I-Biograge
Iminyaka emibi yempi yezwe nobuNazi yathinta cishe yonke imindeni eRussia. Isihluku esasabekayo sabamangali saphumela enhlanganweni yamakamu okuhlushwa, amakamu okufa. Enye yalezi zindawo iqoqo. Kepha abathunjwa beSoviet bakwazile ukukhulisa uMvukeli babhubhise indawo yokufa kwezinkulungwane zeziboshwa. Isikhathi eside, i-feat yeqhawe yasala emthunzini. Eminyakeni yeminyaka edlule kuphela, i-biography ka-Alexander Pechersky yaziwa.Ubuntwana nentsha
NgoFebhuwari 22, 1909, uSasha Pechersky wazalelwa edolobheni lase-Ukraine laseKremenuG - umfana olungiselelwe isiphetho sokuba yiqhawe nophawu lokuphikiswa kwamaJuda.
Uyise womfana wasebenza njengommeli, wayenezimpande zamaJuda. Ngo-1915, umndeni usuka eRostov-on-don, u-Alexander uzobhekwa njengezihlobo. Lapha umfana uphela imfundo ephakathi nendawo kanye nezikole zomculo.
Ngemuva kwesikole, le nsizwa yathola ugesi esitshalweni sokulungisa isikhashana, yathola nemfundo ephakeme, ngemuva kokuphothula eRoostov State University.
I-Pechersk, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yahlala umuntu wokudala. Esikhathini sokuthula, wahola umsebenzi we-archist amateur - umbuthano omangalisayo.
Umbutho wezempi
Ngaphambili, u-Alexander Pechersky washaya izinsuku zokuqala zempi. NgoSeptemba 1941, isosha laseSoviet lathola isihloko sikaLieutenant futhi saqhubeka nokulwa njengengxenye yenhlangano yobuciko be-19 Army of the Soviet Union.
Ngo-Okthoba 1941, amaLieutenant, phakathi kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabalwa, ayezungezwe yi-vyazma. Ukwehlulwa okuyinhlekelele kokusebenza okuvikelayo kwebutho elibomvu kwaholela ekufeni kwamasosha ase-Soviet asesigidini, futhi angalindele ukusekelwa.
U-Alexander nozakwabo, ngaphandle kokuphonsa umphathi olimele kakhulu, wazama ukuhlukana nemvelo yobuFascist. Kepha ama-cartridge aphela njengamabutho azomelana. Ekugcineni, ngoba impi yePechersk yaphela ngokulimala nokudingiswa.
Ekupheleni kwalesi sifo nge-typhoid nobunzima bokubuyisa, ngo-1942, kanye namanani amane, i-fighter izama ukubalekela i-fighter. Ngokungalaleli okunjalo, iSoviet Buntar yathumela esijewulo sikaBelorussia. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-Pechersky iwela ekamu elisebenza ngeMinsk le-SS.
Ukuvela kwabathunjiwe akuzange kunikeze izimpande zamaJuda. Kodwa-ke, iMinsk ivulwe ngempela. Ngokwemininingwane efanayo - ngokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ngokusho kwabanye, ngokuya ngamahlelo wabasuki - anti-Semites. Enye indlela, i-Pechersk ilolwa emhlanganweni obizwa ngokuthi "ama-Jeyerish Cellar" - engaphansi ngaphandle kwemithombo ekhanyayo.
Kwathi ngoSepthemba 18, u-Alexander, kanye namanye amaJuda, wathumela ekamu elidumile lokubhujiswa - iSobibor, indawo, lapho kungekho owabuya khona.
Ukuvukela eSobibor
I-Sobibor ingeyamakamu okufa. Ngokungafani nabanye, kwakhiwa kuphela ngenhloso eyodwa - ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kubhubhise kakhulu amaJuda. Iziboshwa zeza lapha isixuku, futhi ngehora lokuqala libuthakathaka baye egumbini likaphethiloli. Labo abahlekisayo, baphila isikhashana. Babesetshenziswa njengomsebenzi, kepha akekho noyedwa ozokondla.
I-Pechersky yangena eqoqweni futhi yabona ngokushesha ukuthi le ndawo ithikithi lendlela eyodwa. Okunye ukuphuma, ngaphandle kokufa, akukhonjwa lapha. Ngemuva kwalokho wanquma ukuzama ukugijima. Ukuphunyuka okujwayelekile kuphela ngeke kuholele kunoma yini. Imizamo isivele yazinikela kuye. Kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukuvukela iziboshwa ezenziwa ndawonye futhi kubhujiswe njengabadali abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Leli yithuba kuphela lokusindisa. Kunoma ikuphi, ukufa namanje akunakugwemeka, makube kufanelekile.
Ngesikhathi senhlangano yokuvuselwa, i-Pechersky yachitha amasonto amathathu ekamu. Kepha wancenga iningi leziboshwa. Imihlangano yokuthunga yayikhona ekamu, lapho amayunifomu enziwa khona izikhulu zamaNazi. Kwanqunywa ukuthi kunxenxa izithembiso zezithembiso zamayunifomu amahle abizayo afike neqembu elilandelayo leziboshwa, futhi afunge abaphikisi, ngenye indlela, izikhali ezibaziweyo.
