I-Biograge
U-Igor Stravinsky ngumqambi omuhle wasekhaya, umenzi kanye nomqhubi, ummeleli okhanyayo wobuciko emculweni. Ngakwesokudla, kubhekwa njengomunye wabaholi ababaluleke kakhulu be-World Art yekhulu le-XX.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngo-1882, u-Igor Stravinsky wazalwa eduzane naseSt. Petersburg. Abazali bakhe babenobudlelwano obuqondile nomculo - Ubaba Fyodor wenza eMariinsky Theatre futhi wayengumculi ofanele woMbuso WaseRussia, uMama Anna - uPianist, wahamba nomlingani. U-Igor wakhulela phakathi kokugeleza okungapheli kwezivakashi, kubandakanya ababhali, abaculi, abaculi. Ubaba womfana wayenobungane ne-dostoevsky.
Ngokokuqala ngqa kwepiyano, ubuhlakani besikhathi esizayo bahlala eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala. Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu endaweni yokuzivocavoca, abazali bahlela u-Igor eNyuvesi yaseSt. Petersburg, lapho le nsizwa yafunda khona emgqeni. UChravinsky kuphela ofundzele umculo, wabe eseqala ukuthatha izifundo ngasese kwaRoma-Korsakov.
U-Igor uthandana nendodana yakhe uVladimir, owafunda nakwezomthetho. URoman-Korsakov wahlabeka umxhwele ngamathalenta eStravinsky, weluleka ukuthi angangeni eConservatory, njengoba ulwazi lwensizwa lwalwanele. Umeluleki uqeqeshe amakhono ama-Igor ama-orchestivarage, alungisa imisebenzi yakhe. Ngenxa yethonya lawo, wafuna ukwenza abafundi bakhe umculo.
Umculo
Ngo-1908, imisebenzi emibili yeStravinsky - "Favn neCillle" kanye ne- "Symphony Mi-Barol Major" - babulawa yi-Orchestra yasenkantolo. Ngonyaka olandelayo, uSergey Dyagilev weza ekwenzeni i-orchestral Scherzo yakhe: Wayeshaywe kangangokuba ithalente lomqambi omncane, owahlangana naye ngokushesha wayala amalungiselelo ambalwa e-Russian ballet eParis. Ngemuva konyaka, uDyagilev uphinde udlulisele iStravinsky, uku-oda ukuhambisana komculo kwe-ballet entsha "
I-Premiere yenzeka ehlobo lika-1910: Impumelelo emangalisayo yaphenduka ngokushesha i-stravinsky ku-omelele kakhulu ngesizukulwane esisha sababhali bomculo. I- "Firebird" yaqala ukuqala komsebenzi ohlanganyelwe onezithelo wamaqembu ama-Igor nama-dyagilev. Kakade isizini elandelayo iqala nge-ballet "parsley", ngesilinganiso se-stravinsky kanye ne-vallav nijinsky enhle kakhulu endimeni eholayo.
Kudwetshwe ngempumelelo, umqambi wakhulelwa ukubhala uhlobo lomkhuba weSymphony, okwathi ngo-1913 eParis Theatre wawenza umsindo omningi. Lo msebenzi waba "intwasahlobo". Izibukeli ngesikhathi se-Premieree zahlukaniswa ngamakamu amabili: ezinye zathukuthela kuphasiwe ngumdanso odidayo no-bold - umculo onesibindi, owesibili wabingelela umkhiqizo wokuqala. OFakazi bathi abadansi bebengezwa i-orchestra - i-hum enamandla kangaka ayesehholo.
Kusukela kulolu suku lweStravinsky lwabizwa ngokuthi umqambi 'wentwasahlobo engcwele' kanye nokonakalisayo kwesimanje. U-Igor ushiya idolobha lakhe lendabuko, kanye nomkakhe nezingane ngo-1910, bathethelela eFrance.
