I-Biograge
"Leli hlobo ladlula, kube sengathi akwenzekanga.Kumpristi efudumele. Lokhu kuphela okuncane ... "Bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo ukuthi uSofia Rotaru e-Hit yakhe edumile eshaye izinkondlo ze-Arseny Tarkovsky. Indodakazi yembongi iyaqiniseka ukuthi ukube ubaba waKhe ebhale izinkondlo ezimbalwa mayelana nama-stalin namaqembu, amaqoqo akhe ngabe aphumile phambilini. Kepha, i-aristocrat emoyeni, akazange akhonze njengohlelo futhi athola iminyaka engama-55 kuphela.
Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Arseny Tarkovsky wazalwa ngoJuni 25, 1907 e-Elisavetgrad (manje - idolobha laseKropyvnytskyi, e-Ukraine). UMama Maria Danilovna wayengumRomania, wasebenza njengothisha. Ubaba u-Alexander Karlovich wakhonza ebhange lomphakathi. Enhlanganweni yenkundla ye-mug yabantu, kwathunyelwa owesilisa e-East Siberia iminyaka emihlanu, lapho aqala khona ukwenza ubuntatheli. Phezu lokubuya, wabhala amaphephandaba endawo ne-Odessa.
U-Arsany wayene-evary umfowethu ongumdala, ngo-1919 wafela empini ngokumelene no-Ataman Grigoreiv. Izinkondlo zazisondelene nomfana kusukela ebuntwaneni: UYise, bavakashela kusihlwa sokudala kuka-Igor Northergy, uKonstantin Balmont nabanye abalobi bekhulu lesiliva. Ngo-1925, ngemuva kokuphela kwesikole seminyaka eyisikhombisa, u-Arseny waya eMoscow wangena ezifundweni zemibhalo eziphakeme kakhulu, ezaziphothula ngo-1929.
Into yokufunda
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1920s, uTarkovsky ubhala izindatshana zephephandaba "ubuhlalu" kanye nenkondlo Feuillems egazini "olightliceleni". Ngo-1933, uqala ukwenza imisebenzi yokuhumusha, ngonyaka izinguqulo zokuqala zokuhumusha ezishicilelwe.
Ngo-1940, emhlanganweni we-Persimium weNyunyana yababhali baseSoviet, uMark Tarlovsky ahlongozwa ukuthi afake iTarkovsky enyunyana ekuhumusheni kwezinguqulo zeKyrgyz nenkondlo yaseTurkmen, izingoma ze-Georgian Folk. Isinqumo senziwe sabahle.
Ukuqala kwempi kwathatha ubuciko eMoscow: Wathumela umkakhe wokuqala nezingane ukuba zibalekele esifundeni sase-Ivanovo, okwesibili - ukuya edolobheni laseChistopol. Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba 1941, yena ngokwakhe uzoya eTatarstan, lapho adala khona umjikelezo wezinkondlo "Chistopol Notebook". Ngokufana, ubhala kumongameli wenyunyana yababhali besicelo sokuthatha ngaphambili. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1942 ufakwa eposini lephephandaba le-Writer Army "Combat Alarm".
Imbongi ibambe iqhaza kaninginingi kwizibambiso, ikwazile ukubhala izinkondlo ezithinta i-feat yebutho laseSoviet, kanye ne-baszy, evusa amaNazi. Amasosha asika izinkondlo emaphephandabeni futhi agqoke ephaketheni lesifuba kanye nemibhalo nezithombe zabathandekayo - bathokozelwa kakhulu eminyakeni enzima. Ngo-1943, walinyazwa emlenzeni wakhe, ngenxa yeGangrenes yegesi wasinda ekunqumekeni kwakhe.
Iqoqo lokuqala leTarkovsky alizange lishicilelwe: Wenqabile ukufaka izinkondlo zezepolitiki kulo. Incwadi yokuqala "Ngaphambi kweqhwa" iphuma ngo-1962 kuphela, ezimbili - ngo-1966 nango-1969. UTarkovsky waqala ukumema ngokwenza okuthandwa kusihlwa kwezinkondlo. Ngo-1978, indlu yokushicilela yaseGeorgia "iMerani" yadedelwa enye incwadi ethi "Izintaba Zomlingo", lapho, ngaphezu kwezimbotshana zangempela, abafundi banikezwa ukudluliselwa kwezimbongi zaseGeorgia zikaPeter Tarkovsky.
Incwadi "izinkanyezi ngenhla kwe-Aragatz" yaba ukushicilelwa kokugcina kokuphila. Kukhishwe amaqoqo ayi-12 amavesi eTarkovsky kanye nevolumu emithathu eqoqiwe. Umsebenzi we-arseny uthatha uhlobo lwendawo enkonxweni yaseRussia. Ukwazile ukudlulisa kumfundi lapho ebhekene nobushiqela wobushiqela wobushiqela oqinile wesiko leminyaka yesiliva, ubanikeze umthunzi oyedwa wanamuhla.
