I-Biograge
UMarina Mnishek waba ngomunye wamaqhawe akhanyayo wesikhathi esinezinkinga. Isiphetho sowesifazane sithweswe umqhele wesihlalo sobukhosi saseRussia, sigcwele uthando, ukukhathazeka, ukuzulazula. Impilo yabafundi bekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa ifana nenoveli ye-adventure enomphumela odabukisayo.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMarina wazalelwa eLoyashkah Multicu (manje isifunda saseLviv), lapho kwakukhona khona impahla yomndeni. Abalingani - Unobhala wekhanda likaJadwig Tarlo noJerzy Mnishka, owayehamba ebukhosini bakwaSandomira - wayekhona, ngaphezu kweNdlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo yeMoscow, nenzalo eyisishiyagalombili.
Umndeni omuhle wayecebile, kodwa wawumpofu kahle uma uqhathanisa eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, kubandakanya necala likababa we-hedgehog. Ukuhamba okuvela eCzech Republic kwahlukaniswa umlingiswa onamandla, wathi le ndoda yasiza umbusi waseSicizmundu u-Augustus ukuba athole ama-minustres - anikezwe aqonde egumbini lakhe lokulala lamantombazane amancane. Ngakho-ke, iGendry ayinakuthandwa uMnishka, futhi abanye bebengakubheki nokuthi kudingekile ukubingelela nokubhekana nakho.
Futhi nokho umndeni ngamazinga okuphela kwekhulu le-16 wathathwa njengocebile. Isiphetho sikaMarina kungenzeka ukuthi siphumelele ngenenjabulo - umsuka kanye nesimo sezezimali savula indlela eya emshadweni ophumelelayo, impilo ibizogcwala amabhande nezinye izinto zokuzijabulisa zomphakathi.
Intombazane yakhula ngaphansi kokuqondisa izindelakazi zamaKatolika, yathola ukukhuliswa kwayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuzayo, ithalente lavulwa eMarina ukuthi likhohlise amadoda futhi ngokujwayelekile indawo ezungezile - noma ngabe imvelo yabekwa, noma ngubani ofundisayo. Leli khono eliqhakazile lafika ngendlela, ngoba le ntombazane ebushelelezi ayikwazanga ukuziqhayisa ngobuhle: ukukhula okuphansi, ukungcola kanye nabansundu ngokweqile bekungahloniphi.
Lhadmitry nebhodi
Lapho uMarina Mnishek eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala (1604), kwavela owesilisa efa lokuzalwa kwakhe, owazibiza ngokuthi amaRussia Tsarevich Dzanamich. I-Commonwealth Agunulus - Indodana ka-Ivan Grozny ayibulawa nhlobo e-Uglich (ikwazile ukubalekela ngasese phesheya) futhi manje isimangalo ngesihlalo sobukhosi sezwe lomdabu. Amahemuhemu asheshe aphuthume eMoscow.
Ukubona indodakazi yombusi, uLhadmitryrrya waxoshwa uthando. Le ntombazane yayikude nezepolitiki, futhi umsebenzi wawungathandani ngokukhethekile - izazi-mlando "zazinokukhula okuncane, amahlombe abanzi kakhulu nezandla zobude obuhlukile, ngenkathi ubuso bakhe obuhlukile, nobuso bakhe obuhlotshiswe ngekhala". Akumangazi ukuthi ngokwehlukana komkhwenyana alikaze litholakale ezinhlokweni zezithandwa.
Ukuphendula intombazane eyinkantolo kwaphoqa izindela, ukuphishekela inhloso yokwethula ubuKatolika eRussia. Abahlanganyeli abasekele umgadli nenkosi yaseSigismund yomuntu yakhe. Kodwa-ke, uYise womakoti abeka izimo ezinkulu: Indodakazi kufanele ibe yindlovukazi, ukuphathwa kwayo kuthola i-Pskov naseNovgorod, kuyilapho ilungelo lokuvuma amaKatolika lilungisiwe. Uma i-Dmitry ingaphumeleli ekukhuphukeni kwesihlalo sobukhosi, uMarina wakhululeka futhi wakwazi ngaphansi komqhele wenye indoda. Umkhwenyana wavuma, futhi ukuzibandakanya kwenzeka.
Ngemuva kokuba uLhadmitry athathe amandla esifundazwe saseRussia, uMarina Mnishek onesifo esixakile esivela enhlokodolobha yaseRussia. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi 1606, le ntombazane ibimakane nombusi omusha, futhi kwaqhutshwa umkhosi omkhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uvule uhlu lwabesifazane abathweswe umqhele eRussia.
Izakhamizi zaseZlato - ezakhiwe zibunjiwe ePoni Hononing nentshisekelo yokushaqeka. Ama-muscovites awayithandanga le ntombazane - noma ngaphandle kwangaphandle noma umlingiswa. Futhi uMarina wayengafuni ukugqoka izingubo zasendaweni, evame ukugqokwa ezindlini zangasese zasePoland. Futhi, uthando olungenampilo ngengcebo nokunethezeka kwadliwa - i-tuscan Duse-Messenger yavuma ngezincwadi ezihlobisa izinwele zeNdlovukazi entsha, engakaze zibonakale.
Impilo yasebukhosini yaqala, yagcwaliswa ngamabhande akhanyayo - lokho intombazane ephupha ngayo futhi ephupha ngayo. Kodwa-ke, leli holide lagcina lingapheli. Ngemuva kwesonto, kwaqubuka umshuwalense omubi ngokubamba iqhaza kweStrellySov ngaphansi kobuholi bukaVasily Shurshisy, ehlomile aqanjwe ngumkhohlisi wezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe, abantu babegasele i-pogrom esigodlweni seTsarist. Umyeni wami wabulawa, futhi uMarina wakwazi ukugijima.
