I-Biograge
UKira Muratova ungene emlandweni we-cinema njengombhali we- "movie engalungile", amafilimu angenangqondo futhi azihlukanise ne-biography enzima yokudala. Umqondisi waphakamisa izihloko zenhlalo ebusayo, waphendukela ezicebeni zonya, wabonisana kakhulu ngemingcele yokuziphatha, futhi enye yezinhloso zakhe azithandayo - isihogo emhlabeni. Abagxeki be-Kiru Georgievna basolwa ngo "Chernumh", kepha isibukeli esilungiselelwe ngefilimu entsha ngayinye saqala ukuthandana nalona wesifazane onekhono owayekhethe insimu ye-copyright eyayikhethe insimu ye-copyright eyayikhethe insimu ye-copyright eyayikhethile.Ubuntwana nentsha
UKira Muratova wazalelwa emndenini onzima ohlala edolobheni laseSoroka eBessarabia (eRomania). Ubaba uYuri aleksandrovich korotkov ngaphambi kwempi namaJalimane asebenze njengonobhala wekomidi elingaphansi komhlaba leqembu lamaKhomanisi, kwathi ngo-1941, njengengxenye ye-trangen ye-properan yafa.
Umama uNatalia Isaakovna, umJuda wobuzwe, kusukela ngo-1928 wayesephathini yamaKhomanisi eRomania. Ngemuva kwempi, lona wesifazane wathatha usihlalo wesiko lesiko laseRiphabhuliki, waba yingxenye ye-USSR.
Engxoxweni, uKira Georgievna wakhumbula ukuthi wayevame ukuba noMama emsebenzini. Inkonzo yabelwa igumbi elihlukile lokubuka amafilimu aphesheya, futhi ikakhulukazi ukudlula okukhethekile, okuyinto intombazane eyayithola kumzali ibiqala ukujabula ikakhulukazi.
Ucezu lwephepha lwavula iminyango yanoma iyiphi i-cinema yeBucharest, kanye noKoresi omncane kaningi ngemuva kwesikole sagijima saba yizikhathi ezithile. Ngaleso sikhathi, ekuphazanyisweni ku-Foyer of Cinemas, umphakathi wawujabulisa ngamanani omlingo nabahlabeleli. Lapho intombazane ibona osaziwayo "ebukhoma" - uPeter Leshchenko waya emvelweni isikhathi eside.
Ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, uKira osemusha waya enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, lapho angena khona ubuhlakani bePhilology University eMoscow State. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ngabona ukuthi wayethambisa i-cinema, futhi wanquma ukuzama injabulo eVcika. Le ntombazane yafika ku-Director, ishaya iphiko lamakhosi adumile eSergey Gerasimov naseTamara Makarova.
Amafilimu
Ngo-1961, uKira Muratova njengoba uMqondisi wajoyina osebenza nabo kwi-Odessa Film Studio. Okokuqala ngqa wasebenza ngebhangqa nomyeni wakhe u-Alexander Muratov, isiphetho sajoyina lesi sikhungo. Umbhangqwana waletha izwe lemidwebo "nge-yar epholile" (1962) kanye "nesinkwa sethu esithembekile" (1964).
I-solo, ukuqala komqondisi kudambiswe ngo-1967. Isibukeli sathola umsebenzi omuhle oshiya akekho umuntu ongenandaba, "imihlangano emifushane." I-melodrama ethinta inhliziyo kanxantathu wothando iyaphawuleka ngamaphuzu ambalwa.
IMuratov ngokwayo yabekwa inkanyezi ethepheni, isithombe esikhulu sabesilisa senziwa yi-Vladimir Vysotsky edumile, kanti uNina Ruslanova wadlalwa indima yesibili yabesifazane, ebonakala efuna izikrini zaseSoviet okokuqala. Lesi sithombe saphuma nohlelo olunqunyelwe, umbukiso ogcwele ogcwele kwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 - base bekwazisa ukudala i-solo yalowo mqondisi wabaseRussia abangaphezu kwezigidi ezine.
Isithombe esilandelayo "Izintambo ezinde" (1971) zazingeneme ngokuphelele. Ubuholi beStudio ye-Master Runvituty Decivity abuwubonga umsebenzi womsebenzi weminyaka emibili, ngenxa yalokho, umbukiso washukunyiswa phansi ekwakheni kabusha. UKira Muratova, osuswe kubaqondisi, akakwazanga ukumelana nengcindezelo futhi washiya u-Odessa.
Owesifazane wazinza eLeningrad, lapho "uLenfilm" amafilimu aqala khona ukudala itheyipu "eguqula ukukhanya okumhlophe", okwajabulisa nezilaleli ngo-1978. I-penetrant, indaba enhle yaqoqa uNina Ruslanov, u-Alexey Zharkov, uLyudmila Gurchenko kusethi. Ngemuva kokubuka iba nzima lapho uRenata Litvinova, othanda abathembekile beKira, ugqolozele izinyathelo zokuqala kuMqondisi.
Ukucwaninga kwalandela uMuratov ezithendeni zakhe. Inhlamba yaphenduka ifilimu "phakathi kwamatshe amhlophe" (1983), lapho kuvela khona izinto ngomusa zokuxoshwa. Yebo, ngakho uKira Georgievna wenqabile ukukhombisa igama lakhe kumakhredithi.
Ukushona kwelanga kuphela kwenkathi yeSoviet Union, umqondisi wabubula ngokukhululeka, esethole ithuba lokudala indlela njengoba etshela inhliziyo. Ngesandla sakhe sokukhanya esikrinini "Shintsha isiphetho" kanye nedrama yomoya onamabili nge "Asthenic Syndrome" avele.
