I-Biograge
I-Russian Master edumile, edume ngokwenza amaqanda amaqanda ubucwebe, amancane athambile ngokumangazayo futhi ama-filigree, ayaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Kuyafaneleka ukuthi "babger amaqanda", njengoba ekhumbula imisebenzi emangalisayo yobuciko obuvela ezinsimbi eziyigugu namatshe, ayeziqhenya ngomndeni ka-Agasti.
Emithanjeni yenkosi enekhono, igazi laseJalimane ne-Franco-Danish laligeleza ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-Estonia, kodwa ngokuqondile uKarl BALLORFE, owayemi ekhanda lomphakathi waseJalimane eSt. Petersburg, wabeka isikole sobucwebecwebe saseRussia, okuyinhloko umgomo wawo wawuyikhwalithi engenakuqhathaniswa.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, izindlu zobucwebecwebe ubucwebecwebe zivela endalini yomhlaba bese uya kubathengi bezigidi zamaRandi.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubucwebe besikhathi esizayo wazalwa entwasahlobo ka-1846 enhlokodolobha esenyakatho. Umama we-Master edumile - uDane Charlotte Jungststt, indodakazi yomculi. Ubaba Gustav Babger wazalelwa eLivellia (iBaltic German) evela ezinombolweni zeFrance-Guenotov, eya ePrussia ngemuva kokuqedwa kweNange Edicta. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1840s, uGustav Fabge wasungula indawo yokusebenzela ubucwebe edolobheni, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 wathuthela eDresden.
Amakhono obuciko avela eKarl avela ebuntwaneni. Indodana yayinesithakazelo ngokucacile ngobucwebecwebe, futhi uyise wanikeza imfundo ekhethekile: eSt. Petersburg, umfana wanikezwa indawo yokuzivocavoca yangasese. Ngemuva kwalokho le nsizwa yafunda ibhizinisi lezentengiselwano eDresden.
Ngemuva kohambo olude emadolobheni aseYurophu, uKarl wafunda ubucwebe eFrankfurt kusuka eMaster Joseph Friedman.
Ukulenga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, izandla zafunda ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi futhi zibuyiselwe eNorth Palmyra ngo-1864. Emhlanganweni kababa nakwi-hermitage, ubucwebe abasebancane bubuyiselwe ubucwebe basendulo.
Ngo-1872, uGustav babger, owayehlala eDresden, wanikela endodaneni yegunya eneminyaka engama-25 futhi wenza inhloko yenkampani yeSt. Petersburg. Ekuqaleni, abasebenzi abayi-100 esisesimweni sakhe bafakwa kuhlu: Amakhosi amaningi anekhono uKarl abukeka lapho ehamba eYurophu.
Ubucwebe kanye nebhizinisi
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, izindlu zendlu yezabukwa zawa embukisweni wezobuciko baseMoscow kanye nezezimboni, lapho babona khona futhi bayithokozela neNkosi u-Alexander III. Ukusuka kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, i-biography yobucwebecwebe ixhumeke ngokungalingani nomndeni wombuso, oqoqa uKarl Farger futhi adumise imikhiqizo yawo eYurophu. AmaRomanovs ayalwa ubucwebe be-jewellery, abanikeza izihlobo eDenmark, eBrithani, eGrisi.
Encwadini yakwa-1900 yaseRussia yaseRussia, isihloko esithi "Master of the Paris Guild of Jerelers" sahlonishwa futhi umyalo weLe Ninsion eqiniswe nguNapoleon wethulwa. Emgwaqweni omkhulu wasolwandle edolobheni, kwavela ukwakhiwa kwale nkampani: Le ndlu yenziwa ngumndeni - Karl Schmidt. Phansi komhlaba bekukhona ama-workshops kanye nesitolo, ezinye izitezi ezintathu zathatha umndeni.
Iqanda lobucwebe bokuqala le-babger lavela ngo-1885. Ngayala umbusi womkhiqizo umfazi kaMaria Fedorovna njengesipho se-Ista. Iqanda libizwa ngokuthi "inkukhu" noma "inkukhu". Ngokuqhathanisa nokuphumula, umkhiqizo ubukeka elula: ngaphezulu koqweqwe olumhlophe, ngaphakathi - ku-Golden "yolk" - inkukhu eyenziwe ngegolide elinemibala, lapho i-ruby Crown yayicashe khona.
Umqondo weqanda lapho ukumangala kwakucashe, akulona kuKarl BAFRE: Amakhophi okuqala amaqanda avela ngekhulu le-XVIII. Le mikhiqizo enjalo yagcinwa emnyangweni weNkosi iDenmark, uyise kankosikazi ka-Alexander III, uNee Maria Sophia Frederical Dagmar. Inkosi yaseRussia yafisa ukwenza umkakhe abe yisipho esasizokhumbuza izwe lakubo.
