USamuel Marshak - Biography, isithombe, impilo yomuntu siqu, izincwadi, ukufa

I-Biograge

Ezingcingweni zivame ukuba khona isithombe sikaSamuel Yakovlevich Marmid ezungezwe yizingane. Akumangalisi, ngoba imbongi nomlobi bahlala bengumngane omuhle kakhulu wabafundi abancane. Ubuqambi bomlobi aligcini ezincwadini zezingane. Izinguqulo ezi-Mashi ezi-Brilliant zijwayelekile kubathandi bezincwadi zasendulo zesiNgisi.

Ubuntwana nentsha

USamuel Yakovlevich wazalwa emndenini wamaJuda ngo-Okthoba 22 (ngokwesitayela esisha ngoNovemba 3) ka-1887. Umndeni waqhamuka ohlotsheni lwakudala lwabacwaningi beTalmud. Ubaba womfana ungowakhemisi owasebenza esitshalweni sensipho, umama - umfazi wasendlini, ukukhulisa izingane futhi ubheka impilo. Ngaphezu kukaSamuel, kwakhiwa ezinye izingane ezinhlanu emndenini.

IMarshak-Senior izama ukuqaphela izifiso kanye namandla ochwepheshe emkhakheni wamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke umndeni uvame ukunyakaza: Vitebsk, Pokrov, Bakhmut. Uhlu lwamadolobha luphazanyiswe e-OstrogoJSK ngo-1900.

Ukusuka emndenini wamaJuda, le nkinga yanikezwa indawo yokuzivocavoca, ngoba inani elilinganiselwe lezindawo labelwa izingane zale vela kulo. Kungakho lapho ubaba kaMarshak wayenenhlanhla yokuthola umsebenzi eSt. Petersburg, uSamuel akazange alandele izihlobo ngokushesha.

I-Gymnasium esencane yafika enhlokodolobha eholidini. Omunye walezi zihambo usephenduke i-biography yesikhathi esizayo yombhali. Umfana umelwe ukugxekwa okudumile kanye nesazi-mlando sobuciko balesosikhathi eVladimir Stasov.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi le ndaba ekhuluma ngengane nentsha Marmak ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngezincwadi nobuqambi. Njengoba imbongi ngokwayo iyakhumbula, izinkondlo zaqala ukuqamba ngisho ngaphambili kunokufunda ukuzibhalela. Ngisho e-Ostrogogsk, i-DatevoGa evela kulo lonke elase-County ibiya emndenini wembongi encane yokulalela umsebenzi omnandi wemibhalo yakhe.

Akumangazi ukuthi iStasov, ezandleni lapho incwadi yokubhalela nomsebenzi womfana, yazisa ithalente lombhali futhi yaba nomthelela ekuhunyushweni kokuqala kukaSamuel Yakovlevich eSt. Petersburg Gymnasium.

Ukufika edolobheni eNeva, i-Gymnasist iyanyamalala emtatsheni wezincwadi womphakathi, iyavumelana nemisebenzi yama-Classics wezincwadi zezwe. Umgxeki akazange akhohlwe ukugxilisa uthando kothando lwe-ART, ikakhulukazi oyisekela isithembiso emkhakheni wobuntu bakazwelonke abangamaJuda.

Umlingani omkhulu wethula imbongi ngeMaxim Gorky ngo-1904. Njengoba sengifunde ngezinkinga zeMarshak nempilo ezibangelwa yisimo sezulu saseSt. I-Gorky zimema le nsizwa ukuba iphile eDacha yayo e-Yalta.

Edolobheni eliseningizimu, insizwa ichitha iminyaka emibili. Ngo-1906, lapho sesithole isixwayiso mayelana nozungu olungiselela amaJuda, kuphoqeleka ukuthi kushiye ogwini bese bebuyela eSt. Petersburg.

Kule Life Omadic of the Writer akazange ayeke. Ngo-1911, insizwa eneqembu lamaComrades liya ohambweni oluya eMiddle East njengombhali. Ngo-1912 kwaphawulwa uhambo oluya eNgilandi ngemfundo e-University of London.

Ukubuyela ezweni lakubo ngo-1914, le nsizwa yayishintshe imizi yokuhlala kaningana, waze wagcina ethuse ePetrograd ngo-1922.

Into yokufunda

Imisebenzi kaSamuel Yakovlevich yaqala ukuphrinta ngo-1907. Incwadi yokuqala kwakuyiqoqo le- "Zionida", elinikezelwe kwitimu yamaJuda. Ngaphezu kobuqambi bomlobi, umbhali ujatshulelwa ngokuhumusha. Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi iqala umsebenzi kule ndlela futhi kusuka ezinkondlweni zezimbongi ezingamaJuda.

