I-Biograge
UMfowethfwini lwe-Grimm - izinganekwane zaseJalimane, izilimi, abasungulayo bobaba bePhilology yaseJalimane. Mhlawumbe kuzoba nzima ukuthola umuntu ongakaze ezwe izinganekwane zalaba babhali abakhulu. Kepha uma ngingezwanga, ngibona impela. Ngokwezigcawu zemisebenzi yabafowethu Grimm, kwasuswa inqwaba yefilimu namakhathuni, kwalethwa eminye imisebenzi. Futhi abanye abalingiswa bezindaba zabo izinganekwane baphenduke futhi kuwo wonke amagama aqokiwe - cinderella, rapunzel, ubuhle bokulala.Ubuntwana nentsha
UJacob Grimm wazalwa ngoJanuwari 4, 1785, kwathi unyaka - 24 Febhruwari 1786 - UWilhelm Grimm wavela emhlabeni. Uyise wabo uFilip Wilhelm Grimm wasebenza njengommeli enkantolo ende emzini yaseKhanau. Ngo-1791, waqokwa esikhundleni senduna yeCounty ShtyINAU, lapho futhi kwadingeka khona wonke umndeni wakhe. Indoda yasebenza izinsuku nobusuku, ngenxa yokukhathala nokusebenza ngokweqile, ukubanda okujwayelekile kukhulunywa ngenyumoniya. Ngo-1796, washona, wayeneminyaka engama-44.
Kuyiqiniso, ngomndeni odabukisayo kwaba yinhlekelele. UDorothea Grimm - umama wabafowethu - washiya yedwa nezingane eziyisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, udadewabo kababa - uCharlotte Schemememer wathuthela kubo, nguyena owanikela ngosizo lwezezimali emndenini futhi wasindiswa ekuxoshweni endlini.
Kepha inkathazo yeza ku-grimm futhi - u-chammemer ka-anti kafuba ngokungazelelwe washona ngokuzumayo. UJacob noWilhelm babeyizingane ezindala, futhi kwadingeka babambe iqhaza emisebenzini yabo. Kepha uDorotheya wakuqonda ukuthi abafana bahlakaniphile futhi banethalente, futhi okuwukuphela kwento ayinikeza yona yimfundo.
EKassel, udadewabo waphila - uHenrietta Zimmer, owesifazane wavuma ukwamukela umshana wakhe owathandayo, ukuze baqhubeke nezifundo zabo eLyceum yesigaba esiphakeme kakhulu. E-Gymnasium, abafundi bafunda iminyaka engu-7-8. Kepha abafowethu babesebenza kanzima futhi kwalasha bakwazile ukukwazi izinto ngesinye isikhathi ngokushesha kunalokho okusele. Ngakho-ke, baqeda uLyceum ngemuva kweminyaka emine.
Esikoleni, abafana bafunda isayensi yemvelo, i-geography, izimiso zokuziphatha, i-physics kanye nefilosofi, kepha isisekelo sokufundisa sasiyiziqondiso zezokolongo kanye nomlando. UJakobe noma kunjalo, wafunda kwaba lula ukwedlula umfowabo. Kungenzeka ukuthi impilo yakhe enhle yayinjalo. UWilhelm watholakala ene-asthma.
Ngo-1802, uJacob wangena e-University of Marburg emgqeni, kepha uWilhelm kwadingeka ukuthi ahlale ekwelashweni. Ngonyaka olandelayo, uJakobe wathutha uMfoweth 'eMarburg, futhi wangena eyunivesithi. Kuliqiniso, wayedinga ukubonwa kwezokwelapha okujwayelekile.
Esikhathini sakhe samahhala, abafowethu babethanda ukudweba, uma nje isithombe sibona umfowethu omncane uLudwig Emil, owayephefumulelwe kangangokuba ikusasa lakhe lahlotshaniswa nobuciko bezobuciko, abaculi.
Into yokufunda
UMfowethfwini lwe-Grimm ubelokhu enesifiso sezincwadi. Ngako konke, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi baphothula i-Faculty of Law, izinkondlo zaseJalimane zakhula, okuvulwa nguprofesa. UJacob noWilhelm bahlalwa ngokutadisha kwabadala emtapweni wezincwadi zakhe.
