I-Biograge
Ukuvikelwa kwelungelo labantu, i-Consul, ilungu le-triumvirate, umngani kaKesari Omkhulu, incwadi egunyaziwe enethalente elithole inhliziyo ye-Cleopatra's Tsaritsa. Konke lokhu kumayelana nohlobo lwe-Antonia, isibalo sezepolitiki saseRoma yasendulo. Isilinganiso sobuntu bale ndoda bakwenza kube yiqhawe lezinganekwane ezindala nochungechunge lwanamuhla, into ebalulekile yezindawo ezibonakalayo ezinhle nemisebenzi yezemibhalo, isibalo sesibonakaliso sokushona kwelanga kwelanga.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ukwahlulela nge-pedigree, i-biography kaMark Anthony ayikwazanga ukusebenza ngenye indlela, njengasensimini yezepolitiki noma ezimpini. Umkhuzi wesikhathi esizayo, ngokolwazi olulodwa, wazalwa ngo-83 BC. Kumarekhodi ashiywe yiPlutarch, kukhonjiswa ukuthi kukhona amadokhumenti athile, ngakho-ke umholi wezempi washona eneminyaka engama-56, okungukuthi, ukuzalwa kwamaRoma abadumile kungenzeka kube ngu-86 kuye ku-8 kuye ku-N. Ns.
Lo mndeni wawungowoluhlobo lwe-aristocraly gerus, owayenegalelo elikhulu empilweni yezenhlalo yaseRoma. Ngokuya ngenganekwane, ingxenye yesibili yamagama amadodana avela kwa-Anthony, inzalo ye-herakla edumile. Umkhulu kagogo, wathola isidlaliso Somlomo ka-Eroquence, - Censor kanye ne-Consul, umlandeli oshisekayo wemibono yeSulla Reformer, eyakhokhela impilo. Amalungu e-Consurciality nawo ayeyizihlobo: Kubaba - uBaba Anthony Hybrid, uLucius Julius Caesar - eceleni kukamama kamama.
UMark Anthony's Babas Cretsky ungumholi wezempi, kepha wamukela isidlaliso sokungahloniphi izinhloso, kodwa ekuhlekeni kwe- "Izenzo" esikhundleni sombusi esiqhingini saseCrete: washiya inkumbulo embi ye-Hlembe. Unina kaYulia waba nesihlobo sikaJulia Caesar, esasingayithinte ngayo intuthuko yakhe yomsebenzi. Lo mndeni wakhula amanye amadodana amabili amancane - guy kanye nama-louchies. Ubaba ushone ngo-71 BC, eshiya umndeni unezikweletu ezinkulu.
Umama washada noPretoror Publishing Cornelia Lento Sula Sura. Kepha unkosikazi wommeleli weziphathimandla, uJulia wahlala isikhathi eside: ngo-63 BC ILentala yenziwa ngokubamba iqhaza ecebeni ngaphansi kobuholi bukaLucius Sergius Clealean. By the way, ekuvezeni uzungu, ifilosofi cicero yadlala indima ebonakalayo, ukubulawa kwayo kuthiwa yi-Anthony.
Ukwakheka kokuqala kungu-Anthony omncane ekhaya, njengoba kuthathwe emindenini enhle. Emisebenzini ye-Cicero, kwaphawulwa ukuthi le nsizwa ikwazile kwisayensi, yize yayiphila ngokusho kwe-aphorism evamile "yonke iminyaka ifana nezimpawu zayo." UMark Woung Mark wachitha ngokungazenzi nangokuzijabulisa, wandisa isikhundla sezezimali womndeni futhi ngokushesha waxoshwa endlini. AmaRoma aya eGreece ukuyofundela ifilosofi ne-rhetoric, kodwa ngokushesha lo msebenzi wawunesithukuthezi, futhi wajoyina abempofu be-Abela Gabinia, eSyria.
