I-Biograge
I-Yakov iosifovich jugashvili yindodana endala kaJoseph Stalin, owashona phakathi neMpi enkulu yokuthanda izwe ekudingisweni kwesiJalimane. Impilo nesiphetho sabazibulo "babubele" kubuhlungu futhi akuhambelani wumbono we- "lobal" wendodana eyisibonelo, ukuthi ngingathanda ukuzithoba kanjani eSoviet Propagwanda. UJakov jugashvili wayengumuntu ojwayelekile - engqubuzanayo, egoqa futhi ephila, kanye nesimo sengane yakwaGeneralMissimus kunalokho okuvinjelwe ekuphileni.Ubuntwana nentsha
Amazibulo kaStalin azalwa ngoMashi 1907 enyakatho yeGeorgia, edolobhaneni laseBadji, elingekude ku-Kutaisi. Umama Ekaterina Svanidze Yakov akazange akhumbule: Owesifazane wabulawa yi-typhoid yesisu izinyanga eziyi-8 ngemuva kokuzalwa kweNdodana.
Kufika eminyakeni eyi-14 ubudala, umshana wawunakekelwa ngu-Aunt Aber Amentandra wakhe weMista, uMamina odade. Isikole esiseduze sasisedolobhaneni elingumakhelwane, amakhilomitha ayi-7, noYasha nsuku zonke ngezinyawo benqoba indlela eya e-badji nangemuva. Ubaba wathatha amazibulo eMoscow ngo-1921. Ngawo lowo nyaka, indodana kaVasily Stalin yazalwa nekusasa likaGeneriassimus, kwathi ngo-1922 uJoseph Vissarionovich wakhethwa ngunobhala jikelele weKomidi eliseCentral of the RCPP (B).
Enhlokodolobha, osemusha owavela esifundazweni saseGeaf Georgia wadideka. Emndenini omusha, uBaba wazizwa ebabazekayo, avale futhi agcinwe emithunzini, lapho uStalin abiza iVolconk ye-Yakov. UNadezhda Allilueva wafudumeza umfana ngemfudumalo kamama futhi wathola indlela kuye.
UJakov jugashvili uthweswe iziqu esikoleni e-Arbat, wabe eseya esikoleni sikagesi eSokolniki. Ngo-1925, le nsizwa yathola imfundo ekhethekile yesibili, kodwa wenqaba ukungena esikhungweni, yize ukuhlola bekuphezulu.
Ukushada kwemfihlo kweYakoV eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala konyaka ofunda nabo ekilasini uZee Gunnina, indodakazi kampristi, wabopha ikhanda lakhe lolaka lukaYise wesoka lakhe. Ukuxabana nomzali kwaphela ngokuzama ukuzibulala: UJugashvili wazidubula, kodwa inhlamvu yahamba ngegagasi.
Ngemuva kokululama kukaYakov nomkakhe, eMkhandlwini, uSergey Kirov waya eLeningrad wathola indawo yokukhosela emndenini we-allyluve. UZoya ungene esikhungweni sezintaba, kanye ne-jugashvili esencane, ngosizo lweKirov, lwazinza ukuzosebenza endaweni yokufaka umsizi kagesi.
UJakov wenza isidingo sikayise futhi wabuyela enhlokodolobha ngo-1930. ELeningrad, akazange awenze lutho: ngonyaka ngaphambili babenentombazane eno-roe, kodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ingane yafa. Umndeni wahlukana.
EMoscow, uYakov zhugashvili waba ngumfundi e-Institute of Transport Onjiniyela, lapho kwafika khona u-1936 eButholti ye-Thermal Physics. Unyaka weNhloko yalowo mholi wasebenza esikhungweni samandla esitshalo esigqoka igama likaYise, njengeposi lenjini yokusebenza kwama-turbines. UJoseph Vissarionovich waphupha ngomsebenzi wamasosha wamadodana, futhi uYakov elahlekile: Ngo-1937 waba ngumfundi we-Academy owayelungiselela abadlali be-artillery.
UJugashvili uthweswe iziqu eziqubuka e-Academy ngosuku lwempi. NgoMeyi 1941, waqokwa ngumkhuzi webhethri kanye nelungu le-WCP (B).
Umbutho wezempi
Ngaphambi, uLieutenant Yakov jugashvili ushaye ngasekupheleni kukaJuni 1941. Ukuvaleka kukababa kuhambe nokulwa, Wenza, walingisa ibhethri leshalofini laseGaubic ekwahlukaniseni ithangi lebutho lama-20. Ngemuva kwesonto, ngoJulayi 4, ingxenye yeJugashvili yawela endaweni yaseJalimane ngaseduze kwaseVitebsk, kwathi ngoJulayi 7, uJacob, kanye nabanye abalwa, eyethulwa kulo mklomelo wedolobha laseBelarusian uShenno.Maphakathi no-Agasti 1941, i-athikili ephathelene nesibindi nobuqhawe be-Battery Commander yashicilelwa e-Red Star, ku-projectile yokugcina, kanye nabalwa kanye ne-Fighters balwa nesitha. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwenombolo yamaphephandaba, iYakoV ithathwe amaJalimane inyanga. Wawela kumaFascists, ephuma endaweni yesitha, maphakathi noJulayi.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, indodana kaGenelissimusis iphenya ngemibuzo ngoJulayi 18, 1941. Iphrothokholi ebukhali yatholakala ngemuva kwempi eBerlin, endaweni yokugcina kungobo yomlando. Kulezi zinsuku, lo mbhalo ugcinwe ePodolsk, endaweni yokugcina imibhalo yezempi. Lapho ephenywa, iNdodana yeNhloko yeSoviet State yagcinwa ngokwanele, kepha ayikwazanga ukumelana namazwi okudumaza amaqhinga wezenzo ezibomvu zempi.
