I-Biograge
I-biography yeNdlovukazi yaseScotland yekhulu leshumi nesithupha, uMariya Stewart, ugcwale ngezehlakalo ezibuhlungu azikhonze njengesizathu sokuphefumlelwa kwababhali nezimbongi zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, abantu, kude nokutadisha umlando wezwe, okungenani bezwe ngokuqinile ngokuphila kanye nedrama yendlovukazi.
Isiphetho sikaMariya omncane sabayala ukuthi cishe kusukela ekuzalweni kwawo, wayemiselwe ukuba abe yiNdlovukazi yaseScotland. Ubaba, ophuthumisa izwe ngesikhathi kuvela uhulumeni wesikhathi esizayo, washona ngokuzumayo lapho ingane ingagcwaliswanga nesonto. UMonarch akazange asinde ekuhluphweni kwebutho lapho ebhekene neNgilandi nokufa kwawo womabili amadodana ahlala endlalifa lokugcina emgqeni wesilisa.
Ngemuva kokushona kwenkosi esebenzayo, umzabalazo wendlela yokuthola ingane yembula. Lo mzabalazo wabonisa isimo sezepolitiki ezweni, salabo ababethulule saba ngokuzithandela ngempilo yendlovukazi encane. I-Regent kwakunguJames Hamilton - isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu seStuarts, esekela ithonya laseNgilandi, naphezu kwempi yezifundazwe ezimbili. Umama wentombazane uMaria de Giz, kunalokho, wasekela i-Commonwealth of Scotland neFrance.
Ukholo lwasekusasa lukaMaria Stewart nePolitha Yomunye wabantu abaphikisayo kwakuwumsebenzi onamasu wensimu yezinhlangothi. Lapho eneminyaka emihlanu, indlovukazi esencane yathunyelwa eFrance, eNkantolo yaseHeinrich II, inkosi kanye nentombazane eyazala yesikhathi esizayo.
EFrance, uMaria wachitha iminyaka emihle, esethole imfundo egqamile, ukudlulisa amacala nodumo lwasebukhosini. Eminyakeni eyishumi nesithupha, uMaria waziswa ngomyeni wakhe wokuqala, indlalifa yaseFrance - uFrancis.
Lwela Isihlalo Sobukhosi
UFrancis walimaza kakhulu futhi wayenempilo ebuthakathaka. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili emshadweni, impilo yensizwa yanqunywa. UMaria Medici weza emandleni eFrance, futhi iNdlovukazi yaseScotland yabuya yaya eMbhonini, lapho kwakuvuswa khona umama kamama kaMariya, futhi kwavuswa inguquko yamaProthestani.
Igceke, lihlukaniswe, njengeScotland, amakamu amabili - amaProthestani kanye namaKatolika, azama ukuncika eNdlovukazi kwelinye lamaqembu. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwesipiliyoni, uMaria Stewart okhethwe inqubomgomo enekhono futhi eqaphile inqubomgomo. Akaqedanga ubuSunamba ubuseProthestani, evunyelwe ngesikhathi inkolo esemthethweni, kepha akazange ayeke ukuxhumana neRoma yamaKatolika. Izinsizakalo zamaKatolika zaqhubeka zibanjwa egcekeni.
Lapho esethole amandla futhi waqiniswa esihlalweni sobukhosi saseScotland, iNdlovukazi yathola ukuthula nokuqina okuhlobene nasezweni, yize ubutha obuhlangene yize bunobutha obuhlangene nami, umnikazi wesihlalo sobukhosi saseNgilamu, wagcinwa. U-Elizabeth wayethathwa njengelitho ifa lokuzalwa ngokungemthetho, futhi uMaria Stewart, ngokusho kwabasekeli, wayenamalungelo amaningi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kuphela ekuxabaneni okuvulekile kweScotland engazange kuxazululwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
INdlovukazi enhle, enhle, efundile futhi efundile ngokuphelele uMaria ethandwa ngabantu. Owesifazane wahlaba umxhwele futhi wazungeza ikhanda ezindlalifa kanye namakhosi. Kepha impilo yenkosi ibukelwe izintshisekelo zombuso futhi ixhumeke ngokungalingani nomlando wezwe. Uthando lomshado alwenzeki njalo futhi lufanelekile ukuthola indlovukazi.
