I-Biograge
Isazi sefilosofi esikhulu kanye nomcabangi wakhe imibono yayo ihlala ibalulekile emcabangweni wokucabanga. I-biography kaGeorge Hegel yagcwala ngemibono yesayensi eyayiletha usosayensi emhlabeni jikelele inkazimulo yaphakade. Ukucubungula i-hegel ingeyokucabanga kwefilosofi futhi kufundwa emanyuvesi anamuhla njengesisekelo sesayensi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngo-Agasti 1770, uGeorg Ludwig Hegel wazalelwa eStuttgart, owayemiselwe ukungena endabeni yesayensi yefilosofi. Ubaba wakhonze isikhulu esisezingeni eliphakeme enkantolo yaseWürtttemberg Duke. Ukuba nemvelaphi enjalo, umfana wathola imfundo yokuqala. Ubaba, obheka ukuqeqeshwa kwesikole okunganele, utshala imali nezimali, ngaphezu kwalokho umema othisha endlini.
Isazi sefilosofi esizayo ngokwakhe sazibona izifundo zakhe, futhi uthando lufunda. Ngisho nemali ephaketheni yachithwa ezincwadini ezintsha. Umfana waba ngumlawuli welabhulali yedolobha. Kukhethwe izincwadi ezenzweni zesayensi nezefilosofi, kanye nababhali basendulo. Kepha ubuciko, ama-classics aseJalimane adumile, awafakwanga ebangeni lezincwadi eziyizintandokazi. Esikhathini sokuzivocavoca, umfana uthole imivuzo yokusebenza kwezemfundo kanye nokukhuthala.
Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwe-Gymnasium ngo-1788, uHegel udlula izifundo zenkolo nefilosofi kumfundisi wezenkolo e-University of Tubingham. Lapho, insizwa ivikela i-dissertation. Ngesikhathi somfundi, kusondela ukugcotshwa kweShelling ne-Poet Helperlin. Ukuba mncane futhi u-Addent, kanye nabacabangi abathuthukile baleso sikhathi, kuyakuthanda izingcingo zabavukeli baseFrance, kepha akungeni ezinhlwini zabo.
Inyuvesi iyaqhubeka nothando lokufunda nezincwadi, ezihlekisa abanye abafundi, kepha hhayi nkulungwane. Injabulo yentsha yentsha nayo ayiyikude nomfundi. Njengomdala, umcabangi wesikhathi esizayo wasebenzisa iwayini, ugwayi weNyukhal futhi ngezikhathi ezithile wachitha kusihlwa ngemuva kokugembula.
Izinga le-Master lamukelwa yi-Hegel ngefilosofi, kepha iminyaka emithathu yokufunda inikelwe kwi-Theology, yize umfundi ebhekise esontweni kanye nenkonzo yokukhulekela. Mhlawumbe-ke, naphezu kwezivivinyo ezinhle kakhulu, umpristi akazange abe umpristi.
Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokukhululwa, le nsizwa yathola ukuthi wachitha izifundo zokuba yizingane zamaJalimane achumayo. Umsebenzi onjalo awusiwona kakhulu kwisazi sefilosofi esizayo, wanikeza ithuba lokusebenza ngemisebenzi yawo futhi afune ukusesha kwesayensi. Kodwa-ke, lapho kufa uBaba ngo-1799, indoda encane yathola ifa elincane ngo-1799, iyeka umsebenzi wangasese kathisha futhi icwile ekhanda lakhe ekubukeni nasebukulini, futhi nayo iya kwinkonzo yokufundisa ngezifundo.
Ifilosofi nesayensi
Ukuqala kwemibono eyisisekelo yehegeli kulele emisebenzini kaKant, obhekwa njengomsunguli wembono. Kodwa-ke, ifilosofi yeShegel enqubweni yokuthuthuka yasuka eKanta, yakhiwa ekufundiseni okuzimele.
Indlela yefilosofi yomcabangi waseJalimane ithole igama lezingqinamba. Umnyombo womqondo ophelele wengqondo yilokho okungokoqobo kufundwa ngokweqiniso, ngoba indawo yonke ngokwayo inengqondo. Futhi iqiniso ngokweqiniso limane nje lingumqondo olikhombisa emhlabeni.
I-dialectic ilele ekushintsheni okungenamkhawulo kwe-thesis ngesiwoti. Isazi sefilosofi, echaza lo mqondo, bakholelwa ukuthi noma yimuphi umThesi ekugcineni uholela emacaleni, kepha lokhu akuyeki inqubo, futhi isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlanganiswa kwabaphikisi ababili.
Isistimu yohlelo lweGegel iqukethe izinyathelo ezintathu - ukuba uqobo lwayo, ukubalwa yena nokuba yedwa kuye uqobo. Umbono ofanayo usebenza kumqondo womoya nengqondo. Njengoba ekuqaleni komoya uqobo, ukusakazeka esikhaleni, kubalwe ngokwayo - imvelo. Futhi imvelo iyakhula ekwazini, nayo futhi ithatha izigaba ezintathu.
Umgomo ofanayo wokuhlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezintathu usetshenziswa yi-HEGEL nasohlelweni lwefilosofi. Logic - Isayensi yomoya uqobo; Ifilosofi yemvelo - isayensi yomoya ngokwakho; kanye nefilosofi ezimele yoMoya.
Ukuziphatha, umbono wombuso kanye nefilosofi yomlando kwavela ukuthi kubalulekile emphakathini ngezifunda zefilosofi. Ngokusho kwezimfundiso zikaGegel, umbuso uwukubonakaliswa okuphakeme kakhulu komoya, umbono waphezulu owathola ukubonwa emhlabeni, iqiniso lokuthi uMoya wazidalela yena. Kuliqiniso, isazi sefilosofi siphawula ukuthi lesi simo siphelele kuphela. Iqiniso ligcwele izifundazwe ezinhle nezimbi.