Ukumangala kwe-Empress kuthandile ukuthi uKarl FabrE waba ubucwebe benkantolo futhi wathola i-oda: Njalo ngonyaka ukujabulisa umndeni ka-Agasti ngeqanda elisha eliyigugu elinemfihlo. UNicholas II wakuthola njengesiko futhi waphinda kabili i-oda: UKarl BABAWU NONYY MANJE TO BASTERS ADGERS ARECS - Umama weKing noMlingani.
Umdwebo weqanda wavunywa yinhloko yeNdlu yokuhweba, ngemuva kwalokho amakhosi amahle kakhulu athathwe emsebenzini. Umlando ugcinwe amagama e-Mikhail Parchin (Karelian Nugget), Augustus Holstrom, Eric Collin. Nge-Romanov Trading House babger rose kubasebenzi abangama-500.
"Imfashini" yesipho samaqanda ama-Easter babukwa, i-Romanov yethulwa yi-Romanov, isakazeka phezu kweYurophu: ama-oda athole indlu yobucwebecwebe baseRussia abavela phesheya. Yaziwa ngemikhiqizo engu-15, 7 okwakaNkarl FabrE wadala umgodi wegolide u-Alexander Kelha. Amaqanda amaqanda ayi-8 asele kanye nabafundi bakhe benzele uFelix Yusupov, ama-duchess of malboro, amaRothschilds.
Imikhiqizo yamatshe e-Russian jewerser ishayisa izinqumo ezingalindelekile. UKarl Farger ngesibindi wahlola: Isisekelo sama-brooches angenza i-karelian birch, yabuyisa ucezu lokhuni emadayimane. Wayevame ukusebenza namatshe ayigugu anezinhlaka nezinto ezibonakalayo ezibhekwa "ezingezinhle". Kepha umsebenzi wawugqilazwa kangangokuba washaya amakhasimende afunwa kakhulu.
I-Fabre's workshop yadume nge-eamel eyingqayizivele: Amakhulu ama-Shades Colour Shades kanye ne-Guilloche Technique (ama-notches ahlanganisiwe ngemuva kwesizinda esikhulu, ehlanganiswe nezendlalelo ze-varnish) eguqule umkhiqizo ngobungcweti. Imidwebo ye-koqwel, amawashi, amabhokisi, ukuklebhula kanye nezindlebe njengokungathi kukhanya ngaphakathi futhi kwabonakala kubuyiselwe ku-multi.
Indlu yokuhweba ikhiqize ubucwebe bentengo enhle nemikhiqizo yokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi. Ngo-1914, uchungechunge lwamagumbi ethusi avela ethuneni, iziboshwa zafika. Kepha inkazimulo enkulu kunazo zonke ye-babref's House yaletha amaqanda ama-jewerry ama-Easter: emndenini wasebukhosini kule ndawo yokusebenzela, kwadalwa amakhophi angama-54.
Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwefektri kwango-Okthoba kanye nezitolo zobucwebecwebe bempi yezwe. E-Petrograd, amaBolsheviks akhiphe imikhiqizo eqediwe nezinqolobane zamatshe ayigugu nezinsimbi, ngaphandle kokukhokha ipeni lesinxephezelo. Eminye imikhiqizo ikwazile ukususa amadodana kaKarl BALRERT eya eFinland.
Ubuciko obusezingeni eliphezulu lamandla athengisiwe, agcwalise uMgcinimafa Wesimo sentsha. Amaqanda ayisithupha ama-Easter athole ummeleli wendlu yezitolo yaseBrithani uWartski Emmanuel snouumen esitolo se-petrograd.
Ekwindla ka-1918, uKarl Fabler wabalekela ngasese eRiga: Ubucwebe basebukhosini besaba ukuboshwa kanye nokubulawa. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwamaBolsheviks eLatvia, i-Master yaya eJalimane. Lapho iBerlin ihlanganisa i-November Revolution, izimbumbulu zathuthela eFrankfurt am main, lapho futhi engazange zilibambezele.
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo ye-babre echitheke eWiesbaden. Ngemuva kokushaqeka kwenguquko kanye nokuphangwa kwale ndawo, inkosi eyaziwayo yawa emoyeni futhi yaphinda lokho "akusekho impilo."
