I-Biograge
Umlobi waseBrithani uBarbara Cardland ubizwa ngokuthi "ifektri yothando" ne "Ndlovukazi YaseRoma". Ubehlala ngaphandle kwekhulu leminyaka futhi wanikeza abalandeli bothando prose 723 imisebenzi, beshaya incwadi kagogo yamarekhodi njengoMlobi omangalisayo kakhulu waseBrithani nasemhlabeni ngekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kweminye iminyaka yadala amanoveli angama-20-26. Ngemuva kokushona komlobi endaweni yokugcina umlando, kwatholakala amakhulu emibhalo yesandla yamanoveli angadingekile.
Ngokusho kwe-UNESCO, i-Cardland ingesinye sababhali abahunyushiwe njalo futhi bathatha indawo engu-7 ohlwini. Ukusakazwa okuphelele kwezincwadi zezincwadi zezinzwa kungaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-750. Imibhalo yayo ihunyushelwa ezilimini ezingama-36.
Ngaphezu kweProses Romantic, iBriton yakha ukuhlanganiswa kweCulional, ishicilele izincwadi zokuziphatha ngokuziphatha kwendlu kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo, yabhala i-biography yesikhathi esidlule.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umfazi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa ngo-1901 eBirmingham emndenini ovikelekile we-Berran Cartland noMariya Hamilton Kranel. UBarbara - ingane yokuqala yamakhadi. Emva kwakhe, kwavela amadodana.
Umndeni u-Idyll wabhubhisa iMpi Yezwe II. Umkhulu ushiye impilo: Ibhizinisi lakhe elakhiwe ngamashumi eminyaka laliba yintukuthelo. Indoda ayizange isinde ekuqothulweni kokuqothuka futhi yazidubula. Ngo-1918, inhloko yomndeni yafa enkundleni yempi eFlanders. Umfelokazi nezingane wathuthela eLondon, lapho avuleka khona esitolo sengubo eqediwe.
Ngo-1920, le ntombazane yathola umsebenzi njengephephandaba elithi "Daly Telegraph". Imfundo, imvelaphi kanye nokubukeka okukhanyayo kwavula iminyango ye-barbara ye-salon yezwe, kanye nepeni elikhulu kanye nolwazi lwempilo yabameleli bezwe eliphakeme kusiza ukuba yintatheli yezwe ethandwayo:
Ephephandabeni, le ntokazi yadonsela ikhono nesitayela, futhi kuma-salon of the amateri aseBrithani afunda izimilo zokuziphatha futhi wayezwe iziza, ngokushesha ezazilusizo ezincwadini zokubhala.
Into yokufunda
Wayengacabangi ngodumo lomlobi wombhali: Inoveli yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Jig,", uBarbara wabhala, ephikisana nomfowabo. Isikweletu saphenduka izindlebe: Indatshana yathanda ama-parostriots. Kamuva, abagxeki babiza inoveli okuhle kakhulu efeni laseBrithani. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uBarbara Cardland wafika encwadini yesibili - "iphazili", uFrank ngaleso sikhathi. Futhi futhi umfundi ofudumele.
Umlobi akazange afune i-lavra yama-lalsracs aseBrithani futhi anethemba lokuthi izilaleli zomfundi ezithile: izintokazi ezingenakuqhathaniswa namantombazane, omama bendlu abaphupha ngothando olukhulu noluhlanzekile. Eminyakeni yokuqala, i-Cardland ichithe ekubhaleni incwadi isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, futhi esiqongweni sokubhala umsebenzi - 1950-60s - kuhlanganiswa amanoveli angama-20 ngonyaka.
Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1930s, uBarbara wakhipha uchungechunge lwamanoveli, okwakuyiziboshwa zakhe ezihle kakhulu zemigodi. Onke umbhali we-heroine ubumsulwa bokuziphatha. I-Romantic encanekazi ibeka inselelo ubumsulwa nemizwa ephezulu. Ucansi luyabonakala kungaphezu kwamakhasi ayi-118, njengamakhadi we-Kiddille.
