I-Biograge
U-Ivan Shishkin "uphila" cishe kuwo wonke amakhaya aseRussia noma efulethini. Ikakhulu ezikhathini zaseSoviet, abanikazi bathanda ukuhlobisa izindonga ngokukhiqiza kabusha ngemidwebo ngomdwebi, baqedwe ngomagazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nomsebenzi womdwebi, amaRussia ajwayelane ebuntwaneni - ibhere ehlathini likaphayini elihlotshise ukonakala ushokoledi ushokoledi. Empilweni yenkosi enethalente, "i-Forest Bogatyyr" kanye "nenkosi yehlathi" njengophawu lokuhlonipha ikhono lokucula ubuhle bemvelo.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umdwebi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa emkhayeni womthengisi u-Ivan Vasilyevich Shishkin ngoJanuwari 25, 1832. Ubuntwana bomculi badlula e-Elabuga (ezikhathini zasebukhosini, bekuyingxenye yesifundazwe saseVyatka, namuhla yiRiphabhulikhi yaseTatarstan). Ubaba wayeka futhi ehlonishwe edolobheni elincane lesifundazwe, u-Ivan vasilyevich ngisho nangokweminyaka eminingana wabamba uSihlalo wenhloko yendawo yokuhlala. Ekuqaleni komthengisi nangemali yakhe, u-Elabuga uthole umugqa wamanzi wokhuni, osasebenza ngokwengxenye. UShishkin uvezwe nakwasikhathi ngesikhathi nangencwadi yokuqala mayelana nomlando wezwe lomdabu.
Ukuba ngumuntu oguquguqukayo no-Pragmatic, u-Ivan Vasilyevich wazama ukuthakazelisa indodana kaVanya ngokwemvelo, amakhekhemakhenikha, futhi lapho umfana esehambile, wamthumela eKazan Gymnasium ngethemba lokuthi inzalo izothola imfundo ekhazimulayo. Kodwa-ke, i-Itan Shishkin esencane kusukela ebuntwaneni ibukwe ngobuciko obuhehayo. Ngakho-ke, esikhungweni semfundo ngokushesha unesithukuthezi, futhi wayiphonsa, ethi akafuni ukuguqula isikhulu.
Ukubuyela ekhaya kwendodana kukhungathekile abazali, ikakhulukazi i-Silos, ngokushesha nje lapho izindonga zokuzivocavoca zesokunxele, zaqala ukudonsela ngokuzinikela. Umama uMama u-Alexandrovna wathukutheliswa ukuhluleka kuka-Ivan, ecasukile futhi iqiniso lokuthi osemusha akayona ehambelana nezindaba zasekhaya, ehlala futhi asebenzelana nanoma ngubani ongadingi noma ngubani ongadingi noma ngubani odinga " Ubaba wamxhasa oshade naye, yize emfihlakalo wabuzwa ebungwini bemicu yenhle. Ukuze ungahleki abazali, umculi owenziwayo ekudwebeni ebusuku - ngakho-ke kwaqokwa izinyathelo zokuqala.
Ukupenda
Isikhathi sokuba yisikhathi, i-Ivan "echithiwe" ibhulashi. Kepha lapho abaculi abadedelwa e-Elabugu, abadedelwa enhlokodolobha yokupenda kwe-iconostasis yesonto, noShishkin okokuqala ngqa ngokungathi sína ngomsebenzi wokudala. Njengoba sengifundile kumaSulumane ngokuba khona kwesikole sokupenda nobabazi, le nsizwa yabamba umlilo ngephupho ngokuqinisekile ube ngumfundi walesi sikhungo esihle semfundo.
Ubaba onobunzima, kepha usavuma ukuvumela indodana iye emaphethelweni amabanga amade - inqobo nje uma inzalo ayiphonseli futhi ifunde lapho, futhi izophenduka i-charles yesibili i-bryullov. I-biography yeGreat Shishkin yabonisa - igama eliphambi komzali liba nekhono.
Ngo-1852, isikole seMoscow sokupenda nokwesabisa sangena ezikhungweni zawo u-Ivan Shishkin, owawa ngaphansi komondli womculi - umfanekiso u-Apollo Mokritsky. Umdwebi wasemqalayo waheha izindawo zomhlaba, emdwebeni owenziwa ngazo. Ngokushesha ngethalente eliqhakazile le-asterisk entsha ngobuciko obubonayo, isikole sonke safunda: Othisha nabanye abafunda nabo bagubha isipho esiyingqayizivele ukudweba insimu ejwayelekile noma inengqondo kakhulu.
