqala se-Peobrazhensky. Ngaleso sikhathi, abafowethu base-Orlov - u-Alexey, uGrigory noFedor - base behlale kahle emphakathini wedolobha, kepha izinganekwane zaya ku-Ugly, zihamba ngezinyawo zazo eziphuzile kanye namandla omzimba. Kungaba cishe uma kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abasha bangene ezingeni lokubhalwa komlando, uma bengafakwanga embuthanweni wendlalifa yendlalifa kuyo indlalifa, i-Ekaterina Alekseevna.
Ukungena esimeni esinzima sokushada se-Empress yesikhathi esizayo, i-Orlov yethule umkhankaso emphakathini wonogada osemusha, bese wafaka isibambiso esikhulu sempi. Umholi wenhlangano futhi waba yigazi elibandayo futhi elisebenzayo u-Alexey Orlov, okwazile ukugcina imibono mayelana nokukhuphuka kombuso kuze kube sekupheleni.
U-Alexey Grigorievivich uhlanganyele ngqo kwinqubo yokuguqula amandla. Owesilisa ohamba noPetro III, owayeyinkombe ekhiyiwe eRopshu, wamqapha lapha, wabe esekhipha ukuvuselelwa esihlalweni sobukhosi esivela kumbusi. Ukufa kukaPeter kusolwa futhi, kepha izifundo zempilo yegrafu zinethemba lokuthi lokhu kumane nje kungukuqagela, incwadi ephendukayo, okusolwa ukuthi ithunyelwe ngu-Alexei Tsarice, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Alexei Tsarice, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Alexei Tsarice, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Alexei Tsarice, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-FAED.
Ngemuva kwe-coup, alexey, kanye nezihlobo ezindala, wayephezu kwe-Empress. Owesilisa wadilizwa yi-moaring of the ream - isihloko esikhulu kunazo zonke, khona-ke enkulu ye-Peexanderhensky regiment, i-oda lika-Alexander Nevsky, kanye nayo yonke imiphefumulo engama-800, kanye nedolobhana lase U-Obolensky, owayejabule ngabafowethu abathathu.
Esikhathini esizayo, u-Orlov wadlala izindima ezinkulu ezindabeni zombuso, wenza imiyalo ethile yendlovukazi. Zihlukanise ngokukhethekile ngesikhathi sempi neTurkey - u-Alexey wazithola eseqenjini lezehlakalo zamasosha: wadala uhlelo lokuhlinzwa olubizwa ngokuthi yi-Archipelago Expedition yokuqala, wabe esehola iqembu lemikhumbi yaseRussia.
E-Chesmesky War kwahlela "ukusebenza kombukiso", ukushaya imikhumbi yaseTurkey. Ukunqoba eRussia kwakugujwa ngesilinganiso - ukuhlonipha ukunqotshwa kwamaTurks, iMedali yadilizwa ngaphandle, iCesmersky Obulisk kanye nesigodlo bavele ebalazweni le-capital. I-Alexey Grigorievivich, eyathola i-Ofly George's Order of St George kanye nesihloko segrafu, efisa ukuthatha isibongo sesibili - Chesmesky.
I-Count Orlov ihlole enye into ebalulekile ephathiswe i-Empress. Ngo-1775, kwamenyezelwa umfakisicelo esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia sikaPrincess Tarakanova, owamemezela ngendodakazi ka-Elizabeth Petrovna. I-Ekaterina II iyalela u-Alexey ukuheha ekuguqukeni kwe-adon adventurist futhi aleve kusuka eYurophu eya eMbusweni waseRussia.
Ukhozi kulo msebenzi wakhombisa wonke amakhono okukhohlisa kanye nama-leaselas, okubonisa uthando lokufakelwa futhi anikeze nezikhulu zazo nezinhliziyo zakhe. Ukubhekana nesabelo, okungukuthi, senze ukuboshwa kwezikhulu, igrafu ngonyaka owodwa yasula ngokuthula.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaCatherine, ngabuthamela esihlalweni sobukhosi, kwathatha umhlalaphansi ukhozi - futhi ukubala kwesokunxele eRussia. Ibuyiselwe kuphela ngemuva kwe-Alexander I ngo-1801. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6, u-Alexey Grigorievivich wayezobamba iqhaza ezimpini ezihlobene nesiphelo somhlaba we-Tilzite, kepha umbono awukho omiselwe ukuboshwa empilweni - ngokushesha ukubala kudlulile.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1782, injabulo yezihlobo, u-Orlov wanquma ukushada. Induna ka-Evdokia Lopukhina yaqokwa - le ntombazane yayisineminyaka engama-21 ubudala, kanti u-Alexey Grigorievingch wagubha iminyaka engama-48. Ngokuya kwezazi-mlando ezithile, inkosikazi eshadile yokubala i-Ekaterina Demidov yabonakala ngathi ihlale.
