I-Biograge
I-Vasily III yindodana ka-Ivan III kanye nomshana we-Byzantine Emperor uSofia Paleolog, The Grand Duke Vladimir kanye neMoscow, uMbusi wayo yonke iRussia, abuswa ngo-1505 kuye ku-1533. Esinkontilekeni nombusi woMbuso WaseRoma ongcwele, Maximilian I, okokuqala ngqa emlandweni waseRussia, ubizwa ngokuthi uMbusi uRus. Waqhubeka nezinqubomgomo zikayise zokuqinisa nokuhlanganisa umbuso waseRussia, walwa nokuphikiswa okungokoqobo. Ubaba u-Ivan Grozny.
NginoVasilia III eMoscow, ukususwa okuphelele okukhomba okuyisigamu kanye nokuqothulwa kwenhloko ukuhlanganiswa. IGrand Duke likhawulela amalungelo okugcina amakhosi angu-Aristocracy. Waduma ngempi enqobayo neLithuania.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umbusi wesikhathi esizayo waseRussov wazalwa entwasahlobo ka-1479. Bayala umntwana wakwethu emgwaqweni omgwaqo ukuhlonipha ukuqulwa nguVasily, ngobhapathizo lwanikezwa igama lobuKristu uGabriel. UVasily III uyindodana yokuqala, ezalelwa umyeni wakhe weSofia Paleolog, kanti owesibili ebikezela ngobukhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwakhe, uMfoweth 'u-Ivan oneminyaka emithathu u-Ivan wagcwalisa iminyaka engama-21. Kamuva, uSophia wabeletha umlingani wamanye amadodana amane.
Indlela kaVasily III esihlalweni sobukhosi kwakungu-ternist: u-Ivan wabhekwa njengendlalifa eyinhloko kanye nalowo ozolandela umthetho wobukhosi. Umqhudelani wesibili esihlalweni sobukhosi kwakuyindodana ka-Ivan abancane - uDmitry, owayezibuza umkhulu ka-August.
Ngo-1490, indodana endala yakwa-Ivan III yashona, kepha ama-wayars awafuni ukumbona ngesihlalo sobukhosi awela eceleni kukaDmitry nonina u-Elena Voloshanki. Umlingani wesibili ka-Ivan III Sophia Palealist nendodana yakhe basekela izingane eziyizingane ezi-order. Abasekeli bama-vasily bamsunduzela ekufafeni, beluleka isikhulu ukuthi babulale i-Dmitry Grandschik futhi, bathumba uMgcinimafa, abalekele eMoscow.
Abantu abanguMbusi baveze uzungu oluhileleke khona, futhi kwafakwa ingane yakubikwa e-IVI IVI. Ukumisa umkakhe uSophia Paleenists ezinjongweni ezingenamusa, inkosana enkulu yaseMoscow yaqala ukuyenza. Njengoba sengifundile ukuthi kwafika umngane womshado kulabo abashade naye, iNkosi ememezele ukuba ibambe "abesifazane abahlaselayo" nangaphansi kwesembozo sobusuku esopha emfuleni uM mosascow.
NgoFebhuwari 1498, uDmitry wabekwa umqhele wokubusa, kodwa ngonyaka i-pendulum yafunga ngaphesheya: Umusa weNkosi uSuceme washiya umzukulu. UVasily emkhakheni kababa wamukela i-Princess Novgorod nasePSKOV. Entwasahlobo ka-1502, u-Ivan III wangena emkhwenyanakazana ka-Elena Voloshanka nomzukulu waseDmitry esitokisini, futhi wabusisa kahle isichazamazwi sikaGreat.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Kumgomo wangaphakathi, uVasily III wayenamathele ebhodini eliqinile futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni akufanele anqunyelwe kunoma yini. Wanyamalala ngaphandle kokulibala nge-Abyars ehlazekile nokuxabana nabaphikisi abathembele esontweni. Kepha ngo-1521, iMetropolitan Varlaam yangena ngaphansi kwesandla esishisayo se-Grand Duke Moskovsky: ngokungafuni ukubhekana ne-autocrat emzabalazweni wokulwa nenkosana ethile ye-vasily Sheyakin, umpristi wabiza.