Ubuhle obuncane nomuntu okhethiwe bahlangabezana nomuzwa oqinile, kodwa baphoqeleka ukuba banqobe izithiyo nezimbuzi ezimangalisayo zezitha ukuhlanganisa kabusha. Amabhondi omshado avela kuphela ku-Finals Finals. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, udokotela onothando kwakudingeka ayeke umkhuba wesikhathi futhi enze ukuvumelana kwama-nrule eNew Century, kodwa akuzange kube yimisebenzi emibi. Maphakathi nomsebenzi wokudala, amanoveli omlando avele eBarbara Cardland.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi esebenzisa abafundi bentshisekelo kakhulu, amanoveli athi "ukumangala komshado" kanye "nesipho sekusasa".
Esiqeshini sencwadi yokuqala, ekuqaleni "umakoti ongenakulindeleka", oshicilelwe, uchaza ikholomu eyayinqobile iNkosi ekhadini. Ngokuchithwa kokuwina, iNkosi Empofu iyavuma ukushada igrafu yendodakazi yobuhle. Kepha umdlali ojabulayo akawona umncane, futhi udadewethu omdala - uLucinda, hhayi muhle, kodwa uhlakaniphile futhi onesibindi. I-Graph Meridan ayithandi masinyane le ntombazane, kodwa lapho ingena kwinethiwekhi yayo, ithola isimanga esingalindele.
Isipho "Isipho Sekusasa" sibonisa okwedlule. I-Viscount, eyamukelwa ubuhle obunobuqili, bafunga ukuthi bashade nentombazane yokuqala ezayo. Emisebenzini yendoda ethukuthele elinde "isipho sesiphetho" esilindelekile - umzala omncane wakhohlisa ubuhle bakhe: Intombazane yaphunyuka kubazali abanesihluku. Ukungqubuzana kwe-viscount futhi uthola lezimanga eziningi.
Ngo-1973, iBarbara Cardland yaletha abafundi incwadi ebizwa nge- "Bad Marquis". I-Love Swirling yothando elimnandi lithwebula ekhasini lokuqala futhi ligcina ukungezwani kulolokugcina. Ngo-1984, othanda iziza eziqanjiwe zithola isimanga esisha - ukwakheka koMlobokazi "Ongajwayelekile".
Umlingisi ophambili yisikhathi sokuphila sempilo iMarquis Falcon, ezindlebeni ezinamathele ezikweletini. Ukulahleka, kuthatha indodakazi yegrafu ecebile egqashuka. Kepha ukuphefumula kwesiphetho kuveza ukumangala: esikhundleni se-Mirabel, nge-doudon enkulu, i-falcon ithola udadewabo omncane u-Elmina, ngaphandle kwemali. Kepha uletha injabulo eMarquis.
Abagxeki bemibhalo abazange bakhonondele iBarbara Cartland. I-Novelist yahlanjalazwa ukuzwela ngokweqile, i-grafomania kanye neziza ezingezona ezangempela. Eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemuva kokushona kweKhadiya eNgilandi, umlobi we-Love Novels kanye namaHondo Georgette Heyer, wasola uzakwethu ekuntshosweni kweziza nokungazi kwenkathi yezincwadi.
Isikhathi sokutadisha okujulile komlando weBarbara Cartland - "Ifektri Yothando" - yayingenjalo. Udokotela onobuhlakani waphenduka imoto ekwenzeni imali. Iningi le-typentist lisebenze kulo, kanye nendodana yokukhamuluka ezincwadini ezincwadini emlandweni wolwazi olwalufunwa ngumama ukuthi abhale amanoveli futhi aboniswe kakhulu - uVictoria.
Izincwadi ZaseBrithani zavikelwa. Ngeminyaka yama-1990s, iMelodrama "Ghost eMonte Carlo" kanye ne- "Lady and Robber" baphuma. Efilimu lokugcina lezinkanyezi ze-Hugh Grant, u-Oliver Reed no-Emma Samms.
I-Barbara Cardland yaziwa hhayi kuphela ngamanoveli othando kuphela. Ungumbhali 5 autobiograficies, izincwadi eziyishumi zokupheka kanye nezincomo ngesihlonipho, isiko lokudla, indima yabesifazane emlandweni nasezindleleni zefilosofi.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970s, leli hlaka lwenza abalandeli bokumangala: banikeze ipuleti lezingoma ezazihambisana neRoyal Orchestra.
