I-Biograge
Umlobi waseSulumane waseRussia, i-PlayWright, i-Satirik noKinorstaster yuri u-Olesha baletha umhlaba inoveli yenoluy "obaba abanethalente" futhi inqwaba yeminye imisebenzi emangazayo isethwe endaweni yezemidlalo kanye nezibani zamafilimu aphilayo.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umbhali othandekayo ngezigidi wazalwa ngonyaka we-1899 e-Elisavetgrad (manje eKropyvnytsky). Uhlobo ludala, izimpande zakhe zilandelwa ngekhulu le-XV, kusuka eBoyarin Oleshi Petrovich, ovikele iPrince Foodor Borovsky ukulethwe ubunikazi bendawo yaseBerezhnoye, khona-ke ingxenye yesifunda esikhulu saseLithuania nasePoland (namuhla Belarus) . U-Orthodox Elesha Petrovich waxhunyaniswa futhi washintshelwa ubuKatolika.
Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ngemuva kwengxenye yeCommonwealth of the Worth, uMbuso WaseRussia wadlula, kanti u-Oleshi waba izicukuthwane zaseBelaria, eshiya ulimi lokuxhumana lwesiPolan. Ubaba wabalobi wesikhathi esizayo - UKarl Olesha - wayeyisikhulu esithi Stocise futhi umninindlu: ephethe impahla yamahlathi ebizwa ngokuthi igama elithi "amayunithi". UKarl noMfowethu - abagembuli abane-avid - bathengisa ifa lezikweletu.
Emanzini izinkumbulo zezingane zikaYuri, u-Oleshi wahlala egibele ama-fries, impilo efulethini kanokusho kanye namahlaya ngenxa ye-popuga kayise kanye nokubuya sekwedlule isikhathi kusuka kumakilabhu. Kamuva, u-Elesha uzobhala ukuthi "amakilabhu angenye yamagama amakhulu wobuntwana bami." Umama uYuri - umdwebi onekhono nobuhle olga, owabizwa ngokuthi uRafael.
U-Yuri wahlala e-Elisavetgrad iminyaka emithathu yokuqala, khona-ke umndeni wathuthela e-Odessa. Ukukhuliswa komfana kwabandakanyeka ekukhulumeni ugogo wasePoland. Imicimbi yokuguqula i-Melskiburbuzuaznaya umndeni u-Olezha uthathe umgaxa. Ukufika e-Odessa yempi yokuhlubuka "uPotemkin" wabangela ukwethuka futhi kulindele ukuphela kwempilo yangaphambili.
Ngo-11, uYuri waba ngumfundi weRichelian Gymnasium. I-Ironic Fentry esencane ekilasini yesaba: ukungena emkhakheni wokunakwa kwesilonda u-Oleshi kwakusho ukuthula kwayo yonke indawo yokuzivocavoca isikhathi eside. Kakade umfana wayephethe inganekwane emangalisayo futhi wabekwa phansi.
Imigqa yokuqala emibi emneshweni yabhalela esikoleni esiphakeme. E-Odessa "Southern Herald" Isiphithiphithi esibhaliwe sensizwa yenzeka: Ihhovisi lokuhlela lathatha le nkondlo "Clarem" ukuphrinta. Ngo-1917, uYuri Olesha uthole isitifiketi sokuvuthwa kwangena e-University of Odessa ngokukhetha ubuhlakani bomthetho.
Into yokufunda
Izihlobo ezingazange zamukele izinguquko zathunyelwa ePoland, futhi wenqaba futhi wahlala eSouth Palmyra, lapho impilo yezemibhalo ibibilisa khona. Ngokubambisana noValentin Kataev no-Ilya Ilfom, wajoyina "izimbongi zezinkondlo". Edolobheni eliseLwandle Olumnyama, kungemva kwalokho kwaba nezinhlangano ezibhaliwe. Ezilalelini ezi-8 ze-University of ngoLwesine zibanjwa kusihlwa ama-odessans anekhono. U-Dummies osemusha obizwa ngokuthi uNikolai Gumileva, u-Alexander Blok, igorr Norther.
Isiphithiphithi esimangazayo sika-Oleshi - umdlalo obizwa ngokuthi "inhliziyo encane" kwenzeka e-Odessa. Ubekwe ngamalungu emibuthano ebhala. Umbhalo wokubhala walahleka, kodwa e-Biography ye-Crivu yombhali, umdlalo wadlala indima: U-Yuri wezwa izimpendulo zomdlandla zokuqala.