Ngokushesha wazise ngokugcizelela emshadweni olandelayo we-Orlov, futhi uCatherine uhalalisele ukubhala kwakhe okubhaliwe ngokubhala kwakhe, efisa "yonke injabulo nenhlala-kahle." Umshado ovuthayo uduma wonke eMoscow izinsuku eziningi zilandelana. Kodwa-ke, impilo yomndeni yayihlala isikhashana: U-Evdokia Nikolaevna washona ngokuzalwa kwengane yesibili, eshiya umfelokazi we-Orlov nendodakazi yakhe endala u-Ana ezingalweni zakhe (iNdodana entsha yafa nonina).
Ukubala kwaletha enye indodana ngokungemthetho ngo-1763 ngu-Alexander Chesmensky. UCatherine II wavumela ama-protege akhe ukuba anakekele inzalo: U-Alexey Grigorievivich wanikeza uSasha imfundo emnandi nokukhuliswa.
Esikhathini esizayo, u-Alexander Chesmesky waba yinto enkulu, wabamba iqhaza empini yokulwa ne-kostyutko. Futhi indodakazi ka-Ana yangena enkantolo yeFreria, yenqaba umshado futhi yashaya inkolo, kodwa ayizange ishiye egcekeni lasebukhosini.
Njengoba isulile esikhundleni ngo-1775, ukubalwa kwaya eMoscow futhi kwazinikezela isikhathi semikhuba yakhe ayithandayo - ukuzalanisa izinja namahhashi, aletha kwaphesheya. Yanelisekile ngezinhlanga ezijabulisayo, ukuzikhandla. Njengamazwe anikezwayo esifundazweni saseVoronezh, u-Alexey Grigorieviving wakha ifektri yaseKrenovskaya, lapho aletha khona u-Oryol Rysakov odumile emhlabeni wonke kanye nehhashi laseRussia.
Ngaphezu kwamahhashi, i-orlovskiy canary, i-orlovsky impi yama-goose ngisho namajuba eposi e-orlovia ayedumile. Futhi kusukela ePheresiya u-Alexey Grigorievivich waletha izinkukhu ze-chilyandovsky. Futhi, isibalo se-Orlov yethule iMoscow I-chorus yokuqala ye-gypsy yalethwa eRussia eMoldova. Le changel yaphawula ukuqala kokusebenza okuhle kwe-gypsy.
Ukushona
Ngaphambi kokuba afe, asebekhulile futhi igrafu yokudaya bahlukunyezwa kakhulu. Ngokwe-Legends, ukuze kungazwakali ukukhala, wayala i-orchestra yasekhaya ukuthi idlale izinsuku ezimbalwa zilandelana. Izindaba ezithi u-Alexey Grigorieviving, ekufeni, zindiza ngokushesha ezungeze isifunda, futhi abantu bezigaba ezahlukahlukene bafika efeni.
Kuthiwa wathandwa ngabaningili benqaba - indoda yayihlala ibaphatha kahle, ngakho-ke, bemi phambi kwesango, abantu abalula bayakhala. NgoKhisimusi u-Eve 1807, kwafa ama-Eagles-Chesmer.
Igrafu yangcwatshwa esikhungweni sezindela saseYuriev, lapho uthuli lulala khona eduze kwezinsalela zabafowethu abangu-60. Ngo-1896, uthuli lwezinkomba lwalusemazweni asezandleni ezijwayelekile.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-1995, isikhumbuzo somholi wezempi kanye nokukhethwa kuka-Alexey Orlov Chesmensky kwakhiwa eVoronezh.
- Ngo-2004, isikhumbuzo sokubala kwe-Eaglov savela eGreek Island Lemmos njengengxenye yomkhosi wezinsuku zobungani buka-Russian-Greek.
- E-Central Naval Library (ST. Petersburg) egcinwe iqoqo lezincwadi alexei orlova. Izincwadi zinesikhumba esinsundu esibopha ngegolide ezifakwe uphawu oluphawulwe yi-gao monogram ngaphansi komqhele wesifunda.