Ngo-1988, uJacques Chirak ukuhlonipha amaBritish wahlela iholide eParis enesicishamlilo. AmaFulentshi anikeza umlobi ngendondo yegolide eParis yokuthuthukisa umthetho, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izingane zeGypsy ziye esikoleni. Ngosizo lwe-Barbara Cardland enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance, kwavela indawo yokuhlala yamaGypsy, egama linguBarbavil.
Wathola umbhishobhi wasemakhadiniland, owayesephakathi kwama-1988. UBarbara wandisa imingcele yokusetshenziswa kwezindiza, okuyindlela ngawo-1920-30s asetshenziswa kuphela kumabanga amafushane. Ngo-1931, owesifazane wakha i-glider, endiza amamayela angama-200 ngendiza engenayo. Isipiliyoni sasiwusizo eminyakeni yeMpi Yezwe II, eyakhuphuka abafowethu abasebasha eCarringland.
Phambilini, umholi wokuthengisa waseRoma kartand kwakunguFrance, kwashicilelwa iRussia namhlanje. Inyanga ezweni kunezincwadi ezingama-3-4 zikaBarbara.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Udokotela we-Novest wake washada kabili. Oshade naye wokuqala wayeyisikhulu u-Alexander Mckorotel. Umshado wenzeka ngo-1927, futhi, ngokusho kukaBarbara, wayewathanda ngobuqotho umyeni wakhe omuhle. Maphakathi nawo-1930 wabeletha indodakazi, eyayinikezwe igama elithi Rhine. Umshado uvaliwe emthunjini wawa ngo-1936. U-Alexander waphuza washintsha owakwakhe, ngenkathi emshaya nge-chassis ngomzala ka-Hugy Hugh.
Ngemuva kwesehlukaniso barbara, i-Cartland yashada noHugh yamzalela amadodana amabili. Indodakazi kadokotela onothando yayishade nobaba ongumfelokazi uDiana Spencer, inkosazana yekusasa, ukuba umama wakhe wokutholwa. UDiana wafundwa ngamanoveli odonswa inqola, kepha baba nobudlelwano obupholile: uBarbara wagxeka impilo yomuntu siqu yeLady Di.
Eminyakeni yobudala obuvuthiwe, uMarulland waba isithombe esibonakalayo somphakathi ophakeme waseLondon, kwavela kuthelevishini kanye nezingxoxo ezisatshalaliswa. Ngo-1990 kwakhiwa isikhundla samantombazane-ezentengiso eMbumbi waseBrithani.
Emlobini wezomlando we-1963 kaFlodowlel, kodwa wahlala eyintokazi ekhangayo, eyayiphumelela kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile futhi hhayi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokushona kukaBarbara, iKartland yahambisa amagugu amaningi angama-57 kuSothelansi, abalandeli abayinika.
Owesifazane uPhilosofi wacabanga ukuthi "amadayimane kaMati emasekeni amabhange" ayisiphukuphuku, kanye namabhola lapho angenziwa khona, kungabikwa kudala.
I-Barbara Cartlend ibheka iRodonachal ye-Glamor: Owesifazane wavuma umbala opinki, wethula imfashini ku "Cadillaci" amhlophe nezinja ezincane, wagqoka izigqoko ngezimpaphe noboya.
Ukushona
Imbangela yokufa kwe- "Queen Roman" yaba yisifo esifushane: Owesifazane oneminyaka engama-98 ushonele ephusheni, embhedeni ekhaya eTatfield, ngaphandle kokuphila ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe.I-Bibliography
- 1923 - "Izithunzi Zothando"
- Ngo-1938 - "Uthando luhlala lulungile"
- 1938 - "Ubusuku BaseGibhithe"
- Ngo-1939 - "I-Black Panther"
- 1951 - "Ghost eMonte Carlo"
- 1952 - "Lady and Robber"
- 1959 - "USilk Kiss"
- 1973 - "I-Marquis embi"
- Ngo-1976 - "Witch eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka"
- 1976 - "Hlonipha nehlazo"
- 1978 - "Uthando luya phakathi kwamabili"
- 1980 - "Ukumangala Komshado"
- 1984 - "Umakoti Ongajwayelekile"
- 1989 - "Ukulethwa kwekusasa"
- 1993 - "Ithangi elingenakuvinjwa"
- 1994 - "Umshado Womshado"