I-Biograge
IVitus Ionassen Bering ingenye yama-discovers, impilo yakhe eye yaba uphawu lwesibindi nokuzinikela. Kusukela eminyakeni emisha yesihambi kwahlaba umxhwele into yamanzi. Ngenxa yokomela ulwazi nekhono labesilisa, uhambo lokuqala lwasemanzini kwenzeka, oluletha isihloko esithi "Crodle of Cartography" esimweni saseRussia.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-biography kaMarithener omkhulu yaqala edolobheni lamahhashi, asuselwa kubunzima beNkosazana. Umfana wazalwa ngo-Agasti 2 (ngokwesitayela esidala - Agasti 12) 1861. UVitus waba yicala lesithathu emndenini we-aristocrat olonakalisiwe ka-Ana Pederduater Bering kanye nabasebenzi bamasiko bakwa-Ionas Svendsen.
Negama, negama lomfana litholwe kumama. Naphezu kwesimo esinzima sezimali somndeni, i-pedigree anna pederduitter ingadlala inkonzo enhle ye-vitus ngokuzayo.
Leli gama elingajwayelekile lalinkokhiso ekukhumbuleni kukaMfoweth 'kamama osekupheleni, owaduma ngenkani enkantolo yasebukhosini. Ukuhlangana okuphelele kwegama kwakuyisizathu sokuthi kungani abantu bephila behamba nama-athikili nge-navigator ngezithombe ezingalungile, amadilidi omndeni owodwa.
Abazali banamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekwakhekeni kwezingane, ngakho-ke vitus uke wazi kahle idiploma nesipelingi. Umfana wahambela lesi sikole, esasikhona emgwaqweni ofanayo, lapho kwakukhona khona indlu yabazali. Naphezu kwelukuluku, ingane ngethuba lokuqala yaqala izifundo ukuba ziye echwebeni. IVitus ichithe isikhathi esiningi sezingxoxo namatilosi atshela ama-Bering mayelana nokufika kolwandle okujabulisayo.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-14, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, uVitus waqopha umatilosi emkhunjini wamaDashi. Umhambi osemusha wahambela iziqhingi zaseCaribbean futhi wachitha isikhathi esiningi e-Ost-India. Lapho ebona ukuthi abukho ulwazi olwanele lokwakha umsebenzi, uVitus waya ogwini e-Amsterdam, lapho angena khona kalula olwandle amaCodet Corps.
Ukutholwa
Ukuqedwa kokutadisha kwe-bering kuhambisane nentshisekelo kaPetru yokuqala ekwakhiweni kobuciko basolwandle. Ama-ejenti, omsebenzi wawo angena ekuqasheni kochwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe, ngokushesha adonsela ukunaka kweVitus, okwakubukeka kahle umlingiswa nokuvezwa okuvuselelayo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka olwandle.
Ngo-1704, uBering wathuthela eRussia, lapho athuthela khona ngokushesha ngentambo yomsebenzi. Kepha ngemuva kwenkonzo yeminyaka engama-20 ebhalwe yizimpawu nemiklomelo emihle kuphela, i-navigator yashiya phansi. Izazi-mlando zithi imbangela yesenzo ukuziqhenya kwalo. Le ndoda ayitholanga isihloko sekaputeni yesikhundla sokuqala, lapho amatilosi afisa ukuwaphupha khona.
Ukutholwa kwendawo okwakhazinyuliswa isibongo sikaVitus esikhazinyulisiwe, kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqala kweKamchatka. Ngo-1724, ngokuhleleka kukaPeter imikhumbi yokuqala yaseRussia yaqhubeka nocwaningo lwamazwe amasha. Ukuphela kochwepheshe ozobhekana nomsebenzi onzima kangaka waphenduka wamangala.
Iminyaka emihlanu, indoda ihlolwe futhi yalungisa amabhange e-Chukotka neKamchatka ebalazweni. Ukufaneleka kwe-bering kufaka phakathi ukuphikiswa kokuqagela iMelika exhunyiwe e-Asia, futhi iKamchatka ihlukaniswe neJapan. Maye, imiphumela ehlaba umxhwele yokuxoshwa ayitholanga ukunakwa okufanele ku-Admiralty.
Iziphathimandla zanquma ukuthi u-Bering akazange athethelele amathemba futhi afeza kabi imiyalo yenkosi. Konke ukubaluleka kokutholwa kweVitus kuqinisekisile ukupheka kukaJames Cook, owajwayelana ne-Maternity Carriers ngo-1778. Umsebenzi ohlaba umxhwele umxhwele we-Englishman obizwa ngokuthi yi-strait phakathi kwe-eundasia neMelika ukuhlonipha i-navigator, eyayingazi mathupha.
Ukuxoshwa kwesibili kweKamchatka sekuhlangene kulokhu kusebenza kukaVitus uqobo, ngokweqiniso ngesidingo sokufunda iSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude kanye noGog of the Northern Seas. Okwamanje i-geography yesifundo nemisebenzi ebekwe phambi kwemikhumbi yayinde kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uBering wanquma ukuya kuloluhambo emikhunjini emibili.
