I-Biograge
UVera Panova - umnikazi wesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, izindawo esinethemba esibi. Owesifazane wafunda ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe uqobo, siyini ukucindezelwa okuqinile nokulahlekelwa othandekayo wakhe, futhi salengiswa emigwaqweni emibi yempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Mhlawumbe, ngakho-ke, umlobi weRostov wakwazile ukudala imisebenzi eyiqiniso, ebhoboza igcwele "abaphilayo", izinhlamvu zangempela ezinjalo.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Motherland yokholo Panova - rostov-on-don. Ubaba wayengowesiphithiphithi sabathengisi, kepha ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 awonakele futhi athola ukulandisa kwama-akhawunti eBhange lasekuqaleni. Lapho le ntombazane ineminyaka emihlanu ubudala, inhloko yomndeni yashona ngaphansi kwezimo ezingacacile, umama kwadingeka achithe umndeni yedwa. Umholo wesisebenzi sehhovisi (yize uthisha wabazali wabafundisi bomculo) wayengenele, wasindisa impesheni encane eyayikhokhelwa abafelokazi bebhange.
Ngenxa yezinkinga zezezimali, uVera wakwazi ukuqeda amakilasi ama-4 we-Gymnasium, kepha umaki wolwazi uthathe phezulu - le ntombazane ibike yanikela ngesayensi yesikole ngokuzimela, fundisa ulwandle lwezincwadi, futhi osemusha waqala ukubhala izinkondlo.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, uVera Panova wajoyina amazinga wabaphathi bamaphephandaba endawo nawesifunda. Ukuphendula kwakujabulisa ukuphrinta i-Fewons, ama-Essays kanye nezihloko zentatheli yokuqala, kuphawula amahlaya amancanyana kanye nokungaqondakali okuhle. Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wayefihlwe ngemuva kwama-pseudonyms v. strainelskaya kanye ne-vera weltman, izithelo zokuqala zezincekukazi emibuthanweni yezwe labantu bakwezwe.
Into yokufunda
Izindlela zikaRanova zavela ngokugcwala kwababhali. Ummeleli we-Provincial Press wake wahlangana uNikolai Pogodin, u-Alexander Fadeev, umgxeko weshashalazi uJosif Yuzovsky. Ngisho noVladimir Mayakovsky noSergey Yeboin bavakashele izwe lakubo. Ekugcineni, maphakathi nawo-30s, lapho efudukela eLeningrad, uVera Fedorovna ngokwakhe uqobo waqala ukuzama amabutho ezinganeka nasekuqandeni.
Emidlalweni yokuqala "i-Ilya Kosozor" futhi "e-Old Moscow", umlobi wabonisa isikhathi ngaphambi kwenguquko, imisebenzi yabonisa ingelosi, eyaqhubeka nokuphila kwayo okujwayelekile ngemuva kokugumbuqelwa kombuso wobukhosi. U-Ilya Kosozor ulethe umklomelo wokudlala emklomelweni wokuqala - ukunqoba komncintiswano wePiez wethiyetha yaseshashalazini ehlanganyelwe, futhi uMqondisi uYuri Zavadsky wethule umsebenzi "eMoscow endala".
Impi namaJalimane yathola ukholo kuPanov ngaphansi kweLeningrad, lapho owesifazane ahlala khona nendodakazi yakhe endala, izingane ezimbili nonina zihlala e-Ukraine. Umlobi akazange abe nesikhathi sokuphuma, kwadingeka ngizulazule ekukhanyeni, ngaphambi kokuthola umshado wami edolobhaneni lase-Ukraine laseShishaki. Uvakashele i-PSKOV, lapho-ke e-Estonia, lapho ahlala khona esinagogeni elichithekile, wabe esehamba ibanga elide ensimini ehlala endlini, lapho umama wakhe enezingane ezahlulelwa khona.
Idolobhana lase-Ukraine libuye lahlala emaJalimane, ngaphandle kwawo-1943, abahlaseli babuyela endlini, bashiya umndeni ngendlela eyodwa. Ukuhlolwa okunamandla nama-mitigarchs asungule isisekelo sokudlala "metelitsa" nendaba "ngempilo yami, izincwadi kanye nabafundi", ezazigcina e-biography yokudala yowesifazane. Kepha kwakuwukuhlupheka nokujwayelana nekusasa labantu elihlangane nalo ngendlela, kwethulwa imibono emisha yezincwadi.