Eminyakeni emibili uYakov, uJugashvili wazulazula ezungeze amakamu: wathuthwa esuka eBavaria Ham Hammelburg eya enyakatho yeJalimane, eLubeck, futhi ukusuka lapho ngo-1942 eya ekamu lokuhlushwa laseZakshenhausen e-Oranienburg.
Kukho konke, umyalo waseJalimane wawuzama ukushintshana nendodana kaGetionallissimus esitsheni se-Wehrmacht. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lokhu kwabhalwa udade ohlanganisiwe kaJakov, uSvetlana Allylueva. Ngokusho kwakhe, uYise wamtshela ngokushintshana okuhlongozwayo nokungabaza ekuxoxeni ngesitha nasebusika ngo-1943-44.
Uhlelo lokuhlongoza amaJalimane ukushintshana ngoJacob kuFriedrich Paulus akazange athole isiqinisekiso, futhi amagama omholi awazange ashintshe isosha emkhakheni wama-marmal, angaba inganekwane enhle yabameli be-stalin ngomlando. Kepha imizamo yaseJalimane yokwenza ukushintshana okunenzuzo kungenzeka.
Ezinkumbulweni ezibhalwe esikhathini sangemva kwempi, uGeorgy Zhukov wabelana ngokuthi uJoseph Vissarionovich wayazi ngekusasa elidabukisayo leYakov. Emhlanganweni, wacasha ukuthi indodana yakhe ayiphumi ekamu, amaJalimane amdubula. Emhlanganweni wezempi "ukuwa kukaBerlin" uMqondisi uMikhail Chiaureli okuhlose ukukhombisa amaqhawe aphambili eGeneralissimus njengeqhawe elibuhlungu lempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, kepha uStalin wawenqabela.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Maphakathi nawo-1930s, uJaugazvili waya e-Urreupinsk, lapho achitha khona iholide lakhe. Ukwazi no-Olga Golysheva kwenzeka ezihlotsheni zethemba alllyluve. Kuqubuke inoveli esheshayo, eyayingathweswa umqhele womshado osemthethweni.
Ngemuva konyaka, ngo-1936, u-Olga wazala uJakobe amazibulo, ogama lakhe lingu-Eugene. Ngaleso sikhathi, uJugashvili wayesevele ebudlelwaneni obusemthethweni nomculi we-ballet uJulia Melzer. NgoFebhuwari 1938, oshade naye wamnika umyeni wakhe endodakazini yakhe uGalina.
Umzukulu kaJoseph Vissariovich - U-Evgeny Jugashvili - Uthweswe iziqu eSuvorov Hirs School eKalinin, khona-ke i-Air Engineering Academy. Ngemuva kokushona kukagogo, abazukulu baqoke umklomelo womuntu ngaphambi kokuphela kwemfundo.
U-Eugene wavikela ummbilo wakhe kwathi ngo-1970-80 wafundisa eminyangweni yamasosha. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, wathatha umhlalaphansi esigabeni sikaColoneli. Ubhale incwadi ekhuluma ngogogo odumile futhi wadlala uJoseph Vissariovich kwifilimu devi abashidini "Yakov, indodana stalin".
U-Evgenia Zhugashvili wayenamadodana amabili - uVissarion noYakov. Owokuqala waba ngumqondisi, owesibili - umculi. Abakhulu bakaStalin abakhulu bahlala eTbilisi.
UGalina Zhugashvili othweswe iziqu eMoscow State University futhi wasebenza enhlanganweni yezincwadi zomhlaba umcwaningi omncane. Ngo-1970, iNdodana yazalelwa e-Algeria - uchwepheshe we-UN. Umkhulu omkhulu kaStalin wamemeza uSelim.
Ukushona
Emlandweni wokufa kukaYakov, uJugashvili wahlala amabala amhlophe. Uhlobo olusemthethweni uthi izibulo lomholi zishonile eZacchenhausen ngo-Ephreli 1943. Wagxuma waphuma efasiteleni leWundlu futhi waphuthuma waya onogada. Wabulawa kusuka ku-lesion kuze kube manje. Ngaphambi kokushona komlindi uJak, waphendula: "Phubeka!"Isidumbu sikaJugashvili sashiswa eCamp Crematorium. I-URN enemibhalo ehambisana nalokhu ngokufa kweYakov nemiphumela yophenyo lokufa kwakhe yanyamalala emnyangweni omkhulu wezokuphepha kwe-Impirial of the Greede Reich. Ezithelweni zamaJalimane, lesi sithombe sasigcinwe lapho abakwaYakov jugashvili oshonile, kodwa ochwepheshe abaqinisekile ukuthi indodana yeNdodana kaGetionallissimus iyabanjwa.
Emva kokuphela kwempi, uSsencek walethe ubufakazi bobulili uYakovi, kanye nobufakazi bawomalungelo nonogada ofundwe ngalo isibindi seNdodana.
Indodana yokukhulisa umholi - u-Argem Sergeyev - uyaphika ukufa kukaYakov eZacchenhausen, yize ehlobo lika-2007, i-FSB yaseRussia ikuqinisekisile ukufa kukaJugashvili ekamu lokuhlushwa. USergeyev uveza ukuthi umfowethu ogama lakhe linguMfowethu wafa ngaphambili ngoJulayi 1941.
Imemori (izibuko)
- 1969-1971 - "Ukukhululwa"
- 1990 - "I-Yakov, Son Stalin"
- 1992 - "Stalin"
- Ngo-2006 - "Stalin. Bukhoma »
- 2013 - "Ndodana kaYise Wezizwe"
- 2017 - "Vlasik. Isithunzi se-Stalin "