Inkambo
Ngokushesha u-Avl waphakamisa ukuthi u-Anthony wayibhekisa amahhashi ekhanda, umkhuleko osemncane wakhombisa amakhono angakhululeki, isibindi nesibindi ngokucindezelwa kokuhlubuka kweTsar Aristiobul eJudiya, kwathi kamuva kwasiza uPtolemewethu XII Adlet ebuyela esihlalweni sobukhosi saseGibhithe.
Ngenxa ye-ptolemy brand, wasusa phezu kwalokhu ohluliwe futhi wanikeza inkokhiso ku-archela yazo yobuholi - umkhuzi oshonile wangcwatshwa ngamahlaya. Ukuzwela kwabaseGibhithe kwakuseceleni komkhuzi wamaRoma, nokutholwa kwamabutho akhe eGibhithe akuzange kuhlangane. Inganekwane ithi uMarku aqale ahlangana nendodakazi kaPtolemy - i-Cleocater enhle kakhulu.
Ukubuyela eRoma, u-Anthony wasondelana noJulia Caesar waba umsizi wakhe osemqoka. Izikhathi eziningi ezimpini zika-Anthony zaphuma ezimweni ezinzima, zigqugquzela amabutho ngesibonelo sakhe. UKhesari akazange nje azwelane nenzalo yabasethembisi, wasitshela kakhulu isibindi kanye nesibindi sohlobo lomkhiqizo, ngesikhathi sokungabikho kwakhe kuthembela ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezingaphansi. Futhi ngemuva kokunqotshwa, uMarku uGaul ucebile ekugcineni.
Ekuqaleni komvikeli waKhe, uMark Anthony wabuye wathola indawo ye-qutyar - umphathi wezingqinamba zezomnotho zezezimali, bese kuba okuthunyelwe ngo-Agasti kanye neTribune yabantu. Phambi kwakhe kwakukhona umsebenzi wokungavumeli i-senate ukwenza izinqumo zephule amalungelo kaJulia.
Ngo-50 g. BC, ekugcineni kweThemu yokuhlala kukaKhesari njengokuthunyelwe kukaGaisar, wayefuna ukubuyela eRoma eyozama ukuthola isikhundla sedolobha elizayo. Kodwa-ke, umhlangano waba "bantu abahamba phambili", oholwa nguGneuke Pompei, waphikiswa wafuna amandla kuKesari.
Izenzo zika-Anthony ekuvikelweni kukaKhesari zalahlwa futhi izenzo zahlelwa ngaphandle kweSenate, nasedolobheni. Kuvinjelwe yiZenzo ezinjalo, uJulius wamemezela iSenethi ngaphandle komthetho. Esikhathini esizayo, ukushayisana sekukhule kwaba yimpi yombango yokugcina yeRiphabhulikhi yaseRoma Republic. Ngasikhathi sinye, umcimbi wenzeka, owaziwa emlandweni njengokushintshwa kwe-rubicon. Ngo-44, uMark Antonius waqokwa njenge-Consul, umfowabo umfowabo - uPretor, noLucius - i-Tribune yabantu.
Ngemuva kokubulawa kukaKhesari, u-Anthony waphuthuma wazama ukwenza isinyathelo kuqala, okwesikhashana wathatha isikhundla esivelele eRoma. Amandla okubonisa imicabango emihle afike ngokubuyiselwa ekulweni neziphathimandla ukuze zinamandla. Inkulumo yakhe evuthayo enezingubo ezinamagazi uJulia ezandleni zayo lapho ikhulelwa abantu ukuba balwe nabasekeli bakaKhesari ababulawa.
Ukuze agweme ukungqubuzana nezimbangi, u-Anthony wakha inyunyana yezepolitiki "e-Triumvirate yesibili" nabazukulu bakaKhesari Oktavian, kamuva owaba umbusi, uMark Emily Lipid, Master of. I-Union ibikhona iminyaka eyi-10. Ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwe-Octavian no-Anthony bathululelwa komunye umkhosi wamasosha, lapho ekugcineni okwenzeka khona kwahlaselwa khona.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umfazi wokuqala womkhuzi kwakunguFadia, indodakazi yenceku eyayisusiwe. AbakwaMesalians bachazwa ngokuziphatha okubikwayo kwe-anthony esencane, ngenxa yalokho ayengakwazi ukuthola umakoti obalulekile.