Umyalo wesikhumulo sesibili waphathiswa ku-Alexey Chirikov. Le ndoda yenze imisebenzi yomsizi kakaputeni ekuhambeni kweKamchatka yokuqala futhi yathola ukuzethemba okungenamkhawulo kokufuya. Amacebo wabacwaningi kwakufanele afunde iSiberia, afike eKamchatka futhi azulazule ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika ukuze azijwayeze ngokuningiliziwe ngotshani odluliselwe phansi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesibili kweKamchatka, uVitus Bering wahambisana nonkosikazi nezingane. Emuva ngo-1713, i-navigator yaphetha umshado nendodakazi yomthengisi waseVyborg - u-Anna Christian Pulese.
Ekuqaleni, umlingani osemncane oshade naye wakhulula othandekayo othandekayo ekuhambeni kolwandle. Owesifazane ngokwakhe wayehlanganyela emnothweni futhi wakhulisa izingane.
Eminyakeni yokuqala engu-18 yomshado, kwazalwa izingane ezine, kwathi abane kuphela basinda lapho: uJonas, uThomas, u-Anton no-Anna Helga.
Ngesikhathi sendodakazi yakhe, u-Anna Christine wayekhathele ukungabi khona komyeni wakhe. Ukushiya uJonas noThomas ovuthiwe ekunakekelweni kwezihlobo ezivela eVyborg, lona wesifazane wabutha isiliva, eChina futhi, wabamba u-Anton no-Ana, wahamba nohambo nomyeni wakhe.
Ukushona
Lapho esuka e-Avachin Bay ebheke eNyakatho Melika, umkhumbi "uSanta Peter", owahola u-Bering, walahleka oLwandle Oluvulekile. Isimo sezulu esibi asizange sivumele ukuthola indawo yomkhumbi, futhi i-qing ye-buffeling yaqala ukucekela phansi iqembu lesitsha.
Enye yokuzalwa kokuzalwa okungathandeki. Ngisho nokuzwa ubuthakathaka, umcwaningi akazange ashiye ukuphathwa komkhumbi. Intambo engalindelekile yomhlaba ombozwe yiqhwa emthonjeni uye waba nethemba lokusindiswa.
Kepha ngoDisemba 8, 1741, ngenyanga ngemuva kokusuka ogwini, uVitus Bering ekugcineni waphela amandla washona washonelwa e-dugout. Le ndoda yangcwatshwa esiqhingini esingachazwanga, okuzayo okushiwo emaphepheni njengesiqhingi se-bering.
Ngo-1991, iqembu elikhethekile lemivubukulo lathola izinsalela zeVitus. Isifundo esinemininingwane esenze ukuthi sikwazi ukuphetha ngokuthi isifo esingaziwa sabangelwa ukufa kwesihambi, hhayi njengezimpawu eziseZing.
Ngokusho kuka-Olga Sotnikova, uPravoda Matrosoi Satnikov, owayehamba ngaphansi komyalo we-Bering, umhambi omkhulu wabulawa ngababili abangaphansi. Ngenxa yokwahlukana kwemizwa, okwabangela ithimba elithile elinamasu, ithimba elithi "ISt Peter" lalisesiqhingini esingavinjelwe, lapho ayengakwazi ukuthola khona ukudla nendawo yokuhlala.
Amatilosi athukuthele angcwaba umphathi wawo emhlabathini. Kepha ukuhlaziya kwamathambo atholayo akuqinisekisi umbono. Ngo-1992, izinsalela ze-navigator nabasolwandle abangaziwa babuyiselwa ezweni abasendaweni ye-Commander Bay.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-1818, iKamchatka (noma iBobrovaya) ulwandle lwaqala ukubhekiswa ku-Bering.
- Ngo-1937, i-geograph khulken yaphakamisa ukubizwa kwe-beringia, okubandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwe-beringia, i-bering kanye ne-chukchi Sea, ingxenye yeKamchatka nengxenye ye-Alaska.
- Ngo-1945, isikhumbuzo esiya e-navigator eyasungulwa ePetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, esungula lo muzi.
- Ngo-1957, eLwandle olwandle lwaseBering Sea Bay ukuhlonipha umhambi, idolobhana elithi "Beringovsky" laqanjwa igama. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi "amalahle".
- Ngo-1970, isithombe esibhalwe phansi somqondisi uYuri Schozero "ballad on Bering nabangane bakhe" bashicilelwe kwizikrini.
- Ngo-2006, iKamchatka State base Pedagogical Institute ngemiyalo kaNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo yaqanjwa kabusha kabusha nge-CAMBA ebizwa ngegama elithi ngemuva kweVitus Bering.
- Ngo-2016, ukuhlonipha usuku lokunyakaza kwama-275 lokuvulwa kwe-Commander Islands, kwasungulwa isithombe sethusi sethusi sethusi. Isikhumbuzo sisendaweni ye-Bering Island (iNikolskaya Village).