I-Biograge
U-Alexander Fadeev ungumlobi onekhono, owanikeza izincwadi ezikhuluma isiRussia "ozinogada". Le noveli mayelana ne-feat of amaKhomanisi amancane kwaba umsebenzi odumile kakhulu womlobi, nokho, uFadeev unemisebenzi embalwa efanelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uFadeev ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe waziwa njengenhloko yababhali be-USSR kanye nesihleli esikhulu sephephandaba lezincwadi. Ngeshwa, e-biography yomlobi, naphezu kothando nenhlonipho yabafundi, hhayi konke okwenzeka kahle.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa ngoDisemba 24, 1901 edolobheni elibizwa ngeKimra (esifundeni saseTver). Ubaba kaFadeiela - U-Alexander Ivanovich - ebusheni bakhe wathwala imibono yokuguqula, ngenxa yalokho okwakungena ngokushesha emkhakheni wokubuka kweziphathimandla futhi waphoqeleka ukuba acashe njalo futhi aguqule indawo yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, lapho nje esezitholile eSt. Petersburg, lapho ngemuva kochungechunge lwamamandla nokuboshwa esihlokweni sezepolitiki kuhlangane no-Antonina Kunz, kamuva owashada.
U-Alexander Fadeev wayengumntwana owayelindelwe isikhathi eside futhi owayefisa. Ababelethi bazibandakanye neDiploma nendodana, nendodakazi enda kunazo zonke uTatiana. Futhi, fadeeyev kwakungu-Vladimir's omncane. U-Little Sasha ufunde kusenesikhathi ukufundwa futhi ngokushesha wachitha sonke isikhathi sakhe samahhala namatsheni uJack London, iPhoenimor Cooper, Jules Verne. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana, umfana usevele washaya abazali ngezinganekwane zokuqala nezindaba ezibhalwe ngokuzimela.
Futhi, abazali bazamile ukugxilisa izingane ukuba zihloniphe izisebenzi. Izingane zisize omama emnothweni, baguqe ukuthi bathunga kanjani izinkinobho futhi banakekele ingadi. Kamuva, umlobi enofudumele uzokhumbula lesi sikhathi.
Ngo-1910, abazali bathumela u-Alexander waya eVladivostok, ku-anti. Lapho, le nsizwa yangena esikoleni sokuhweba futhi ngokushesha yaba ngumfundi omuhle kakhulu esifundweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, uFadeev wanyathelisa kuqala amasampula akhe epeni ephephandabeni labafundi futhi waze wathola imiklomelo ngezindaba nezinkondlo. Futhi ukuze uthole imali ekudleni nasekusizeni umalume, u-Alexander Fadeev wasebenza njengomfundisi, esiza abafundi abasezingeni eliphezulu ekufundeni idiploma.
Naphezu kwempumelelo ezifundweni, iDiploma Fadeev ayitholanga: Ngo-1918, le nsizwa yajoyina iqembu leqembu futhi yaba yilungu leqembu elingaphansi komhlaba Bolshevik. U-Alexander Fadeev waze wahlanganyela ezikhelini ezinonogada abamhlophe futhi walimala ngesikhathi kuvuselwa eKronstadt. Sifundisa inguquko iye eMoscow, lapho ihlala khona ukuthi iphile.
Into yokufunda
Indaba yokuqala engathi sína ka-Alexander Fadeeva yathola igama elithi "Spill". Umsebenzi yize kwaphrintiwe, kepha akuzange kubangele ukuba nentshisekelo yabafundi. Kepha ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kwe-feather fadeeyev kuyindaba "ukunqotshwa" - kwaba isibonakaliso sika-Alexander Alexandrovich.
Isakhiwo salo msebenzi sakhiwe, kunjalo, ezungeze izehlakalo zempi yombango kanye nokubhekana 'kobomvu' no "mhlophe". Indaba yanyatheliswa ngo-1923 futhi ngokushesha yaletha ngokushesha umlobi we-novice umlobi. Ngasikhathi sinye u-Alexander Fadeev, opendwe yinkazimulo yokuqala, wanquma ukunikela izimpilo zobuqambi futhi waba ngumlobi ochwepheshe.
Umsebenzi olandelayo wezincwadi omkhulu ka-Alexander Fadeeyev uzoba umsebenzi oyinhloko empilweni yombhali. Sikhuluma ngenoveli elithi "abalugayo", ukuthi basebenze lapho u-Alexander Alexandrovich aqala khona ngemuva kokuphela kwempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ugqozi luka-Alexander Alexandrovich lwalungumsebenzi wezintatheli zikaVladimir Lyascovsky noMikhail Kotov obizwa ngokuthi "inhliziyo enesibindi". Le ncwadi, njenge-novel eyalandela ethi "Abancane Abancane," isho ngentsha yentsha yaseSoviet ebingesabi ukudala inhlangano engaphansi kwengxenye yengxenye futhi imelane nabahlali bebutho laseJalimane.