Indaba, nayo, ichazwa njengesayensi yesizathu, lapho izehlakalo zenzeka khona ngokuya ngemithetho yengqondo. Imithetho ibonakala inesihluku futhi ayilungile, kepha ayikwazi ukwahlulelwa ngamazinga ajwayelekile. Baphishekela inhloso yomoya womhlaba ongatholakali ngokushesha ekuqondeni emphakathini.
Kuyiqiniso, imicabango enjalo enenjabulo eyamukelwe ngumphakathi namandla. Kancane kancane, imfundiso iba yifilosofi esemthethweni yoMbuso, yize izelishi ayengahlanganyeli nosopolitiki wababusi basePrussia. Izincwadi zikaHegel zikhiqizwa ngokujikeleza okubanzi futhi zifundwa emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni.
Owokuqala ohlwini lwemisebenzi ebonakalayo neligugu kwakuyi "phenomenology of moya", okwabona ukukhanya ngo-1807, lapho kumiswa khona imicabango eyisisekelo, imibono yezolimo kanye nemithetho yezilimi.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-hegel ayizange ihlale inika izincazelo ezisetshenziswa yimiqondo. Kulokhu, izinkomba ezivela abalandeli bezimfundiso. Izazi zefilosofi zihumusha abasunguli bomsunguli wezilimi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene futhi zakhe imithetho yabo yentuthuko yomoya ophelele.
Ngezikhathi ezihlukile, izimfundiso zikaGegel nazo beziqinile nokugxekwa. Ngakho-ke, okwesikhathi sobukhosi u-Arthur Schopenhauer wasolwa ozakwabo ngobungxabano, kanye nemfundiso esemncane, eyethulwa ngokusobala edidayo nenkungu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Isikhundla sombhalo eNuremberg Gymnasium, sitholwe ngo-1808, asilethanga iholo elikhulu. Ekuqaleni, uHegel nemicabango yakhe akazange akujabulele ukuphumelela kwabafundi. Kodwa-ke, njengokuzibandakanya kwezimfundiso, ukukhishwa kwezincwadi ezathola ukuqashelwa emibuthanweni ephakeme kakhulu, izinkulumo zefilosofi ziqoqa izithameli ezigcwele.
Ngo-1811, uHegel wenza isinqumo sokuthola lo mndeni futhi ashade nendodakazi yabazali abanolwazi kakhulu kaMariya uMariya zulu tulher. Intombazane ine-kabili umlingani, kepha umyeni ohlaza okotshani, ebonga ingqondo kanye nezimpumelelo zamuva.
Ipulazi Hegel laholela ngokuzimela, elawula izindleko nemali engenayo yomndeni. Unkosikazi wajwayela incekukazi eyodwa kuphela. Abalingani baqala ukuvela izingane. Indodakazi yokuqala ishonile ngemuva kokuzalwa, okuvame ukwenzeka komama abasebasha ngaleso sikhathi. Lapho-ke ukuzalwa kwamadodana amabili kwalandelwa nguKarl no-Imanuweli.
Izinkinga zomndeni nezindlu zingaphazamisi nezefilosofi ukuze zizinikele kwisayensi futhi zibhale izincwadi ezintsha. Ngo-1816, usosayensi uthola isimemo ezinkulumweni njengoprofeta ojwayelekile e-University of Heidelberg. Futhi emva konyaka, ngenkohliso, inkosi ithola indawo kwabaprofesseri baseBerlin University. Ngaleso sikhathi, uBherlin wayeyisizinda sokucabanga kwengqondo, ukhilimu okhanyiselwe futhi umphakathi othuthukile wawuhlala enhlokodolobha.
Usosayensi washeshe waqonda kahle imvelo entsha, wandise umbuthano wokuthandana. Phakathi kwabangane abasha bavele izikhonzi, abaculi, izingqondo zesayensi. Njengangokwesikhathi sabantu abatshelwa emimelweni, uHegel wawuthanda umphakathi wakhe wezenhlalo, wayewazi amahemuhemu asemadolobheni. Wabanika ukuba neqembu labesifazane, abesifazane abasha. Isazi sefilosofi saziwa ngefran yangempela. Izingubo kuye kanye nabalingani benza ingxenye enkulu yesabelomali.
Ngo-1830, uHegel waqokelwa umnyombo weNyuvesi eBerlin, kwathi ngo-1831 wanikezwa umyalo wokhozi obomvu wesiqu sesi-3 kwinkonzo yombuso.
Ukushona
Ngo-1830, ikholera yahlanganisa iBerlin. Isazi sefilosofi nomndeni wakhe ngokushesha saphuma edolobheni. Kodwa-ke, ngo-Okthoba, ngokubheka ukuthi ingozi ephasiswe, umlando ubuyela enkonzweni ekuqaleni kwesemester. NgoNovemba 14 wonyaka ofanayo, usosayensi omkhulu wafa.Ngokusho kodokotela, umcabangi ogqamile washiya impilo ngenxa yezinkulungwane ezikhuphukayo zokuphila kwalesi sifo sobhubhane, kepha isifo esisemathunjini sihlala sifana nembangela yokushiya impilo. Umngcwabo oqinile wesosayensi wenzeka ngoNovemba 16.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1807 - "Ingqondo Yomoya"
- 1812-1816 - "Isayensi ye-Logic"
- 1817 - "I-Encyclopedia of Filosophical Science"
- Ngo-1821 - "Ifilosofi Yomthetho"