I-Biograge
Ukukhanya kwezimbali, ukulula kobuchwepheshe, ukuvezwa - izithombe zomculi waseFrance uHenri Matisse athinte imvelaphi. Umholi we-Fovisma wazama inqwaba yezinkomba kubuciko obubonayo ngaphambi kokuthola isitayela sakhe, abonakala ngesimo "sasendle".Ubuntwana nentsha
Izwe lomculi omkhulu yidolobha laseNorth Cato-Cambrey eFrance. Lapha ngo-1869, izibulo, uHenri Emili Enil Benua Matiss wazalwa emndenini womthengisi ophumelelayo okusanhlamvu. Isiphetho sale ngane sabikezelwa - ngaleso sikhathi indlalifa yokuqala emkhayeni yaphoqeleka ukuba ithathwe emsebenzini kaYise. Kepha, ngokusobala, umfana wathola ifa lezizukulwane zikamama ezithanda isikhathi samahhala sokupenda ubuciko be-ceramic.
UHenri walungiselela ikusasa kahle, wafunda esikoleni, ke nge-lyceum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sigameko, okuphambene nentando yekhanda lomndeni, waya eParis ukuyoqonda isayensi yezomthetho. Ngediploma, kude nezobuciko, ibuyele ekhaya, lapho asebenze khona izinyanga ezimbalwa noMabhalane.
Umsebenzi uxazulula lesi sifo. I-biography yokudala yalowo mculi onesiphiwo yaqala ngo-1889, lapho uHenri Matisse wawa ngaphansi kommese kadokotela ohlinzayo nge-appendicitis.
Ibuyiselwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa izinyanga ezimbili. Ukuze iNdodana ingaphuthelwa, umama waletha izesekeli esibhedlela ukuze azodonsela, futhi umatisse waqala ngokuzithoba amakhadi okuposa umbala. Ngalesi sikhathi, le nsizwa yagcina yaqonda lokho afuna ukunikela ngokuphila.
Ukupenda
Iphupho lokuba ngumfundi we-Metropolitan School of Eleolight Arts asizange zinikezwe. Ukufika kukaHenri kwehlulekile, ngakho-ke kwadingeka ngahlala emaqenjini ezinye izikhungo zemfundo, lapho ngajwayelana khona nopende we-AZA. Futhi nokho ngo-1895, "inqaba" yanikela - kanye nomculi odumile wesikhathi esizayo u-Albert Martis Matisse wangena umculi wezobuciko, eMoro Gustas Workshop.
Ngobubanzi bezintshisekelo ekuqaleni kobuciko, ubuciko besimanje bufakiwe, uHenri Matisse wayenelukuluku lokuqondisa amaJapane. Isilumkiso ebuchosheni be-kostya moro bathumele abafundi ukuthi bafundele "ukudlala umbala" eLouvre, lapho uHenri azama ukulingisa imidwebo yakudala, ekopisha imidwebo. I-Master ifundiswe "iphupho lombala", okuvela kuma-matisse womculi, kwakukhona uthando lokuthola izithunzi ezifanele ukudlulisa imizwa.
Emsebenzini wokuqala, ingxube yezimfundiso ze-moro ezinezinto ezibolekwe ezivela kumakhosi aqashelwe ebhulashi asevele ebonisile. Isibonelo, namanje impilo "I-Schidama ibhodlela" ihlukaniswa ngokuqwayimula: ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibala emnyama inikeza ukulingiswa kwama-chearden, kanye nemivimbo ebanzi nengxubevange ye-stril - mana. Kamuva, uHenri wabona:
"Ngiyabona uhlangothi oluzwakalayo lombala ngentokozo. Ngokudlula kwezwe lasekwindla, ngeke ngikhumbule ukuthi imiphi imibala elungele isikhathi sonyaka, ngizongikhuthaza imizwa yekwindla ... Ngikhetha umbala hhayi ngomqondo wesayensi, kodwa ngokuzwa, ukubonwa kanye nesipiliyoni. "Ukutadisha ama-classics ngokushesha kugqugquzele umculi, futhi waphendukela kwabacindezelwa, ikakhulukazi, wakhothamela eVincent Winsen Canvas. Van Gogh. Umbala emisebenzini yokuqala usefiphele, kepha kancane kancane uthole ujusi, ubungqabavu baqala ukuguqulwa babe yisitayela saso esiyingqayizivele. Kakade ngo-1896, indalo yokuqala yomdwebi wesiqalo yaqala ukuvela ku-art salon.