Yonke eminye imisebenzi yabafowethu bakwaGrimm yayihlotshaniswa ngqo nezincwadi zaseJalimane, izinkinga zezokolongo, zenza ucwaningo. Izinganekwane - kuphela ingxenye yomsebenzi omangalisayo, owenziwa abazalwane emkhakheni wezincwadi nezilimi.
Ngo-1808, uJakobe waya eParis eyosiza uSolwazi Savili ukuqoqa izinto zokwakha umsebenzi wesayensi. UWilhelm wahlala eyunivesithi. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, babesondelene kakhulu kangangokuba ngisho nangalolo nyaka babehlolwa ukulangazelela okungakaze kubonwe ngokwahlukana, njengoba kufakazelwa ngokuxhumana kwabo.
Ngo-1808 kushona wazala, futhi konke ukukhathazeka ngomndeni kaGrimm wawela emahlombe kaJakobe. Ukubuya eFrance, wabheka isikhathi eside ngomsebenzi omuhle futhi ekugcineni wahlala eKassel Castle, ophethe umtapo wezincwadi wobukhosi. UWilhelm ukhule isimo sempilo, futhi umzalwane wamthumela e-resort. Wayengenawo umsebenzi ohlala njalo ngaleso sikhathi.
Lapho ebuya uWilhelm ekwakheni, abafowethu baqala ukusebenza - izincwadi zasendulo zaseJalimane zaqala ukubheka. Bakwazile ukuqoqa, bavuselele futhi babhale phansi inqwaba yezinganekwane zabantu, ezadlula emlonyeni wamakhulu eminyaka.
Abesifazane abaningi baseKassel babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwevolumu yokuqala yezinganekwane. Ukwenza isibonelo, endaweni ngeGrimm, usokhemisi ocebile waphila - Mnu. Wilde nomkakhe nezingane. UFrau Wild wayazi inani lezindaba ezingenakubalwa ezazitshela uWilhelm ngenhliziyo yonke. Kwesinye isikhathi indodakazi yakhe yajoyina - uGretchen noDortkhen. Kuzodlula iminyaka eminingi, noDortkhan, ozoba ngumkaWilhelm.
Umnotho wahlala endlini yabo - uMaria Muller. Owesifazane osekhulile wayenenkumbulo emangalisayo, futhi wayazi izinkulungwane zezinganekwane. UMaria watshela izindaba zabafowethu ngobuhle obumangalisayo bokulala nesigqoko esibomvu esinesibindi. Kepha, ukukhumbula lezi zinganekwane lezi zinganekwane, uCharles Perra ufika engqondweni. Njengoba kwenzeka, umbhali weqiniso kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izinganekwane. Empeleni, lezi yizinganekwane zaseYurophu zaseYurophu.
Umhlanganisi ngamunye, okubandakanya ama-grimm, ahumushe lezi zindaba ngendlela yakhe. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, inganekwane kaCinderella. Enguqulweni ye-Perra Miracles yentombazane yenza ukuwela kwakhe. Futhi abafowethu bakwaGrimm bayisihlahla sikaHazeli ethuneni likanina. Kamuva, i-cinema "amantongomane amathathu eCinderella" azohlungwa.
Ngo-1812, empilweni kaJacob noWilhelm Grimm, kwenzeke impumelelo yokuqala - bashicilela iqoqo lezinganekwane "zezingane nezinganekwane zomndeni", lapho kufakwa khona imisebenzi eyi-100. Ababhali baqala ngokushesha ukulungiselela ukwaziswa incwadi yesibili. Kwakuhlanganisa izindaba eziningi ezinganekwane, kuzwakala hhayi abafowethu uqobo, nabangane bazo. Njengabokuqala, ababhali bashiya ilungelo lokunikeza izinganekwane ezabo uhlelo lwezilimi. Incwadi yabo yesibili yabona ukukhanya ngo-1815. Kuliqiniso, lezo zincwadi zaphindwaphindwa.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ezinye zezinganekwane zabhekwa njengezingalungile ezinganeni. Isibonelo, kwasuswa isiqephu, lapho i-rapunzel inentshisekelo khona ngonkulunkulu, kungani ingubo yambozwa ngesisu sayo esiyindilinga. Kwakumayelana nokukhulelwa kwakhe, kuza emva kweminyaka eyimfihlo nenkosana.