Ngo-2004, usomabhizinisi waseRussia kanye neBillionaire Victor Vekselberg ngama- $ 100 million athenge amaqanda ayi-9 ukusuka kuma-malcolm amaqanda angu-9 aqala - "Inkukhu") abuyele eRussia. Ngibonga usomabhizinisi eSt. Petersburg, kwavela i-Fabger Museum.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UKarl Fabrge ushade kanye kuphela: umkakhe ngonyaka we-1872 waba yintombazane egama lingu-Auguste Julia Jacobs. Ngo-1874, u-Auguste wabeletha umyeni wakhe, ogama lakhe lingu-Eugene. Wangena ezinyathelweni zikayise, wafunda icala lobucwebe, wasebenza emhlanganweni wokusebenzela wabazali, kwathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1920 wathuthela eFrance.
Ngo-1876, indodana yesibili yazalwa - i-Agafon babrge. Entwasahlobo yango-1895, wajoyina ibhizinisi lomndeni, futhi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1890s waba yi-appraiser yegceke lombuso. Ubudlelwano be-Agafon Karlovich noyise bashaywa ngemuva kokubila ekwelani (kamuva umngane womndeni wavuma). Ngawo-1920s, indodana kaJehova odumile yasebenza ngabagunyazwe nguGokhran. Ngo-1927, kwaphela eFinland, lapho ayehlala khona ebuphofini.
Indodana yesithathu yobucwebecwebe ubukhosi, u-Alexander wazalwa ngo-1877. Ngithuthele eParis nakanye noMfoweth 'u-Evgeny wasungula inkampani ye-babger ne-K. Okwesine, omncane, indodana kaCharles - uNikolai - ezalwe ngo-1884. Waba ngumqambi wobucwebecwebe. Kusukela ngo-1906 wasebenza egatsheni lezibukwa enhloko-dolobha yaseBrithani.
Eminyakeni engu-56, inhloko yendlu yobucwebecwebe yathandana nomculi oneminyaka engu-21 uCafethuntana Amalia Crybel, Czech. Kwakungeke kuzange ukudivosa unkosikazi wobucwebecwebe bakaJehova abahlonishwayo, kodwa futhi nesifiso se-Amalie esencane asikwazanga ukunqoba. Njalo ngonyaka uKarl FabrE wahamba izinyanga ezintathu eYurophu, ebamba umculi.
Ngo-1912, uKribel washada nenkosana yomndeni wasendulo waseGeorgia futhi wathatha igama likaCycianov. Umyeni wami uhambe masinyane, futhi ukuxhumana noKarl akuzange kwephule. I-Amalia ibizwa nge-mata hari yesibili. UCtsianov uphinde waqashwa amaJalimane nabase-Austria. Ukufika eRussia ngesikhathi sempi wasiza uBarger. Entwasahlobo yango-1916, u-Amalia waboshwa wadingiselwa eSiberia. Nge-carl babger, isithandwa sokugcina sasingasafezeki, futhi ubucwebe babunobunzima ngenxa yokuxhumana neSpy Spy yase-Austrian.
Ukushona
Odokotela babeke ubucwebe obuneminyaka engu-74 ubudala impilo ezolile futhi yakalwa, ukubekezela ngokuqinile - okwakubekezelela ukubhema: UBrege waba nenhliziyo egulayo.
Ababomdabu bathutha inhloko yomndeni baya ogwini lweLake Geneva, elalidume ngesimo sezulu. Usomabhizinisi olahlekelwe yimpilo yonke ephathwe yiBolsheviks futhi - ngokuya ngezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene - ama- $ 500 million, hhayi ukubala umhlaba, futhi akazange alulame esitelekeni.
NgoSepthemba 1920, uKarl BAFREGE, naphezu kwemikhawulo yodokotela, waphinda wahlanganisa i-cigar enamandla. Anginaso isikhathi sokuphela: wafa, wathandana kuze kube yingxenye. Ukungcwatshwa kwabukwa emathuneni amakhulu ama-jas.
Ukukhumbula
- ESt. Petersburg kukhona isikwele sikaCharles Fabger
- NgoNovemba 19, 2013 eSt. Petersburg esigodlweni saseNaryshkin-Shuvalov, kwavulwa i-Fabgeum Museum
- EKiev, kukhona i-plaque yesikhumbuzo ukuhlonipha ubucwebe obudumile
- E-Odessa, esakhiweni sehhotela lendawo, lapho salon jewelry of charles babger betholakala emiyalweni yokuhweba yemfashini eya e-Bolshevik Revolution, kwafakwa i-Plaque yeSikhumbuzo
- EBaden-Baden, kukhona i-fabgeum Museum - eyokuqala emhlabeni, enikezelwe ngokuphelele emisebenzini yobucwebecwebe
- EMoscow kukhona ikolishi lamagama obuhlobisi ahlobisa futhi asebenzisa ubuciko be-karl babger