Lapho-ke, kuBaba, intombazane yayilinde isixhumanisi se-yaroslavl, ngemuva kwalokho abakhohlisi basePoland babuyela ekhaya nomhlaba. Kepha uMnichek akazange angene ezimpini zakhe zokuzalwa - amabutho ahlangatshezwa endleleni engaphansi kobuholi balowo owayengamanga, ebizwa ngokuthi iTushinsky Isela, eliphoqa ukuthi leli chibi limqaphele umyeni wakhe. Yize ingxenye yabaphenyi inethemba lokuthi uMarina wavuma ngokuzithandela kule ndima, athi, izifiso zathatha phezulu - intombazane noma yini ayefuna ukuyithola ubukhosi besihlalo sobukhosi saseRussia.
Ngo-1610, umfelokazi waphinde wafezeka. I-geography yohambo lukaMarina Mnishek yathinta u-Astrakhan noRyazan, bavakashela abalandeli bezingongolo nezindawo zokufunda. Omunye oshade naye kwakungu-Ataman Ivan Zaritsky. Intombazane yazala indodana, yabiza u-Ivan. Ngo-Who ungubani ubaba wale ndoda, u-Marina wathula, wamemezela ukuba anikela ngendlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia.
Lesi sikhono sasiphinde safakwa umqhele ngempumelelo. Ukuzulazula kwezigxobo endabeni yeRussia kwaphela ngo-1614 - Marina, kanye nendodana yakhe, bathumba ama-archers eMoscow eduze kwama-Urals. Ingane kwakufanele ichithwe, ngoba enhlokodolobha esevele ikhethe umfakisicelo woMbuso - uMikhail Romanova. Lo mqhudelani uvinjelwe kuphela, ngoba umfana ukushaya amagoli ngokusemthethweni uMarina Mnishek. Ingane eneminyaka emithathu ilinde ukubulawa komphakathi: U-Ivan Hang, ethatha izandla zikanina olele.
Ukushona
Ukufa kwesigxobo, ukuphupha isihlalo sobukhosi saseMoscow, enye yezimfihlakalo zomlando. Ngokusho kwemibhalo, uMarina Mnishek akazange ame emva kokulahleka kwendodana futhi "wafa ngenxa yokulangazelela."
Obunye ubufakazi buphikisana nokuthi lona wesifazane waminza noma walenga. Enye inketho ithi uMarina washonelwa ejele embhoshongweni oyindilinga weKolomna Kremlin.
Ukukhumbula
- Umbhoshongo ojikelezayo eKolomenskoye Kremlin ubizwa ngokuthi igama likaMnishek, libizwa ngokuthi - umbhoshongo weMarynnkin.
- 1604 - Umdwebo odume kakhulu kaMarina Mnishek waseVishnevetsky Castle.
Izincwadi
- Ngo-1825 - "I-Boris GodInov", u-Alexander Pushkin
- Ngo-2005 - "Marina Mnishek", Vyacheslav kozsov
- 2013 - "I-Queen of Smooty", Leonid Borodin
- 2017 - "Uthando Lwantathu Marina Mnishek. Ukukhanya emgodini, "elena raskin
- Ngo-1834 - Kuhunyushelwe olimini lwesiRussia Mnishek "- Umbhalo wesandla ongumbhali wawo ungowomuntu ovela ezigxotsheni ezilinganisiwe.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Ukudlala "I-Boris Godunov" kuqala kusethwe okokuqala enkundleni yemidlalo yaseMariinsky ngo-1870. UMnishek udlale u-Elena Struj.
- Umsebenzi wawuvikelwe kaningana. Umsebenzi womqondisi ogqamile kwakuyifilimu ehlungiwe nguBoris Nebieridze esekelwe kwi-Opera Musirgsky ngegama elifanayo ngo-1987. U-Irina Malysheva waphindukuzalwa kabusha kwiNdlovukazi yaseRussia yegazi lasePoland. Futhi ngo-2011, izisusa zenhlekelele ye-pushkin zathuthela kwifilimu Mirzoev, zakha ukuhunyushwa okunelukuluku lapho izenzo zenzeka khona namuhla. Umqondisi umemezeli endimeni kaMarina Mnishek Agnia Ditkovskite.
- Ngemuva kokushona kukaMcishki, kwazalwa inganekwane: Kusolwa ukuthi phambi kukaMarina wokufa wabeka isiqalekiso ku-Romanov Dynasty. Ngokusho kwesibikezeli sowesifazane, abamele lolu hlobo bazokufa ngokufa okunobudlova, ekugcineni ubukhosi buzonyamalala. Futhi, kubonakala sengathi, amagama abhekiswe osizini kamama ayefakwe ekuphileni - okungenani indaba yalobu bufakazi.
- Elinye inganekwane lithi lelo jele, okwakunguMbhoshongo weKolomna, uMarina Mnishek wasuka lapho evuka - waphenduka inyoni wakhipha iwindi. Unogada wayenqatshelwe ukubheka ubuso besigqila, okusolakala ukuthi, ngombono owodwa, lona wesifazane wathandana kalula futhi washisa ngentshiseko.
- EKremlin Kolomna, wayekholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo kaMarina futhi wahlala unomphela esakhiweni: Izivakashi zivame ukuzwa ukugqokwa kwesidalwa esingabonakali. Kepha abathandi baphendulela inganekwane ebhizinisini elihle - kukholwa ukuthi uma ubuza umoya wabafileyo ngosizo, kungekudala ngizoba nenhlanhla othandweni. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngalabo imizwa yakhe engafanele.