Ngo-1943, uVera Fedororovna wathuthela ePerm, eyaqala ukwenziwa njengombhali ongathi sína, ngokuhambisana namaphephandaba nasemsakazweni. Ngemuva konyaka, ngo-1944, kusukela ngaphansi kwezimpaphe, kuphuma izindaba ezinhle "evdokia". Indaba yesiphetho sowesifazane owaphakamisa izingane zabanye abantu, isibukeli sabona ngo-1961 - ifilimu kaTatyana lioznova yadutshulwa kulo msebenzi.
Lapha, nge-PERM, ubuhlakani obuningi bazalelwa, babizwa ngokusemandleni emsebenzini wenoveli "Satellite". I-Fair Fedorovna emiyalweni yeBhodi Yesihleli yaqhubeka nohambo oluya ezweni esitimeleni esiyisisekelo sokuhlanzeka ukubhala incwajana ngomsebenzi wabasebenzi babasebenzi.
"Ama-Satellites" anegalari ekhanyayo futhi ehlukahlukene yezinhlamvu, amanoveli ngamanye axhumeke awonke aphelele. Umfundi kanye nezinhlamvu uqhutshwa izehlakalo ezedlule zempilo, amaphupho esikhathi esizayo futhi abhekene nalomzuzu wamanje. Umbhali wakwazi ukukhombisa amaqhawe kanye namaqiniso eqiniso elizungezile.
Ngemuva kwenoveli, eyaba umuzwa wezemibhalo, wabona ukukhanya, uPanova wajoyina amazinga e-Writers 'Union, naye owathola umklomelo wokuqala we-stalinist. Basho ukuthi uJoseph Vissarionich ufunda ngenhliziyo yonke umsebenzi futhi wadumisa. "Ama-satellites" nawo aphuma ngesitofu sefilimu - ngo-1965 Iskander Khamharbev asusa idrama yamasosha "isitimela sesihe".
Ngemuva konyaka, ngo-1947, uPanova waphinde waqala ukuba sesimweni sengxoxo ebhaliwe. "URusilich" abasebenzi base-Ural baphuma. Uma uqala ukubheka nje, umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokukhiqiza, ngaleso sikhathi nakaleso sikhathi futhi hhayi unyaka owodwa. Kodwa-ke, umbhali wakwazi ukugxila ezinhlangothini zokuziphatha zempilo yefektri. Abagxeki bahlukaniswe ngemingcele emibili, banikeze ukuhlolwa okuphikisanayo ukuze basebenze.
Lapho-ke ifa lokubhala likaFaderorovna lihlose le ndaba ka- "Seryozha" mayelana nezinsuku zabafana-basenkulisa, ezazithola uBaba, akunazihlobo. Umsebenzi othinta inhliziyo ubheka impilo yakho ngamehlo engane, uzwe okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, injabulo nezinkinga.
Umsebenzi wenziwe emlandweni weCinema Georgy Delialia no-Igor Talankin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo msebenzi usuphenduke umqondisi weDella. Ifilimu, lapho uSergey Bondarchuk abeke khona inkanyezi, u-Irina Skobseva kanye noBoria Velhatov, babopha umklomelo omkhulu emcimbini wefilimu, obanjwe eKarlovy Vary.
"USeryozha" wavula umjikelezo wobuciko bokholo Panova onikezelwe ezinganeni. Ngemuva komlobi kuvezwa abafundi, bese kubalaleli endabeni "umfana nentombazane", "Valya", "Volnya". EKUQALA LAPHA LOMLANDELA KWENZA UMBONO WOMUNTU NOKUXHUMANA NAMAHHALA.
Imisebenzi ye- "Valya" ne- "VolOnya" ehlanganiswe kwifilimu "Isingeniso" (1963) u-Igor Talankin. Umqondisi wabuthana kusethi yeNina ku-Surmant, uValery Nosta, uStanislav Chekane nezinye izinkanyezi zesikrini seSoviet. Izindima eziphambili zashukunyiswa yiNatalia Bogunova neBoris Tokarev. Lesi sithombe sitshela ngokuzula kwezingane eminyakeni yempi.
Ukuze ukukhiqizwa "umfana nentombazane" kwathatha ngo-1966, ukholo lukaJulius. Umqondisi obizwa kakhulu uNatalieuu Bogunov noNikolai Burllaev. Kodwa-ke, laba bantu badlale uthando lokuqala, noma kunjalo, ngeshwa, okwadala izinkinga ezinkulu - iqhawe laphonsa intombazane ekhulelwe.