Umlingani wesibili we-triumvir - uFulvia, umfelokazi wesiphakamiso saseSicili, esidalula impi yasePeruzian ukuze asuse umyeni wakhe ngalembango. Emndenini, amadodana kaYul Anthony noMark Anthony Antille bayazalwa.
Ngemuva kokufa kowesifazane ngo-40 BC UMark washada no-Octavia, udadewethu wonke u-Octaviana Augustus. Emshadweni, kwazalwa amadodakazi amabili - u-Anithony omncane, umama wesikhathi esizayo wombusi kaClaudia, ugogo uCaligily, no-Anthony Senior, ugogo wesikhathi esizayo soMbusi uNero. Nokho, futhi ngothando lukayise kanye noCleopatra wabo oyenga wazaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu okuthi okungenani umuntu owaziyo ngomlando wasendulo waseRoma.
Umkhuzi wahlala edolobheni lase-Aleksandriya, kamuva wathi indlovukazi kaNila umkakhe, ngaphandle kwesibindi nge-Octavia. U-Egypt wabeletha umkhuzi wezingane waseRoma - amawele uCleopatru uSelena, u-Alexander Helios nendodana uPtolemy Philadelphu.
Ukushona
Ukuphatha ingxenye esempumalanga yombuso, i-triumvir yaphenduka isitsha, esichotshozwayo sendlovukazi nezingane zaseGibhithe. Manje ngisho nabathuthukisi abakhuthazeke ngokwezifiso babekholelwa ukuthi lona wesifazane ongenacala wawuwina umkhuzi futhi waphelelwa ngumqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMarku wafuna ukuthi oshade naye ashiye ikhaya lakhe eRoma. Wadonsa uwoyela emlilweni wentando yamaRoma inxusa lapho acele ukungcwaba e-Alexandria.Umgomo onjalo wabangela ukuthukuthela komphakathi wamaRoma, futhi u-Octavian ngekhono wayala ngokwekhono lesi simo. I-senate isuse uhlobo emandleni futhi yamemezela impi eGibhithe. Ngokusho kwabezikhathi zalo:
"Izakhamizi ezikanye ne-Anthony ne-Octavian zaphambukisa enhlekeleleni yempi yamandla, eyodwa - kusukela othandweni lowesifazane, enye - ngenxa yokuziqhenya okucasulayo."Ngo-31 BC Impi enqumayo yenzeka eduze kwengxenye yamasheya, lapho, naphezu kokuphakama kwezinombolo okuhlaba umxhwele, u-Anthony wanqotshwa ngokuphelele. Ngemuva konyaka, amabutho ase-Oktavian ajoyina iGibhithe. U-Anthony, ngaphandle kokumelana, wazibulala.
Ukukhumbula
- 42-42 AD. - Imininingwane yokukhululeka kwe-altare ngesithombe samalungu omndeni we-yuliyev-Claudiyev (agcinwe emnyuziyamu kazwelonke eRavenna)
- 69-96 AD - I-Roman Moder Portrait Bust (uMark Anthony). (Kugcinwe kumaMnyuziyamu Vatican eRoma)
- Ikhanda lethusi lisuka eKilicia. (Paris, Louvre)
- 1578 - URobert Garnier, Inhlekelele "Maka Anthony"
- 1594 - UWilliam Shakespeare, Piez "Anthony And Cleopatra"
- 1669 - UJan de Bray, "Usuku Anthony And Cleopatra"
- 1747-1750 - Giovanni Battista Tapolo, "Ukuhlangana Anthony And Cleopatra"
- Ngo-1900 - U-Arthur Starser, isithombe esibaziweyo "uMark Anthony enqoleni, ehlanganiswe ngamabhubesi."