UVasily Andreevich Zhukovsky waba ngumhumushi wokuqala wezinganekwane zabafowethu be-grimm for the Russian Reader.
Ngo-1819, abafowethu bakhipha "uhlelo lolimi lwesiJalimane". Lo msebenzi usuphenduke umuzwa emphakathini wezesayensi, wabhala cishe iminyaka engama-20 - kwakuyisisekelo sazo zonke izifundo ezilandelayo zezilimi zaseJalimane.
Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukusebenza okuyinhloko kwabafowethu kwakuyisichazamazwi sesiJalimane ". Baqale basebenza kukho ngo-1838. Kwakuwumsebenzi onzima futhi omude. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu, uThomas Mann wabiza i- "Dictionary" "ibhizinisi lobuqhawe", "Isikhumbuzo sezepolilo solongo." Ngokuphikisana negama, empeleni kwakuyisichazamazwi somlando esingokomlando sezilimi zaseJalimane. Njengoba ababhali bebengenaso isikhathi sokuqedela umsebenzi kwisichazamazwi, ibhizinisi labo laqhutshelwa yizizukulwane ezilandelayo zezazi zefiselologikazi. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuqeda umsebenzi ngo-1960 - iminyaka engu-120 ngemuva kokuqala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Izindlu ze-Wilde Vilda ze-Wildee Vildwa Vilda Vildi ezindlini zosokhemisi uVilde zajwayelana nendodakazi yakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesethukile ngokuphelele. Umehluko phakathi kwabo uneminyaka eyi-10. Kepha, abavuthiwe, abantu abasha bathola ulimi olujwayelekile. Wamsekela kuyo yonke imizamo, waba ngokuyinhloko naye nomngane. Ngo-1825, lo mbhangqwana washada.
Ngokushesha le ntombazane yakhulelwa. Ngo-1826, uDortkhen wabeletha umfana, ogama lakhe linguJacob noJacob SR. baba ngumuntu wakhe. Kepha emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ingane yashona ivela eJaudice. NgoJanuwari 1828, abashadikazi bazalelwa indodana yesibili - uHerman. Kamuva wakhetha umsebenzi wesazi-mlando sobuciko.
Kepha uJacob Grimm wahlala ebehelor, indoda ethile yanikezela impilo yakhe yokusebenza nomndeni womfowabo.
Ukushona
NgoDisemba 16, 1859, wafa uWilhelm Grimm. Isifo esibulalayo sabangelwa yi-furuncle emhlane wakhe. Wayengenalo impilo eqinile kungekudala, kodwa akekho owake wabalindele umphumela omubi ngalesi sikhathi. Nsuku zonke, uWilhelm wayemubi kakhulu. Ukuhlinzwa akusizanga. Indoda yavuka amazinga okushisa. Ukuhlupheka kwakhe kwamiswa ukukhubazeka kwamaphaphu emavikini amabili. UJakobe waqhubeka nokuphila noWilhelm nasemncane.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, umbhali wasebenza kwisichazamazwi. Igama lokugcina alibhala laliyigama elithi "Frucht" (izithelo). Indoda yaba mubi edeskini. UJakobe wabulawa yisifo sohlangothi ngoSepthemba 20, 1863.
Izinganekwane ezidumile emhlabeni wonke zingcwatshwe emathuneni aseSt. UMathewu eBerlin.
I-Bibliography
- "Impisi kanye Nezimbuzi Ezintsha Eziyisikhombisa"
- "UHansel noGretel"
- "Itende lokugibela elincane elibomvu"
- "Cinderella"
- "I-Snow White kanye nama-Dwarfs ayisikhombisa"
- "Mnu. Meltelitsa"
- "Smart Elsa"
- "Rapunzel"
- "King Drozdobododod"
- "Iphakethe elimnandi"
- "Abaculi Bedolobha LaseBremen"
- "Umsila onesibindi"
- "Hare kanye nethanga"
- "Golden Good"
- "U-sleeping Beauty"