IDiploma yesikole saseSchishkina yaphenduka encane, kwathi ngo-1856 yangena esikhungweni sobuciko saseSt. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts, nayo eyayinqoba izinhliziyo zothisha. U-Ivan Ivanovich wafunda ngenkuthalo futhi wamangala amakhono avelele ngokupenda.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, lo mculi wahamba ehlobo eSumeni wayisa esiqhingini saseValam, ezinhlobonhlobo zakhe esikhathini esizayo zithole indondo enkulu yegolide evela e-Academy. Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe, ifilimu le-piggyback lagcwaliswa ngezindondo ezimbili ezincane zesiliva nezincane zemidwebo enezindawo ze-St. Petersburg.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwe-Academy, u-Ivan Ivanovich wakwazi ukuthuthukisa ikhono phesheya. Isikhungo esineziqu esinethalente siqoke umhlalaphansi okhethekile, noShishkin, singakhathali ngokunakekela ukwenza ucezu lwesinkwa, saya eMunich, bese ku-zurich, geneva naseDusseldorf.
Lapha umculi wazama amabutho e-vodka ye-vodka eqoshwe ", okulotshwe kakhulu, lapho isithombe esishunyayelwe khona esishicilelwe" ukubuka eduzane ne-Düsseldorrf ". Kugqamile, umsebenzi womoya waya ezweni lakubo - ngoba uShishkin wakhe uthole isihloko se-Academian.
Kwaphela iminyaka eyisithupha, wajwayelana nemvelo yezwe langaphandle, kepha uTosca ezweni lakubo wathatha phezulu, u-Ivan Shishkin wabuyela ezweni lakubo. Eminyakeni yokuqala, umdwebi waphonsela inselelo ngokungakhathali endabeni yaseRussia efuna izindawo ezithokozisayo, imvelo engajwayelekile. Lapho kuvela eSt. Petersburg, abaculi abaculi babamba iqhaza ezindabeni. Umdwebi waxosha ubungani noKonstantin Savitsky, i-Archka ye-Queenji no-Ivan Kramsky.
Kuma-70s, kwangezwa amakilasi. U-Ivan Ivanovich wasungulwa kanye nozakwabo ngokubambisana kwemibukiso yobuciko beselula, ngokuhambisana nokujoyina inhlangano yabase-Aquafortists. Bekulinde indoda kanye nesihloko esisha - ukupenda "ihlane lasehlathini", i-Academy yamisa kuye oprofesa abaningi.
Engxenyeni yesibili yawo-1870s, u-Ivan Shishkin wacishe walahleka indawo ekwazile ukuhlala emibuthanweni yezobuciko. Njengoba esethole inhlekelele yomuntu siqu (ukushona komkakhe), indoda ethile yayiphuza futhi yadida abangane nabathandekayo. Akazange azinze ezandleni zakhe, eshayisa ikhanda lakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wobuciko "Rye", "iqhwa lokuqala", "uPine Bor" wavela ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zenkosi. Umbuso ka-Ivan Ivanovich uqobo uchazwe kanjena: "Yini manje engiyithandayo kakhulu? Impilo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwayo, manje, njengakuhlala njalo. "
Ngaphambi nje kokuba afe ka-Ivan Shishkin amenywe ukuba afundise esikoleni sobuciko obuphakeme e-Academy of Arts. Ukuphela kwekhulu le-XIX kuphawulwe ukwehla kwesikole sabaculi abadala, osemusha wakhetha ukunamathela kwezinye izimiso zobuhle, noma kunjalo
U-Ivan Ivanovich wayethanda ukuxhumana nababhali abasebasha futhi waze wazama ukwenza izinhloso ezintsha emsebenzini wakhe. Ngesikhathi sokufundisa, umdwebi wabheka umculi ovelele uValentina Serov.
Ukuhlola ithalente lomculi, abalandeli bezingobo zikaShishkin bakuqhathanisa nesazi sebhayoloji - esifisweni sokuveza ubuhle bendabuko u-Ivan Ivanovich ngokucophelela batadishe kahle izitshalo. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka emsebenzini, wawela ama-moss, amaqabunga amancane, utshani.
Kancane kancane, kwakhiwa isitayela sayo esikhethekile, lapho izivivinyo zazithathwa khona ngenhlanganisela yamabhulashi ahlukahlukene, ama-smears, imizamo yokudlulisa imibala nemibala engathandeki. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sika-Ivan Shishkin yimbongi yemvelo, ekwazi ukubona umlingiswa ekhoneni ngalinye.