Ukugxeka i-vasily III kubhekwe kungamukelekile. Ngo-1525, i-Ivan Belsen-Beklemishev Diplomay yabulawa: I-Statesman ayikwamukelanga imishini emisha yamaGrikhi ebekwe ekuphileni kukamama waseRussia weSophia ebukhosini.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, i-destotus vasily iii yaqina: Ubukhosi, ukhulisa inani lobukhosi bomhlaba, kukhawulele amalungelo we-Wayar. Indodana nomzukulu baqhubeka nokwethulwa nguYise Ivan III kanye nogogo ngokuqina okumnyama kweRussia.
Ezepolitiki esontweni, uMbusi omusha wawa ngasohlangothini lukaJosephlanes, owavikela ilungelo lezindela zokuba ngumhlaba nempahla. Abaphikisi babo abangabamiki babulawa noma babulwa emangqamuzaneni e-monastic. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaYise u-Ivan kube kubi, kwavela ubuholi obusha, obungafikanga kulolu suku.
Esikhathini seVasily III Ivanovich, ukwakhiwa kwezokwakha kwawa, ukuqala kwako kwabeka uyise. I-Arkhangelsk Cathedral yaqhamuka eMoscow Kremlin, naseKolomenskoye - ithempeli lokukhuphuka kweNkosi.
Isigodlo seNkosi esinezitezi ezimbili sagcinwa kulolu suku - esinye sezikhumbuzo zakudala zezakhiwo zomphakathi enhlokodolobha yaseRussia. Izigodlo ezincane ezinjalo ("Putank"), lapho i-vasily iii futhi ezihambisana nenkosi u-retinue yayiphumule ngaphambi kokungena eKremlin, kwakunguLoti kuphela, kodwa kuphela isigodlo esalondolozwa e-basmannaya yakudala.
Ngokuphikisana "putaki" kukhona esinye isikhumbuzo sokwakhiwa - ithempeli likaNikita Martyr. Uvele ngo-1518 emyalweni we-vasily III futhi ekuqaleni wawungokhuni. Ngo-1685, kwakhiwa isonto lamatshe endaweni yakhe. Ngaphansi kwe-arches yethempeli lasendulo, u-Alexander pushkin wathandazela, uFyodor RocRots, uMarina Tsvetaeva.
Enhlanganweni yakwamanye amazwe, uVasily III waphawulwa njengomqoqi wamazwe aseRussia. Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe, babacela ukuba bazihlanganise ekukhulumeni kwe-moskovichi eqinisweni leMoscove. Inkosi yenza nabo, njengoba ekuqaleni u-Ivan III ngeNovgorod: Ngathutha imindeni engamakhulu ama-3 ebabazekayo esuka ePSkov eya eMoscov, ibanikele ukuba basebenzele.
Ngemuva kokuvinjezelwa kwesithathu ngo-1514, kuthathwe amaSmolensk, ngokunqoba kwawo ama-Vasily III afake ubuciko bezobuciko. Ukukhishwa kukaSmolensk sekuphenduke impumelelo enkulu yamasosha eMbusi.
Ngo-1517, inkosi yafakwa esitokisini senkosana yokugcina yaseRyazan Ivan Ivanovich, eyayiye yazungeza iCrimean Khan Ivan Ivanovich. Ngokushesha wathinteka ezimoni, futhi uLoti 'wayegxile' ekuqondeni kwe-Moscow Ngemuva kwalokho i-StaroDubsk ne-NovgoDod-Severskiy esemthetheni bazinikele.