Umbukiso wokuqala wangasese akazange akhiqize i-fartur emibuthanweni yama-account connoisseurs. UHenri Matisse wanquma ukushiya inhloko-dolobha yaseFrance enyakatho, lapho azama khona amandla embuyweni yama-Point Smile. Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi wobuciko wokuqala - "okunethezeka, ukuthula nentokozo" kwaphuma ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zakhe. Kepha le ndoda ayitholanga le ndlela yencwadi "yendabuko."
Ukuguqulwa komculi kwafika ngo-1905. UMatisse, kanye neqembu labantu abanomqondo ofanayo, wadala isitayela esisha ekupekeni, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Fovism. Amandla opende, avezwa kulo mbukiso ekwindla, washaqeka izilaleli. UHenri wethula imisebenzi emibili - isithombe sowesifazane esigqokweni nesithombe esithi "iwindi elivulekile".
Abaculi bashaya igagasi lentukuthelo, izivakashi zombukiso aziqondanga ukuthi zingawanaki kanjani amasiko obuciko obuhle. Abasunguli besitayela bapendwe ngama-snovers, okungukuthi, ukusindisa.
Kodwa-ke, ukunakwa okunjalo, yize kungenjalo, kwaletha ama-matisse ukuthandwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuhle: Kuvele abalandeli, abawathenge ngentokozo. Isibonelo, "Owesifazane osesigqokeni" ngokushesha kulo mbukiso uthathe umlobi waseMelika uGertrud Stein, kanye ne-canvas "injabulo yokuphila", okuvela ngo-1906, kwathengwa umqoqi odumile uLeo Stein.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kwenzeka umcimbi obalulekile - umculi wahlangana nePablo Picasso okwamanje, kwaqubuka lezokuxhumana emashumini eminyaka, lapho amakhosi ebhulashi ayencintisana nomunye. UPicasso uthe ukufa kwanoma yikuphi kwazo kuzobe kungokuwo wonke umuntu ongenakufinyeleleka, ngoba ukuxoxa ngemibuzo ethile yokudala ngokushesha kangako nanoma ngubani.
I-canvas emibili edume kakhulu - "umdanso" no "Music" - Matisse wabhala umsubathi waseSergei Schukin. I-Russian yayala imidwebo yendlu eMoscow. Umculi, esebenza emidwebo, wabeka umgomo wokwenza okuthile okwakuzwa eceleni kwendlu eduze kwalapho ukuthula. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwezithombe zikaHenri elawulwa mathupha - umFrance wafika enhlokodolobha yaseRussia, lapho athathwa khona. Abaculi uqobo bahlaba umxhwele ukuqoqwa kwezithonjana zakudala zomnikazi wendlu kanye nokulula kwamaRussia.
Ngokusobala, imali umdwebi yathola okuhle, ngoba ngokushesha waya ohambweni. Uvakashele e-Algeria Fairy Tale, futhi ebuyela ekhaya, washeshe wahlala phansi waya emsebenzini - ukukhanya kwabona isithombe esithi "Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Lolu hambo lwenze umbono olungenakufinyeleleka kuma-matisse, kuvela izinto ezintsha ngobuhlakani, indoda idala ama-lithographs, ama-angravings kuma-ceramics kanye nesihlahla.
I-charm yasempumalanga ayizange iyeke, umFulentshi waqhubeka ejwayelene ne-Afrika, ethuthela eMorocco. Wabe eseqhubeka nohambo oluya eYurophu naseMelika. Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi wakhe waqala ukulahlekelwa ukugxila kwawo, wawohloka ngokujula okucashile nokukhethekile, kwakukhona ukuxhumana nemvelo.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, umculi wathola i-Oncology, ngemuva kokuhlinzwa indoda ayikwazi ukuhamba. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-matisse yaveza inkomba entsha emkhakheni weDemoupage, okusekelwe ekuhlanganiseni imidwebo kusuka izingcezu zephepha elidwetshwe.