Ifilimu lokugcina lenze umfutho emibuthanweni yabagxeki kanye nezibukeli - nokuqukethwe, nokwakheka, kanye nokufakwa okukhethekile kwefilimu elimnyama namhlophe, elinye limbala). Ngaphezu kwalokho, okokuqala ngqa kwifilimu yaseRussia, umqondisi wavunyelwa ukukhala kusuka esikrinini sesilulumagama angcolile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlaselwa ezweni lakubo kwadlula ngemuva, ngoba into esemqoka eyayifinyelela phesheya - ukwamukelwa phesheya: Umsebenzi uthole umklomelo okhethekile weJury ye-Berlin Fill festival.
Umsebenzi olandelayo obonakalayo wawusuvele wazalwa phakathi kokuhlelwa kabusha kabusha. Ngo-1994, uKira Muratova waqala wavele wahlunga iLitvinov esheshayo e "ukuzilibazisa", okwaba umnyuziyamu weMinyuziyamu. Futhi izindima zakhe ekuqaleni esimweni sasingekho, uKira wafika kamuva nesithombe ngokuqondile. UMuratova utshele umbono wokuqala wabalingisi:
"Sihlangane emcimbini we-Arsenal eRiga. Ngokushesha ngacabanga ukuthi kufanele isuswe, wayenobuhle futhi ebukeka, futhi indlela yokukhuluma. "Lesi sithombe sizolile, sikhanyisi, kepha sidideka, siphawulwe umklomelo we-Nika. Umlingisi ngezinwele ezimangazayo eKira esizayo uzosusa amahlandla ambalwa: URenata ukhanya emlandweni wemithathu othokozisayo, oqokelwe i-Berlin "ebherdi", e-ajuromedy "amabili endaweni eyodwa", idrama yezenhlalo Mayelana nentsha izivunguvungu "Melody for Scarmer". Onke amafilimu anyamalale imiklomelo ethile namaphrimiyamu.
Ngo-2012, uKira Muratov wethule abalandeli 'ekubuyiseleni kwaphakade "kwaphakade", lapho u-Oleg Tabakov, u-Alde Demidov, uSergey Makovetsky, kanye neLitvinova, neLitvinova. Lo msebenzi uKira Georgievna ubeke indawo enamafutha emsebenzini womqondisi, esho ekunakekelweni kwabo bonke.
UKira Muratova wasebenza futhi njengomlingisi nezinye izinkomba. Owesifazane uvele endimeni yenguquko ekupekeni "kuvakashelwa ngengozi" yomqondisi uGeorge Jungwald-Hilkevich. Ngo-1986, wamenyelwa edrama "engadini yezifiso" Ali Khamraev, lapho uKira aphindiselwa khona kabusha emthambisweni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UKira Georgievna wayeshade kabili. Ngomphathi wokuqala, umqondisi kanye nomlobi wesikrini u-Alexander Muratov, wahlangana eminyakeni yabafundi, kodwa emshadweni wama-70s wahlukana. Lo mbhangqwana waphakamisa indodakazi kaMarianna, wafa kabuhlungu. Umbhalishi woMqondisi wahlukanisa ngemuva kwefilimu kaKira.
Indoda yesibili, uRuratov waphila nobani kwaze kwafika ezinsukwini zokugcina, futhi kusukela emculweni wokudala - umdwebi weSt. Petersburg kanye nombhali wesikrini u-Eugene Golubneko.
Ngaphandle kokungabekezeleleki futhi okungabekezeleleki kusethi, uKira Georgievna empilweni wayeyindoda ezolile nenokulinganisela, ekwazi ukuhlangana nanoma ngubani. Owesifazane wayethanda ukudla okumnandi, kepha ukudla kwakhetha okulula. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, uMuratov waqala ukubheka indlela yemifino, kodwa ayizange ithathe isinqumo sokujoyina amazinga ama-vegans.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uKira Georgievna waphila e-Odessa futhi wacishe wangena.
"Bengilokhu ngisekuningi lapho bengikhona, futhi manje angifuni ndawo. Angifuni ukundiza ngendiza, nesitimela futhi, "wavuma.Izintatheli ezavakashela lo mqondisi, zaphawula ukuthi ifulethi lakhe kuyamangaza - kukhumbuza imnyuziyamu lapho kwatholakala khona umhlangano womculi. UMuratova akakaze avunyeleleni ngengxoxo, izikhumbuzo zowesifazane zibhala futhi zenqatshiwe.
Ehlobo lika-2017, umhlaba wefilimu waphula izindaba zokuthi uKira Georgievna waba yilungu le-American Academy, uthole ilungelo lokukhetha ukuthi ngubani ofanele umklomelo ohlonishwayo "Oscar-2018".
NgoJuni 6, 2018 UKira Muratova akazange. Lokhu kubikwe ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi ngokhiqizi uYuri Mintovanov.
Izics
- Ngo-1967 - "Imihlangano Emifushane"
- 1971 - "Izintambo ezinde"
- 1979 - "Ukwazi Ukukhanya Okumhlophe"
- 1983 - "Phakathi kwamatshe ampunga"
- 1987 - "Ukushintshwa Kwekusasa"
- 1989 - "Asthenic Syndrome"
- 1992 - "Iphoyisa elibucayi"
- 1994 - "Ukuzilibazisa"
- 1997 - "Izindaba Ezintathu"
- Ngo-2001 - "Peoce Secondary"
- 2002 - "Izisusa ZaseChekhov"
- Ngo-2004 - "avume"
- 2007 - "Ababili Kokunye"
- Ngo-2009 - "Melody for Scarmer"
- 2012 - "ukubuya kwaphakade"