Ekuqaleni kweBhodi, uVasily III waphetha ukuthula neKazan, futhi ngemuva kokuphulwa kwesivumelwano kuqhubeke umkhankaso wokulwa neKhananiate. Impi enaye eLithuania yabekwa umqhele ngempumelelo. Imiphumela yeBhodi yomsebenzi wombuso wonke amaRussia, uVasily Ivanovich, kwakuwukuqiniswa kwezwe, afunda ngemingcele ekude. Ubudlelwano obuhle neFrance neNdiya.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Ivan III washada nendodana yakhe ngonyaka ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukhethe umlingani weveli: Ngakhethwa ngunkosikazi kaSaburov, intombazane ye-Necchoarserky.
Ngo-46, uVasily III washiya ngokungathi sína iqiniso lokuthi unkosikazi akamnikanga indlalifa. Ababase beluleke inkosi ukuba yehlukanise ngenyumba uSolomoni. UMetropolitan Daniel wavuma isehlukaniso. NgoNovemba 1525, uGrand Duke wahlukana nonkosikazi wakhe, owazithathelana izindelakazi zesigodlo sezintombi zikaKhisimusi.
Ngemuva kwalabo, amahemuhemu agqamile ukuthi unkosikazi wangaphambili walolwa esigodlweni sabeletha indodana uGeorgy Vasilyevich, kepha abukho ubufakazi obukholisayo. Ngokusho kokuqunjelwa kwabantu, owakhulela indodana kaSaburova noVasily Ivanovich waba umphangi kudärik, okumisiwe eNekrasovskaya "ingoma ekhuluma nge-Twelve Robber".
Ngonyaka ngemuva kwesehlukaniso sesikhulu, ngakhetha indodakazi yenkosana efile glinsky. Intombazane yanqoba inkosi yezemfundo nobuhle. Ngenxa ka-Elena, uGlinsky, isikhulu saze saphucula intshebe yakhe, eyayingahambisani namasiko obu-Orthodox.
Kwathatha iminyaka emi-4, futhi umlingani wesibili akazange anikeze inkosi yendlalifa elalilindiswe yisikhathi eside. Ubukhosi kanye nomkakhe baye ezindlini zezindela zaseRussia. Kukholelwa ukuthi imithandazo kaVasily Ivanovich nomlingani wakhe bayizwakalisa i-Rev. PAFNUTS borovsky. Ngo-Agasti 1530, u-Elena wabeletha izibulo lika-Ivan, ikusasa likaJohn Grozny. Ngemuva konyaka, kwavela umfana wesibili - uYuri Vasilyevich.
Ukushona
Inkosi yakujabulela ukubusa kwakhe kafushane, lapho owokuqala eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, uMbusi wagula. Endleleni esuka eMonastery ZobuTjini eVolokolamsk Vasily III etholwe okhalweni.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa, kwaba nokukhululeka okufushane, kepha ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, udokotela wenza isinqumo sokuthi kuphela isimangaliso esisindisa ngokuqondile: Isiguli saqala ukuthelela igazi.
NgoDisemba, inkosi yafa, ibusisa izibulo esihlalweni sobukhosi. Izinsalela zingcwatshwe eCathedral yaseMoscow Arkhangelsk.
Abaphenyi basikisela ukuthi i-vasily III ibulawe umdlavuza esigabeni sokugcina, kodwa ngekhulu le-XVI belingabazi odokotela ngesifo esinjalo.
Ukukhumbula
- Ebhodini likaVasily III, kwakhiwa i-Arpangelsk Cathedral entsha, i-Arkhangelsk Cathedral yakhiwa, isonto lokukhuphuka kweNkosi.
- Ngo-2007, u-Alexey Shishov ushicilele isifundo esithi "Vasily III: umqoqi wokugcina wezwe laseRussia."
- Ngo-2009, iPremiere yochungechunge oluthi "Umqondisi we-Ivan Grozny" u-Andrei Eshpaya wabanjelwa, lapho i-Vladislav IIDI IQHAWULWE
- Ngo-2013, incwadi ka-Alexander Melnik yashicilelwa "iMosco Grand Prince vasily III nezinkolelo zangasanta baseRussia."