Ngawo-1920, iparele yasolwandle, eyayihamba kaningi isuka lapho iyongena esandleni, yathatha ibutho elibomvu. Amagagasi ababaleki aletha abantu abanethalente kuwo wonke umbuso owabhubhisa. Imbongi noPrisaik uVladimir Narbut wafika edolobheni, okwathonya impilo kaYury Oleshi.
Manje abalobi be-Odessa baqamba amathekisthi asebekhulayo kumaphosta namapheshana, imisebenzi ehlelekile ezindaweni ezisebenzayo, ezivule ezindaweni zokudlela ezihamba phambili kanye namakhekhe. Ukudlalwa okusha okusebenzayo kwe-Oleshi "umdlalo we-plach" wabona esigabeni semidlalo yaseshashalazini ye-revolutionary satire.
Entwasahlobo ka-1921, u-Elesha noKataev bathuthela eNarbet eKharkov, lapho umbhali waphathiswa khona ukuhola i-Ukraine Radio Telegrafered ejensi. U-Yuri Olesha wazinza eshashalazini "elilinganiselayo", kodwa ngonyaka owedlule inkampani yathuthela enhlokodolobha. EMoscow, ama-odessans ahlala embhalweni womlobi futhi athole umsebenzi ephephandabeni laseGudok, ekhasini lokuthi uMikhail Bulgakov, u-Ivgen Ilf noJevegery Petrov bashicilelwa. Umlobi wabizwa ngokuthi "Gudkovsky" isikhathi esihle kakhulu empilweni.
U-Yuri wakhonza emnyangweni wolwazi lapho izimvilophini zinemvilophu yezincwadi zokuhlela: eMoscow, ngemuva kwe-Odessa yesiFundazwe, u-Elesha waqala umsebenzi wakhe kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngemuva konyaka, inhloko yoMnyango, ufunda imibhalo yesingaphansi, ephathiswe ukubhala i-feuille emavesini. Embuzweni wokuthi ngubani okufanele asayine, welule "i-pseudonym" chisel ".
I-Debut enomqhele ngempumelelo. E-Beep "ngemuva kwalokho kwavela ukuthi ama-Fewons amasha asayinwe nge-" chisel ". Izinto zokwakha u-Olese zilethe i-slackory ebhalwe ukweba, isibindi, ama-bureaucracy nezinye izilonda zomphakathi ezifundeni. Abafundi bezinkondlo ezimhlophe badla i-yury Eleshi bathande, bafika kumakhulu ezimpendulo.
Ngo-1924, umlobi wethule abafundi i-The Volul Brouls esemthandela - inoveli-inganekwane "obaba abathathu". Washicilelwa eminyakeni engu-4 kamuva. Umqondo wokubhala inganekwane efanelekile evela kuJuri Oleshi ehostela "Hoodekey" (leli yigumbi lakhe ngaphandle kwefenisha ngemuva kwe-CHLIPPORPPIPTION ILF kanye nePetrov echazwe ku- "Izihlalo eziyi-12"). Efasiteleni elibhekene nomlobi babona ubuhle bentsha, bafunda ngentshiseko incwadi. Intombazane yabizwa ngokuthi i-Valentina Grunzezide. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, waba ngumkakhe ka-Evgeny Petrov.
Futhi-ke u-Olemacea, owayehlaba umxhwele, owayehlaba umxhwele, owayehlaba umxhwele ekufundeni izinganekwane afunga ukuthi abhale inganekwane engcono kunaleyo yedane. Endlini yokuphrinta babamba umqulu wephepha futhi, bagingqa phansi, inoveli yabhala ebusuku. Uhlobo lokuqala lwalunikelwe eValentina Grunzezide.
U-Odessa Omfudumele waqakwa edolobheni lamafutha. Inganekwane ye-carnival inganekwane enesiguquli senguquko efundwa kalula, izimangaliso zombhali we-fantasy nezobukhazikhazi azithandayo. Ngawo-1930s, inganekwane yaqala yahlelwa ekwakhekeni kwe-MCAT. I-tradatization ihunyushelwa ezilimini eziyi-17 futhi namuhla ibekwe ezigcawini zomhlaba wonke. Ngo-1966, u-Alexey Batalov noJoseph Shapero basusa isithombe esithi "Obaba Abathathu.
Ephrintayo, inganekwane yafika kuphela ngemuva kokuphumelela kwezindlebe kwenoveli yesibili ka-Oleshi, eyayiphuma ngo-1927. Inoveli esemandleni entelligentsia ngemuva kokuthi uguquko kubhekwa njengokuhamba phambili efeni laseYuri Oleshi. Ophuphayo kusuka "emona" uNikolai Kavalerov, lapho kuqakwa khona izici zomlobi, abantu besikhathi sabantu ababebizwa ngokuthi iqhawe lesikhathi. Maphakathi nawo-1930s, igumbi lika-Abrama lasusa idrama elithi "nsizwa eqinile."