I-geography yopende wobubanzi obubanzi: U-Ivan Ivanovich waphefumulelwa indawo enhle kaZiqu-zintathu - uSergius Lavra, ihlathi esiqhingini sokulahleka, ama-expanses eSokolnikov naseSestoretsk. Umculi upende eBelovezhskaya pushcha futhi, kunjalo, endabeni yakhe yendabuko, lapho eza khona ukuvakasha.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi uShishkin wayengahlali esebenza yedwa. Isibonelo, ukubhala isilwane kanye nesilwane sikaKonstantin Sovitsky sika kanye noComrade Konstantin Savitsky kwasiza isithombe sika "ekuseni ehlathini likaphayini" - kusuka ngaphansi kwepeni lalo mculi eCanvas kweza. Lesi sithombe sinamasiginesha amabili e-copyright.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yobumnandi obunobuhlakani yayibuhlungu. U-Ivan Shishkin uqale waya ngaphansi komqhele - eneminyaka engama-36 kuphela. Ngo-1868, washada nothando olukhulu nodadewabo womculi uFyodor Vyodor Evgenia evgenia evgenia evgenia. Kulomshado, u-Ivan Ivanovich wayejabule kakhulu, akazange abekezelele ukwahlukana okude futhi aphuthuma njalo ngaphambili ukuze abuyele ezivela eRussia eRussia eRussia.
U-Evgenia Aleksandrovna wabeletha amadodana amabili nendodakazi yakhe, uShishkin waphuza ubudoda bakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi wazwa umnikazi owemukelayo, owakujabulela ukuthatha izivakashi endlini. Kepha ngo-1874, oshade naye washona, futhi ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuthola indodana encane.
Ngobunzima bokubuyisa usizi, uShishkin washada nomfundi wakhe, umculi uLadoga. Ngemuva konyaka emshadweni, lona wesifazane wafa, eshiya u-Ivan Ivanovich nendodakazi yakhe ezandleni zakhe.
I-Biographers Qaphela isici esisodwa somlingiswa ka-Ivan Shishkin. Eminyakeni yokufunda esikoleni, wayegqoke igama lesidlaliso le-monk - ngakho-ke wabizwa ngednyela ukunyanya nokuvalwa. Kodwa-ke, labo abakwaziyo ukuba ngumngane wakhe, bazibuza ukuthi le ndoda ibikhuluma isikhathi esingakanani futhi ihlekisa ngombuthano wabathandekayo.
Ukushona
U-Ivan Ivanovich washiya lo mhlaba, njengoba amakhosi ancike, emsebenzini wobuciko obulalile. Ngosuku lwentwasahlobo olunelanga lwango-1898, umculi ekuseni wahlala phansi e-Easel. Emhlanganweni wokusebenzela, ngaphandle kwakhe, umsizi osebenze, owatshela imininingwane yokufa kothisha.
UShishkin uveze okuthile okufana noZovka, ikhanda lakhe nje lashona esifubeni. Udokotela watholakala igebe lenhliziyo. Umdwebo "wombuso wamahlathi" akaqediwe, futhi umsebenzi wokugcina ophelile womdwebi yi- "Spove Grove", namuhla kuyajabulisa izivakashi zomnyuziyamu waseRussia.
U-Ivan Shishkin waqala ukungcwatshwa emathuneni aseSmolensk Orthodox (eSt.
Imidwebo
- Ngo-1870 - "Ukuhamba ehlathini"
- Ngo-1871 - "I-Birch Forest"
- Ngo-1878 - "I-Birch Grove"
- Ngo-1878 - "Rye"
- Ngo-1882 - "Onqenqemeni lwehlathi likaphayini"
- Ngo-1882 - "Insimu Yehlathi"
- 1882 - "Kusihlwa"
- 1883 - "I-Creek eBirch Forest"
- Ngo-1884 - "Ihlathi Dali"
- Ngo-1884 - "Uphayini esihlabathini"
- Ngo-1884 - "Polesie"
- Ngo-1885 - "Morning Morning"
- Ngo-1887 - "I-Oak Grove"
- Ngo-1889 - "ekuseni ehlathini likaphayini"
- Ngo-1891 - "Imvula Ehlathini laseDubov"
- Ngo-1891 - "Enyakatho yeWild ..."
- Ngo-1891 - "Ngemuva kwesivunguvungu eMary Hovi"
- Ngo-1895 - "ihlathi"
- Ngo-1898 - "Ship Grove"