NgoMashi 1982, indodana ka-Andrei yaya e-Italy ukudubula ifilimu "nostalgia". Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, engqungqutheleni yabezindaba eMilan, waveza ukuthi akazange ahlele ukubuyela e-USSR. I-Tarkovsky-Senider yamukela isikhundla sayo somphakathi, kodwa ezincwadini umbono wavezwa ukuthi "umdwebi waseRussia kufanele aphile futhi asebenze ezweni lakubo."
Ukufa kweNdodana ngo-1986 kwaba ukushaya ngamandla e-Aleksandrovich's Arseny. Isimo sakhe sempilo yakhe kusukela ngesikhathi saqala ukuwohloka kakhulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lokuqala lobusha lwembongi lubheka uMaria Gustavovna Falz - nguyena owanikelwa enkondlweni "Usuku lokuqala." Owesifazane ungumfelokazi wephoyisa, wayehlala e-Elisavetgrad, wayemdala kakhulu eTarkovsky. UMaria Gustavovna wayengumnyuziyamu we-arsion, wabhala izinkondlo empilweni yakhe yonke. Kepha ubudlelwane obungathi sína nama-falts akwazanga ukuphuma.
I-biography ye-Arseny Tarkovsky inomshado amathathu asemthethweni. Ngesikhathi okokuqala washada ngo-1928 ekilasini likaMaria Ivanovna Vishnyakova. Emshadweni izingane ezimbili zizalwa - u-Andreri noMarina. Indodana ka-Arseny izoba ngumqondisi omkhulu wefilimu nombhali wesikrini, indodakazi - ukubhala.
Ngo-1937, ubaba wezingane ezimbili ushiya umndeni waya emndenini u-Antonine Aleksandrovna Bochon. Isehlukaniso ngokusemthethweni nomshado omusha wabhaliswa kuphela ngo-1940. Abezingcweti zezinto eziphilayo zomshado wokuqala babona imbangela yebhanali: izingane. Bafuna isikhathi, ukunakwa, ukunakekelwa. Imbongi yobuciko obudingekayo uthando, ukuthula nokuthula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indodana u-Andrei yakhumbula ukuthi umama wayengu "NIMPYIST empilweni yansuku zonke": Azikho amakhethini emafasiteleni asendlini. Owesifazane wayeyimpilo ebaluleke kakhulu ngokomoya. Ngokusobala, iTarkovsky-Senior yafuna umoya wokuzola nomoya.
Unkosikazi wesibili weTarkovsky ngomqondo wangempela wegama ukweleta impilo. Kwakumsusa kusukela ngaphambili kuya enhlokodolobha futhi kwathola umlenze olimele emlenzeni olimele uProfesa Vishnevsky. Kwakungekho zingane ezijwayelekile emshadweni, indodakazi ka-Antonina ongubaba ka-Antonina wayengamthandi. Abangani baka-Arseniy khumbula ukuthi iBochonov yayinomusa, yinhle futhi ithambile. Futhi iTarkovsky yayidinga owesifazane onamandla ongathumela umphefumulo wokudala ukuze asebenze.
Ngo-1947, imbongi ishiya u-Antonina, kodwa isehlukaniso simemezela ngo-December 250 kuphela. NgoJanuwari 26, 1951, uyaphinde ashade noTatiana Alekseevna Ozerskaya. Owesifazane, ngokwezindinganiso zeSoviet, wayengumuntu evikelekile, wathola ukuhunyushwa kwamanoveli adumile esiNgisini. Isibonelo, inguqulo yakhe yomoya ogqokile "uMargaret Mitchell waba nempumelelo enkulu.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi akaphuthumi ngesehlukaniso nowesifazane oyedwa ngaphambili ngeke esakha ubuhlobo obusha. Wayebonakala eshiya ithemba kubo bobabili: Kokunye okubuyile, ngomunye, bekuzofika ini.
Ukushona
Iminyaka yokugcina yeLife Tarkovsky yayivame ukuba sendlini yamaVeterans of Cinema. NgoNovemba 1988, isimo sakhe sawohloka kakhulu, futhi imbongi yayinqunyelwe ukwelashwa esibhedlela samaphakathi nemitholampilo. U-Arseny Alexandrovich washona ngoMeyi 27, 1989, imbangela yokufa ingukuguga.
Babe bevalelisa eTarkovsky eHholo Elikhulu leNdlu Ephakathi Labalobi, bangcwatshwa emathuneni ePeredelkino. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokushona kuka-Arseny Tarkovsky kwanikeza umklomelo wombuso we-USSR.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1962 - "Ngaphambi kweqhwa"
- Ngo-1966 - "Umhlaba - Umhlaba"
- Ngo-1969 - "vestnik"
- 1974 - "Inkondlo"
- 1978 - "Izintaba Zomlingo"
- 1980 - "Usuku Lwasebusika"
- 1982 - "Izintandokazi"
- 1983 - "Izinkondlo zeminyaka ehlukene"
- Ngo-1987 - "kusukela kwintsha kuya endala"
- 1987 - "Ukuba nguwe"
- 1988 - "Izinkanyezi ngaphezulu kwe-Aragatz"
- 1993 - "Ukukhanya Okubusisiwe"