Impumelelo enkulu yenoveli yavula umgwaqo "Amadoda amathathu anamafutha": Inganekwane "yangaphambili" ayiphrintwa ngenxa yokwanqatshelwa kohlobo lwezinkathi zombuso omncane.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1930, u-Elesha wabhala "umona" udlala "uzungu lwezinzwa", kodwa ukucwaninga kwabona ukugxekwa kukho kwavinjwa. Umlobi uhlehlisa umsebenzi, ebiza "uhlu lwayo olukhulu". Ngo-1931, ukudlala kwathatha i-Theatre Repetoire vsevolod meyerhold. Ukukhiqizwa kwahamba izinkathi ezintathu ezibukweni ezinabantu abaningi, kodwa ngokushesha kwenzeka ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa: Izikhulu zaphinde zathola iKramol.
Umbhali wathula isikhathi eside. Ozakwethu abaningi, abangane abaseduze, u-Oleshi ucindezele, kwavinjelwa umsebenzi wakhe. Ukuqala kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe uYuri Elesha wasinda lapho kuphuma eTurkmenistan.
Ukuvinjelwa kwezincwadi kwasuswa maphakathi nawo-1950, kepha u-Olezha wabhala kancane. Lokhu kwakuyinto ikakhulukazi yokudlala ngamanoveli ama-Classics - dostoevsky, Chekhov. U-Yuri Karlovich ubehleli ngemuva kwengilazi yokudlela yendlu yabalali, lapho ozakwabo bahlonishwa khona ngenhlonipho yokumphatha. Amarekhodi e-diaries, aqoqwe futhi ashicilelwe ngemuva kokushona kwakhe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960, afakaze ngesipho esingazelelwe sombhali.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ama-prototypes amantombazane amantombazane avela "kwabesilisa abanamafutha amathathu" kwakungudadewethu uLydia, u-Olga noSeraphim, ababegqoke igama elifanayo. Nginamantombazane, uYuri wahlangana e-Odessa, lapho umndeni wakulowo owayekhona onamathela khona.
Omncane kunabo, uSime, uYuri Olezha wathandana. Babehlala emshadweni womphakathi iminyaka emithathu, kepha uMSELA Onomoya onomoya uSeraphim waphunyuka kabili e-Oleshi. Okwesibili - kumngane uVladimir Narbutu.
Maphakathi nawo-1920, umlobi washada nodade abaphakathi - u-Olga, ayehlala kuwo ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinsuku. Kwakungekho zingane ezijwayelekile, futhi uYuri Karlovich waletha indodana ka-Olga emshadweni wokuqala.
Ukushona
Impilo kaYuri Oleshi incishise umlutha olimazayo wokuphuza. Ngaphambi nje kokuba kufe, umbhali, emaphaketheni lapho kuhamba khona umoya wawuhamba ngalo, wabuza ozakwabo, ukuthi hlobo luni lomngcwabo luzonikezwa. Waphendulwa ukuthi indlela yokugcina yenziwa esigabeni esiphakeme kakhulu. Ngomqondo omubi, u-Elesha wabuza ukuthi bekungeke kwenzeke yini ukuchitha esigabeni esiphansi, nomehluko wokunikeza imali manje.
Ngife umlobi entwasahlobo yango-1960. Wangcwatshwa eNovodervichy. Indawo yathathwa ngaphezulu kwe- "South Country" - emugqeni wokuqala wesigaba sokuqala.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1920 - Inkondlo ye-Agasfer
- 1920 - Beatrice Poem
- Ngo-1920 - Ucezu "Game Game"
- Ngo-1924 - Inganekwane "Obaba Abathathu"
- 1927 - "Umona" WaseRoma
- Ngo-1929 - ucezu "uzungu lwemizwa"
- Ngo-1930 - Uhlu "Uhlu Olukhulu"
- Ngo-1934 - Isimo "Intsha Eqinile"
- 1938 - Isimo "Amasosha eBotov
- Ngo-1939 - Isimo "Unjiniyela Wephutha leCochin"
- 1958 - I-idiot "idiot"
- 1959 - Izimbali "Izimbali"
- Ngo-1959 - I-Peargranate Isongo "
- Ngo-1961 - Amadayari "Awekho Usuku Ngaphandle Komugqa"