Umshado wawuthathwa njengokuthengiselana okuzuzisayo kanye nokuqala kwenyunyana kanye nokusekelwa kombuso. Ngemuva kokushona kukaFrancis, umbuzo womshado uMariya Stewart wavuka ngomshado. U-Elizabeth njengenselele yesandla lapho futhi inhliziyo ye-plaid yanikeza uRobert Dudley ayithandayo. Iqembu elinjalo labangela intukuthelo kaMariya. Indlovukazi ayikwazanga ukukhetha i-WEVOVE elukiwe.
Ngo-1565, umzala weNdlovukazi kaHeenrich Stewart ufika eScotland, e-Lord Darnteley. Emuhle ngaphandle, insizwa ephakeme neyephakeme ikhange ukunakwa kukaMariya futhi yahlasela inhliziyo yakhe ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwabancane abashadile ababeyimbangela yokunganeliseki kweNdlovukazi yesiNgisi namaProthestani amaScotland. Abaholi abenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu zeNkantolo yasebukhosini bagasele uzungu futhi bazama ukukhulisa umbhikisho, lapho uMariya akwazile ukucindezela, abeke imizamo enkulu.
Umyeni osanda kwenziwa wadumaza ngokushesha le ndlovukazi, enobuhlakani, engakulungeli ngokuhlola isihlalo sobukhosi sendoda. Uhulumeni wehlele kumlingani, naphezu kwengxenye engcwele yegceke nokuzalwa okusheshayo kwendlalifa. Ngokwesekwa yi-Darnley cishe, wahlela uzungu, futhi phambi kwabakhulelwe uMaria Stewart wabulawa ngonya ngumngane wakhe osondelene nonobhala wakhe osondelene noDavid Riccio.
Ukuya ebuqilini, indlovukazi yabuyisana esidlangalaleni nomyeni wakhe nabasekeli bayo, okwenza ukuba kwehlukana kube umbhikisho oyimfihlo. Lapho amabutho eyomile, uMaria waphathwa ngama-aristocrat angavumelani.
Inhliziyo yendlovukazi inikezwa enye indoda - uJames Hepbern, futhi umlingani aphazamisa kuphela. Ngezimo ezingaqondakali ngo-1567, ukubulala uDarntey kubulawa amadolobha ase-Edinburgh. Indawo yokuhlala lapho i-monarch iyekile. Ukubandakanyeka kukaMariya kuya emicimbini akuzange kufakwe. Izazi-mlando zisalahlekile ngokuqagela ukuzibandakanya okuqondile ekubulaweni komfazi ongakholelwa.
Hhayi nhlobo amahloni, ngokufana okungu-1567, oqondiswa yinsimu yenhliziyo, uMaria ushade noFanteral. Lo mthetho ekugcineni unciphise ukwesekwa kwakhe kwegceke.
AmaProthestani angenakuqhathaniswa, anolaka adidayo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu esihlela ukuvukelwa futhi aphoqe indlovukazi ukuba ilahle isihlalo sobukhosi esikhundleni sendodana yaseYakov, i-regent lapho kumiswa khona omunye wabathengi bendodana. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi uMaria uhlela i-hepburn ukubalekela ezweni, ekhathazekile ngempilo yabathandekayo.
INdlovukazi ebhubhiwe yavalelwa e-Lohallen Castle, lapho, ngamahemuhemu, ngasese yabeletha amawele. Akwaziwa, izingane zasinda noma zazalwa zifile, kodwa emlandweni wamaScotland amagama awo akuzange kukhulunywe ngazo. Ukuyenga umphathi, uMaria wabaleka ejele waya eNgilandi, wethemba ukusekela u-Elizabethe.