Ngo-1946, kwanyatheliswa "unogada osemusha. Abafundi bahlangane nenoveli ethokozisayo, kepha ubuholi beqembu buhlala bungathandeki ngencwadi. Iqiniso ngukuthi, ngokomandla, u-Alexander Fadeev emaphepheni "wonogada osemusha" akazange agcizelele ngokubaluleka kweqembu lamaKhomanisi empilweni yamaqhawe encwadi futhi ekwindla labo. Umlobi wacasulwa yizinkulumo ezinjalo, uFadeev wagcizelela ukuthi akazange abhale ungeyena umsebenzi wemibhalo, kodwa ezothando kwezobuciko lapho inganekwane ibamba khona.
Noma kunjalo, inoveli kwakufanele iphinde yaphinde yabuyise. Ngo-1951, inguqulo yesibili ye- "Guard Young" yashicilelwa, yahlelwa ngokucophelela futhi yagcwala iziqubulo zamaKhomanisi kanye nenkulumo-ze engekho emthethweni yombuso. Uhlobo lwesibili lwencwadi lwaluthembekile ngokomqondo, futhi "onogada" baye bafakwa ngisho nasekharikhulamu yesikole.
Ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi wokudala, u-Alexander Fadeev wasebenza ebunyeni bombhali, futhi kusukela ngo-1946 wamqonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni ehlukile, umlobi wayeyilungu leKomidi Elikhulu le-CPSU kanye nePhini leSunga lase-USSR.
Ngo-1946, u-Alexander Fadeev wasekela ukulungiswa kokungavikelekile kuka-Andreri Zhdanov, eqinisweni lokuthi umsebenzi ka-Anna Akhmatova, no-Andrei Platonov, uMikhail Zoshchenko, empeleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuba nguSihlalo we-Writers 'Union, uFadeev kufanele alandele ukuthi imibhalo yalaba babhali ngeke ishicilelwe.
Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, u-Alexander Fadeev waqoqwa ukuze asiza uMikhail Zoshchenko, owashiywa ngaphandle kwepeni, no-Andrei Platonov, obekudingeka aphathe. Izivumelwano ezinjalo zinembeza azizange ziphumule umphefumulo womlobi: UFadeev waqala ukuphuza kanzima, wahlupheka ngenxa yokudangala nangokuqwasha futhi waphathwa ngisho nangezifo ezinovalo. Ngeshwa, umlutha omubi womlobi ekugcineni wamholela ekufeni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Alexander Fadeev washada kabili. UValery Gerasimova waba yinhloko yokuqala yombhali, umlobi naye. Impilo yomuntu siqu kaFadeev futhi uGerasimova akazange aphumelele, futhi lo mshado washeshe wawa.
Ngo-1936, uFadeev washa nokwesibili. Umlingani wesibili womlobi, umdwebi ka-Angelina Stanova, wanika amadodana ka-Alexandel noMikhail.
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi umbhali wazalelwa indodakazi yakhe uMaria, umama wayo owayeyintatheli kanye nezinkondlo Margarita Aliger.
Ukushona
Impilo yomlobi yaphela ngokudabukisayo. NgoMeyi 13, 1956, u-Alexander Alexandrovich uzidubule. UFadeeva utholakala ekhishini lakhe ehlobo ePeredelkino. Isizathu sokuthi ukucindezela umbhali esiteji esibi ngeke sibize umlutha wotshwala. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi u-Alexander Fadeev waqala ukulungiselela ukufa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa: wahola i-oda lephepha, wabhala izinhlamvu zokugcina.
Enye yazo - incwadi eya eKomitini Ephakathi ye-CPSU - yenziwa obala kuphela ngeminyaka yama-1990s. Kuyo, umlobi osola abaholi beqembu ukuthi kungobuciko, ezincwadini ezithile, ukonakala ngokucwaninga, aqambe amanga futhi abonise. Futhi lokhu, ngokusho kukaFadeev, kumphule ngenjongo yokuphila nokuzihlonipha njengenhloko yeNyunyana yababhali.
Encwadini efanayo, u-Alexander Alexandrovich wambuza ukuthi amngqe eceleni komakhelwane kamama. Lesi sicelo senziwa: ithuna lomlobi litholakala emathuneni aseMoscow Novodevichy.
Kamuva, ukweqiwa okuhambisana nokufa kuka-Alexander Fadeeva kubonakale kaninginingi kwabezindaba. Abantu batholakala, beqiniseka ukuthi umbhali wabulawa. Kodwa-ke, ayikho inguqulo engatholanga isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni.
Inoveli elithi "Gunene Elincane" lalisuswa ngemuva kohlelo lwesikole, kodwa le ncwadi isaqhubeka nendawo ehlonishwayo emashalofini okufunda abathandi eduze kwendawo yabanye ababhali abachaza amaqiniso ngaleso sikhathi: I-Anatoly Rybakova, iMikhail Zoshchenko, konstantin Simonova, konstantin Simonova .
I-Bibliography
- 1923 - "Spill"
- 1926 - "Roll"
- Ngo-1929 - "Ipawulo puzlingi Road yezincwadi zasendulo"
- 1929-1941 - "Okokugcina kwe-Udege"
- Ngo-1945 - "Gunyaza"
- "I-Merlul Metallurgy" (Inoveli ayikapheli)