Kodwa-ke, impi yezwe yokuqala ayilethi "izinkathi zaseRussia" eParis, nezimali eziphanayo zaphela. Ngo-1914, chet stravinsky uphendukela ukuba abe eSwitzerland cishe ngokungayiphili. Ngalezo zinsuku, uvame ukubhekisela kuma-motifs wesikhulu saseRussia, izinganekwane.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umculo awubhale uStravinsky waba khona kakhulu, wavinjwa, kodwa isigqi esikhulu kakhulu. Ngo-1914, waqala ukusebenza ku-ballet "emshadweni", owaphothulwa ngo-1923 kuphela. Yasungulwa ezingomeni zasemakhaya zaseRussia, ezenziwa emishadweni nasemishadweni. Ngo-1920 ngesitayela saseRussia, umsebenzi wobuciko bokugcina womsebenzi wabhalwa - "Symphony for umoya."
Ngemuva komsebenzi wakhe, ukunambitheka kukazwelonke kwanyamalala, futhi waqala ukusebenza ngesitayela se-neoclassistism. Okulandelayo, umqambi uhumusha umculo wakudala waseYurophu nezinye izitayela zomlando ezithakazelisayo. Kusukela ngo-1924, u-Igor Stravinsky uyeka ukubhala nokusebenza njengomshayeli wepiyano nomqhubi. Ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili, amakhonsathi akhe aqala ukujabulela ukuthandwa okuthe xaxa.
Ngemuva kwalokho "izinkathi zaseRussia" zivuselelwa, kepha zisezingeni eliphansi. I-ballet yokugcina, eyadalwa i-Dyagilev ne-stravinsky, yaba "apollo musuagyt", ngaphambili kwayo okwabanjwa ngo-1928.
Ngo-1926 - Ithuba lokuguqula isiphetho seStravinsky, wathola ukuguqulwa ngokomoya, okuwukuthi, empeleni, owayenethonya ngobuhlakani. Ama-Motifs Ezenkolo avela "ku-Tsar Edie" yakhe, "Symphony of IHubo". I-Libretto kule misebenzi yadalwa ngesiLatini. Ngo-1939, wamenyelwa eHarvard University eMelika, lapho afunda khona umjikelezo wezinkulumo "zezinkondlo zomculo".
Kumashumi amahlanu, kuvela i-avant-garde eYurophu, eyayilahla i-neoclassicicicic ethandekayo yeStravian, futhi iStravinsky ibhekene nenkinga yomculo. Ukudangala okukhulu, lapho u-Igor atholakala khona, waphela ngomsebenzi oningana wokuhlola: "Cantata", "inkumbulo kaToomas".
Waqhubeka nokusebenza, naphezu kwesifo sohlangothi, kuze kube ngu-1966, umsebenzi wokugcina waba "yinzuzo". Lona ngumkhiqizo ocashile kakhulu obhalwe ngumqambi ngo-84, waba ubufakazi bethalente elikhulu namandla okungapheli kweStavinsky.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Igor Stravinsky ngo-1906 wazixhumanisa nezibopho zomshado noKuzina Ekaterina Nosenko. Uthando olukhulu lwasencane aluzange luyeke ukuba khona kwegazi lomdabu, izingane ezi-4 zazalwa emshadweni: Abafana Svyatoslav noFyodor namantombazane uLyudmila noMilena. Amadodana kwakukhona amasiko amasiko avelele: I-Svyatoslav - umqambi we-grewuoso nopiyano, iFyodor, umculi. I-biography kaLyudmila Stravinskaya iyathakazelisa ngoba usengumlingani wenkondlo uYuri Mandelstam.
UCatherine wahlaselwa ngenxa yedliwe, ngakho-ke umndeni waya eSwitzerland - umoya ongahluziwe waseSt. Petersburg akazange anikeze umfazi ukuba aphefumule. Ngo-1914, i-stravinsky emine ayikwazanga ukubuyela entwasahlobo yaseSwitzerland eya eRussia ngenxa yezwe lokuqala, bese kubangelwa yinguquko. Impahla nemali eyayihlala ezweni lakubo, umndeni ukhethe.