Iphuzu lomsebenzi kaHenri Matisse labeka iphrojekthi enkulu yokwakhiwa kwesigodlo sezindela sasesifazane eVansel. Kuthiwa lo mculi wabuzwa kuphela ukuhlela kuphela imidwebo emibalabala, kodwa wamisa ngentshiseko imikhono yakhe futhi wadala iphrojekthi ephelele. By the way, lo msebenzi ndoda ubheka isibonakaliso esithile sokuphela kokuphila kwelanga futhi okuhle ebhange lakhe le-piggy lemisebenzi yobuciko.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu uHenri Matisse wayehlotshiswe abesifazane abathathu. Ngo-1984, umdwebi waqala waba ubaba - uDemone Carolina Zoblo wethule umdwebi onethalente nendodakazi margarita. Kodwa-ke, uHenri washada nakancane kule ntombazane.
U-Amelie Pareir waba ngumlingani osemthethweni, omele lowo mmeleli wezwe wokupenda wahlangana naye emshadweni we-Comrade. Intombazane yasebenza njengentombi kamakoti, futhi uHenri watshalwa ngokungahleliwe eduze kwetafula. U-Amelie washaya uthando ekuqaleni kokubona, le nsizwa nayo yaqala ukubeka izimpawu zokunakwa. Intombazane yaba yindoda yokuqala esondelene eyayikholelwa ethalenteni lakhe ngaphandle kwemibandela.
Ngaphambi kokuba umshado woMkhwenyana axwayise uMlobokazi ukuthi indawo esemqoka empilweni izohlala ihlala emsebenzini. Ngisho naku-Honeymoon, umkhaya omusha omusha waya eLondon ukujwayelana nomsebenzi kaWilliam Turner.
Emshadweni, kwazalwa amadodana kaJean-Gerard noPierre. Abalingani baphinde bathatha umndeni wabo ukukhulisa uMargarita. Iminyaka eminingi, indodakazi nonkosikazi bahlala ezindaweni ezinamamodeli amakhulu nomculo womdwebi. Enye yemidwebo edumile enikezelwe umkakhe "umucu oluhlaza", ebhalwe ngo-1905.
Lo mfanekiso wowesifazane othandekayo washaya ama-connoisseurs wezobuciko "amabi". Izilaleli zazikholelwa ukuthi ummeleli we-Fovisma wakhungatheka ngokukhanya kopende kanye neqiniso elingacabangi.
Esiqongweni sokuthandwa, esafika ama-30s, umculi wayedinga umsizi. Matisse ngaleso sikhathi nomndeni wakhe bathuthela kuNice. Lapho sekukhona i-lydia encane yaseRussia ephumayo ephakeme, eyaba unobhala womdwebi wezinhlungu. Oshade naye kuqala akabonanga ingozi entombazaneni - umyeni wakhe akazange athande i-blonde. Kepha lesi simo sashintsha ngaso leso sikhathi: ngengozi ukubona iLydia ngengozi egumbini lokulala likankosikazi wakhe, uHenri wagijimela ukumdonsela.
Kamuva, kamuva, u-Amelie wazihlukanisa noshade naye, futhi i-diektoman yaba ngumnyuziyamu wokugcina weMadissa. Hlobo luni lobudlelwano obusebusebubanzi kule nyunyana, kwakunguthando, noma umbhangqwana wawunqunyelwe emsebenzini ohlanganyelwe, namanje akaziwa. Phakathi kwemidwebo ye-placer nemidwebo lapho uLidiya aboniswa khona, i-marion yi-canvas "odyalisk. Ukuvumelana okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. "
Ukushona
NgoNovemba 1, 1954, uHenri Matissea washaya le microbinselt. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, umdwebi omkhulu wafa. Le ndaba ithi umthengisi phambi kokufa wavakashela umdwebi egumbini lokulala, lapho asho khona:"Ngolunye usuku ungathi: Masinikeze ipensela nephepha."UHenri ngokumamatheka okuphenduliwe:
"Masinikeze ipensela nephepha."Ukusebenza
- Ngo-1896 - "Ibhodlela leSchidam"
- Ngo-1905 - "Injabulo Yokuphila"
- Ngo-1905 - "Owesifazane esigqokweni"
- 1905 - "Inkanyezi Eluhlaza"
- Ngo-1905 - "Vula iwindi ku-collier"
- 1907 - "Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka"
- 1908 - "Igumbi Elibomvu"
- 1910 - "Umculo"
- 1916 - "Ukubhukuda Emfuleni"
- Ngo-1935 - "Pink Nude"
- Ngo-1937 - "Owesifazane egqoke ijazi le-violet"
- 1940 - "" I-Romanian Blouse "
- 1952 - "Usizi lweNkosi"