Lapho kushona ilanga lokuphila, uVera Fedorovna waya kumagagasi omlando waseRussia. Izimpaphe zombhali zibhekise izehlakalo ezenzeka ngesikhathi saseRussia yasendulo ngesikhathi sesikhathi esinezinkinga. UPanova ubhala ngePrincess Olga, u-Ivan Grozny nezinye izibalo ezibuthene ngaphansi kwesembozo sikaTom "liki eZare".
Izinto zokuphakelayo azijwayelekile. Umlobi ubuhlungu, kube sengathi kungokwe-mosaic, wasonga isithombe ezivela ezintweni ezithile zezinsuku ezinde, ukuphoqa abafundi ukuthi baqhathanise abalingiswa phakathi kwezikhathi, bacabange ngendima yabantu ababhekele iziphathimandla isiphetho sesizwe.
Eminyakeni yamuva, owesifazane wadala imisebenzi yeMemoir. Iphuzu e-biography yokudala yokholo Panova lilethe indatshana ye-autobiographical "mayelana nempilo yami, izincwadi kanye nabafundi", ezabona ukukhanya ngemuva kokushona kombhali.
UVera Fedorovna akazange athole nje kuphela ukufunda nothando. Owesifazane unikezwe ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu: wanikezwa imiklomelo emithathu ye-stalin kanye nomyalo wesibhengezo esibomvu sabasebenzi. Izincwadi zomlobi weSoviet zihunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi zomhlaba.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukukholwa Panova kwashada kathathu. Umlingani wokuqala waba ngumbhali we-Arseny strainelsky, indodakazi kaNatalia yazalwa.
Indoda yesibili kaBoris Vakhtin nayo ingeyendawo yobuntatheli, yasebenza eRostov emaphephandabeni eGamot kanye neKomsomolskaya Pravda. Emshadweni kwakukhona amanye amadodana amabili, uBoris noYuri.
Ngo-1935, uVera Fedorovna kwadingeka adlule kule nhlekelele - umngane wakhe womshado waboshwa, wamangalela ekuhlanganyeleni enhlanganweni yeTrotskyist. Ukuwa eshushisweni, iPonov nezingane nomama wathuthela e-Ukraine.
Ngo-Boris Vasilyevich, lona wesifazane wabona kanye kuphela lapho esegula. Lo mhlangano, umlobi emthambekeni wonyaka oboniswe "ngosuku" lomdwebo "ogcwele izinhlungu zokubhoboza. Umlingani wehlulekile ukwenqaba izaba, le ndoda yadutshulwa ngo-1938.
Umyeni wesithathu wokholo Ferororovna waba nguDavid dar, umlobi ongekho emthethweni. Wasinda lapho umkakhe iminyaka eyisikhombisa.
UVera Panova wahlukaniswa intukuthelo enomusa nesabelayo, eyaboniswa emsebenzini kaSergey Dovlatov. Umlobi waduma ngepeni ebukhali nelibukhali, hhayi umuntu obambe umuntu. Emhlolweni wakhe kwakukhona indawo kaVera Fedorovna, owayehlala eduze. Owesifazane ukuphela kwe-heroine enhle emisebenzini yeDovlatov.
Ukushona
Ngo-1967, uVeranova we-vera wakhungatheka ngokuqinile ngokubamba iqhaza kwi-IV Congress of Soviet Brains. Ukushisa kwadlalwa ngukushisa - igceke lalisehlobo. UFaith Fedorovna washaya unhlangothi, ngemuva kwalokho akakaze akwazile ukululama ngokuphelele, kodwa waqhubeka nokusebenza kakhulu.
Umlobi wafa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo yango-1973. Isebenza ngaphansi kweSt. Petersburg, edolobheni laseKomarovo.
I-Bibliography
Amanoveli
- Ngo-1944 - "U-Evdokia (umndeni wasePirozhkov)"
- 1946 - "Ama-Satellites"
- Ngo-1947 - "isiyingi (abantu abalungile)"
- 1953 - "Izinkathi zonyaka. Kusuka kwiziKronike zedolobha lase-Enk
- 1958 - ""
Indaba
- 1955 - "USeryozha"
- Ngo-1964 - "Ukusebenza Ngokusebenza"
- Ngo-1964 - "Ekuseni kakhulu"
Indaba
- 1959 - "Valya"
- 1959 - "Voloda"
- 1962 - "Umfana nentombazane."
- Ngo-1965 - "odade"
- 1973 - "USergey Ivanovich noTanya"
Indikino
- Ngo-1966 - "Lapho kusa. Izindaba zomlando »
- 1952 - "Ama-ProSaika aphawula"
- 1971 - "Ezitolo Zememori"
- 1973 - "" Ami kanye kuphela. Ngempilo Yami, Izincwadi Nabafundi "