U-Igor uthathe le nhlekelele eduze kwenhlekelele: Ngaphandle kuka-Catherine nezingane, wagcina umama wakhe, udadewabo kanye nomshana wakhe. ERussia, ukungabi namthetho sidalwe ezinyangeni inguquko kuzo zonke izindawo, futhi umqambi saphela ukukhokha copyright kubulawa imisebenzi ngenxa ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe layo. Okungenani ngandlela thile ugcine umndeni, iStravinsky kwadingeka ikhiqize izinhlelo ezintsha zemisebenzi yakhe.
Izinganekwane namahemuhemu azange adlule impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Igor: Ubizwa ngobuhlobo bothando noCoco Chanel. Uveze esandleni sosizo lweStravian wosizo okwamanje lapho eshiywe ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemali. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili u-Igor wayehlala eVilla eMademoiselle, waxhasa izinkulumo zakhe, wadla futhi wagqoka umndeni wakhe.
Lapho isimo sezinto ezibonakalayo seStavinsky satholakala, futhi wasuka endlini kaChanel, wathumela imali enye iminyaka engu-13 njalo ngenyanga - leli iqiniso elingajwayelekile laliyisisekelo senganekwane ephathelene nomklami waseFrance kanye nomqambi waseFrance. Ngo-2009, ifilimu lesici "Coco Chanel no-Igor Stravinsky" badedelwe kulobu budlelwano.
Ngo-1939, i-Ekaterina Stravinskaya ayizange ibe, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo, yathuthela eMelika, umculi ushada ngokwesibili okholweni lukanompempe, umlingisi we-movie ethule. Ngokubambisana, uVera no-Igor bahlala iminyaka engama-50, bezama ukungahlukaniswa umzuzu. Ngo-1962, umbhangqwana oshadile uvakashele izwe lakubo - eMoscow naseLeningrad, umhlangano waboniswa kuthelevishini.
Ukushona
Umqambi akazange asebenze ngo-Ephreli 6, 1971, imbangela yokufa iyahluleka kwenhliziyo. Unkosikazi kaVera Arterovna wamngcwaba eVenice, engxenyeni yaseRussia yeSan Michele Cemetery, hhayi kude ethuneni likaDyagilev. Ngemuva kweminyaka eli-11, lowo oshade naye azongcwatshwa eceleni komyeni wakhe.
Igama leStravinsky lalivikeke kaningi: Wayegqoke isikole somculo e-Oranienbaum, umkhumbi wezivakashi nezindiza zezindiza "Aeroflot". Ukuhlonipha iStravinsky e-Ukraine, umkhosi womculo wamazwe omhlaba ubanjwa minyaka yonke.
Ukwakhelekile
- 1906 - "Favn neCowgirl"
- 1908 - "I-Montal Scherzo"
- 1910 - I-Ballet "Firebird"
- 1911 - I-Ballet "Parsley"
- Ngo-1913 - "Intwasahlobo engcwele, imidwebo yeRussia yamaqaba eRussia ezingxenyeni ezi-2"
- Ngo-1914 - Fairy Tale "Solovy"
- Ngo-1918 - Inganekwane "Umlando Wesosha"
- Ngo-1920 - I-Ballet "Pulcinell"
- 1922 - Opera Mavra
- 1923 - Izigcawu zeChoreographic "Umshado"
- 1927 - Opera "King Edip"
- Ngo-1928 - I-Ballet "Apollo Musaget"
- 1930 - "Symphony of AmaHubo"
- Ngo-1931 - "Ikhonsathi ye-violin d-DUT"
- 1942 - "Imidanso yekhonsathi"
- 1954 - "Izingoma Ezi-4"
- Ngo-1963 - "U-Abrahama no-Isaka"
- Ngo-1966 - "Izicunuzo zeSunny"