Ngo-Okthoba 14, 1943, abathunjwa baqala ukusebenzisa uhlelo. Esigabeni sokuqala, kungenzeka ukuthi kubhubhise amaNazi ayi-11 kanye nonogada base-Ukraine abasize amaFascist. Ukuthengisa izikhali, iziboshwa zaphuthunyiswa ngokoqobo ukuze zithambekele enkululekweni efiselekayo, ngokubeka umgwaqo oya kubalingani.
Sekukonke kwakukhona iziboshwa ezingama-550 ekamu. Abantu abayi-130 babebuthakathaka kakhulu noma bethukile futhi benqabile ukubamba iqhaza ekuphunyukeni. Ngosuku olulandelayo babhujiswa. Ngesikhathi sokuvukela, abantu abangama-80 babulawa, kwathi abanye abangama-170 bathola futhi babulawa ngesihluku emahlathini nasezifundeni.
Ingxenye yalabo abasindile u-Alexander Pechersky aholele eBelorussia, lapho ajoyina khona ukungcola kwamahlazo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngasekupheleni kwempi baphila iziboshwa zangaphambili ezingama-53 ezisindiswe yiSashko Pechersk.
AmaNazi, ahluleka ukusinda amahloni, abale ethekwini ngomhlabathi futhi aphule ikamu lensimu. Izithombe ezindala ezindala kuphela zikhunjuzwa ngobukhona bendawo yokufa kwezinkulungwane zeziboshwa.
Umhleli wokuvukela ngokwawo uhlale ngaphambili kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi. Ekuqaleni, njengesiboshwa sempi safika esiteshini. Futhi-ke walimala, wachitha izinyanga ezine esibhedlela futhi wakhubazeka.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa esibhedlela samasosha, iqhawe lahlangana nomkakhe wesikhathi esizayo ka-Olga Côte. Ngemuva kwempi, lo mbhangqwana osemusha wabuyela kumdabu waya e-Alexander Rostov-on-Don, lapho achitha khona impilo yakhe yonke. Abasolwa abazelwe yindodakazi kuphela, futhi kamuva umzukulu wavela.
Into kaPechersky yathula ezweni lakubo. Ngo-1987, ifilimu "yokuphunyuka e-sobbor" yafika ezikrinini zomhlaba. Indima yomhleli we-Upring yenziwa nge-Rutger Hauer. Lesi sithombe saba yi-blockbuster, futhi i-hauer yathola "imbulunga yegolide" ngeqhaza leSashko Pechersk. Njengesakhamuzi saseSoviet salesosikhathi, iqhawe lempi endaweni yefilimu eliphesheya alikhishwa. I-Pechersk ibhekisela amaqhawe akwamukele amaqhawe kwa-Israyeli, isikhumbuzo esiya eSasko sifakiwe lapho.
ERussia, incwadi encane yezinkumbulo zeqhawe lempi "impumelelo yokungafi" yashicilelwa. Maphakathi nalezi zinkulungwane ezimbili, kwahlelwa i-Alexander Pechersky Foundation. I-Konstantin Khabensky, Ukuhlukunyezwa Njengomqondisi, Kususwe Ifilimu "Sobibor" Mayelana Nomkhosi Omkhulu Nesibindi, Ebeze Ukuqasha ngoMeyi 2018.
Ukushona
U-Alexander Pechersky akazange abe ngo-1990. Kukhiywe iminyaka engama-80, u-Alexander Aronovich washiya impilo yakhe ezweni lakubo e-Don. Ungcwatshwe nasemathuneni asenyakatho.
Sekuvele ngemuva kokufa kwesiboshwa esinesibindi saseSobpu, ngo-2007, kwavela i-plaque yesikhumbuzo endlini ayihlala kuyo. Ngo-2015, ukuhlonipha i-Pechersk, saqanjwa umgwaqo wedolobhana. Ekugcineni, ngo-2016, umzukulu weqhawe etholwe ezandleni zikaMongameli wahlonipha eminyakeni eminingi edlule ekamu lokufa lokuhleleka kwesibindi.
Imemori nemiklomelo
- 1951 - Medali "Ngokufanele Ukulwa"
- Indondo "yokunqoba ngeJalimane Empini enkulu yokuthanda izwe ngo-1941-1945."
- 2013 - "Ukuhleleka kokufanele eRiphabhulikhi yasePoland"
- 2016 - "Ukuhleleka kwesibindi"
- Ngo-2007 - Kufakwe I-Plaque Yesikhumbuzo Endlini Ka-Alexander Pechersky
- 2012 - Isikhumbuzo ku-Alexander Pechersky eTel Aviv
- 2014 - Ukuvulwa kwe-Star Star ku-Star Prospect Rostov-on-Don »
- 2015 - Ukuhlonipha u-Alexander Pechersk, ogama lakhe linguRostov-on-Don
- 2016 - Ukuhlonipha u-Alexander Pechersky ogama lakhe linguKremchun
- 2018 - Ukuhlonipha u-Alexander Pechersky ogama lakhe lingu-Street eMoscow