Ukushona
ENdlovukazi yaseNgilandi, uMaria Stewart ubelokhu eyisimbangi esingafuneki kanye nomncintiswano woMbuso. U-Naive Scotland akazange aqonde okuvimbela u-Elizabethe, futhi akazange aqaphele ukuthi owesifazane waseRussia wayezohamba kanjani, owayengenazo izifasi noma impilo yomuntu siqu. Ukuzama ukudonsa isikhathi, u-Elizabeth wajoyina umzala ngokwezigaba, ukwenqaba ngokwezigaba ukuhlangana mathupha.
KuMariya wabeka isiboshwa samacala esigebengu nabesilisa, ngakho-ke ukuphela kowesifazane kwakufanele kunqume ukuthi kunqunywe ikhomishini yontanga yesiNgisi. Umugqa we-Bess wabe esedlala indima, wathandana nayo futhi wakulungele ukushada noSihlalo weKhomishini osolwa ngokusolwa ngokwawo.
Ekugcineni, ukubekezela kuka-Elizabeth kwasondela ekugcineni. UMaria waba yisisulu sozungu lobuqili. Lo mbhalo wakhohliswa, ngakho-ke iScotland eyala ngokubulala u-Elizabethe. Indlovukazi yesiNgisi yasayina umyalo wokubulawa kukaMary Stewart.
Ukuziqhenya ngeScotland kucelwe ukufa kwe-fusion. Ngosuku lokukhuphuka ku-scaffold, wafaka ingubo ebomvu futhi unekhanda elikhuliswe kakhulu kulokhu owayebulawa. Ukuzimisela kanye nesibindi sowesifazane waphawula bonke abakhona, ngisho nombulali uqobo. Kubo bonke, uMaria wathi uthethelela wonke umuntu, wayibeka ekhanda lakhe.
Indlovukazi ebhuqekile neyofunga ifisa ukungcwatshwa eFrance. Isivumelwano sokugcina sikaMariya asizange sigcwalise, singcwaba izinsalela eNgilandi. Indodana kaMariya Yakov, iba yinkosi ebusayo nenkosi yaseNgilandi ngo-1603, yayalwa ukuba idlulise uthuli lukamama liye eWestminster Abbey.
Ukukhumbula
Isiphetho esinjalo esikhanyayo nesimangalisa, usizi olugcwele, ubuqili nothando, alukwazanga ukungabi ngababhali nezimbongi ezithakazelayo. Umlando wempilo yeNdlovukazi uchazwe nguFriedrich Schiller, uStefan Cweig, uJoseph Brodsky wanikezela usizi lwe-plicle umjikelezo wezinkondlo "ama-annets angamashumi amabili kuMary Stewart."
Isithombe seNdlovukazi sikhonjiswa ngokwenza kanye namafilimu. Uchungechunge oludumile lwe- "Kingdom" lusho nge-biography yendlovukazi encane nokufika kwesihlalo sobukhosi.
Mhlawumbe, akekho noyedwa wabesifazane bamakhosi anaka ubuciko nezincwadi, umfundisi onjalo, imfumbe kanye nenhlekelele yempilo yayo eyayizama ukuveza ababhali bomhlaba abahamba phambili.
Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ku-movie esithombeni seNdlovukazi Scone Sheone:
- UCatherine Hepbrun kwifilimu ethi "Mary Spotland" (1936)
- I-Inge Keller eTelfilm "Maria Stewart" (1959)
- UVanessa Redgrave in the film "Maria - Queen of Scotland" (1971)
- Izimbongi ze-cleber kufilimu ethi "Concuracy Ukulwa Umqhele" (2004)
- Umnqobi weCharlotte ochungechungeni lwe-Mini TV "Queen-Virtue" (2005)
- UBarbara Flynn ochungechungeni lwe-mini-uchungechunge "elizabeth i" (2005)
- I-Samantha Morton kwifilimu ethi "Golden Age" (2007)
- U-Adelaide Kane ochungechungeni lwethelevishini "UMbuso" (2013)
- ICamilla Ponerford kwifilimu ethi "Maria - Queen of Scotland" (2013)
- USirsha Ronan kwifilimu "Maria - Queen of Scotland" (2018)