Imisebenzi yembongi encane ibhekiswe kumfundi wabantu abadala. Umjikelezo omuhle kakhulu wobuciko bomlobi abasha ubizwa ngokuthi ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo "Palestine", okubhalwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba kombhali. Ukutadisha eNgilandi, uthanda kakhulu ubuhlakani babantu baseBrithani naseScotland, ukuhumusha kwe-ballad, kanye nemisebenzi yama-classics.

Ngeshwa, iBolshevik, bese uStalinist Stalinist yaseRussia azange azondle ukuthembeka okungapheli emsebenzini wezimbongi nabalobi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ababhali bawelanga futhi bacindezelwa. USamuel Yakovlevich uthole indlela yokuphuma nendlela yokuthuthukisa ithalente lembongi enkulu emisebenzini yezingane.

Umlobi wadume ngothando lwesizukulwane esisha. Ngo-1920, kwahlelwa ithiyelazi yokuqala yezingane eKrasnodar, esigabeni lapho kwakukhona okwenziwa khona ngemibhalo yakhe, njenge "izinyanga eziyishumi nambili", "Teremok".

Kusukela ngo-1923, izincwadi zezingane zembongi zishicilelwa ePetrograd, okubandakanya nokuhunyushwa okuvela kwisiNgisi "House okwakhiwa yiJack:" Indlu Yabo ", yilokho okuhlakazeka", "Yilokho okuhlakazekile igundane elincane ".

Eminyakeni yempi, ukugwema ukuhlanganisa ngenxa yokubukwa okungafanele, iMarshak ibhala i-Satirical Felens, ibamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwamaphosta alwa nama-fascist.

Ukuze uthole umnikelo ezincwadini, umbhali wanikezwa amaphrimiyamu kanye namaprimiyamu ambalwa ama-stalinist kanye nama-leninist, kufaka phakathi i-oda leLenin, i-oda lesibhengezo seRed Red Banner.

Kuma-60s, lapho ophumelele amaphrimiyamu engasongeli lutho, imbongi yakhipha iqoqo lezinkondlo zabafundi abadala "Izintandokazi lyrics". Ngo-1960, i-autobiography yomlobi "ekuqaleni kwempilo" iyashicilelwa.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Unkosikazi uSophia Mikhailovna Milvid Milvid umbhali osemusha wahlangana phakathi neMiddle East ebalulekile empilweni yakhe. Okokufunda eLondon, kusho abantu abasha abebesemndeni. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo kaSophia Mikhailovna kwahlala kungumngane weqiniso kanye nomnyuziyamu.

Izindawo eziphila ngesikhathi zithathwa ngokuthi abashadikazi, naphezu komehluko emazweni okushisa kanye nezinhlamvu, bahambisana ngokuphelele nomunye. IMarshak ngumuntu wokudala, yahlukaniswa umoya ovuthayo, opholile noSophia Mikhailovna - "techny" yeqiniso "egumbini lokugcina impahla engqondweni, lalinengqondo, linokuthula kanye nesisindo sengqondo.

Ngendlela, uSamuel Yakovlevich wahlupheka nge-scatleton engenakwenzeka. Kuthiwa yindaba ekhuluma ngomuntu ovela embongi wasemgwaqweni wabhala kuwe.

Umngani omkhulu weSoviet Devye ngokwakhe uye wahlangana kaninginingi inhlekelele ehambisana nezingane zayo. Ngo-1915, izibulo labalingani bakaMashakov, indodakazi enonyaka owodwa uNathanayeli, yachitha i-samovar ebilayo. Ingane yabulawa kusuka ekuvuneni kwathola.

Eminyakeni emibili emva kwenhlekelele, indodana ka-Imanuweli yabonakala emhlabeni, kwathi ngo-1925 - uYakov. Akumangazi ukuthi umyeni nomkakhe baqhaqhazela ngokoqobo izingane. Ngale ndlela, "inganekwane yobuso obuncane obuyisiphukuphuku" ibhandelwe yimbongi ngobusuku obubodwa ukuthola imali yokwelashwa kuka-Imanuweli e-Evpatoria.

Ngeshwa, indodana encane kaJakov encane yafa ngenxa yesifo sofuba eminyakeni engama-21. Indodana endala yaphila impilo egcwele ngokugcwele, yaba yi-physist ephumelelayo eyakha inqubo yokuthwebula izithombe. Ngokufana, le ndoda yahlanganyela ekuhumusheni.

Umuhle futhi uphendule ngohlamvu, uSamuel Marmak eminyakeni enzima yokucindezelwa noshushiso lomsebenzi walowo obhali njengoba evikela ozakwabo. Ungesabi, imbongi yaphendukela kubantu abaphezulu be-NKVD, ivezwe ekuvikeleni imisebenzi ye-I. A. Brodsky, A. I. Solzhenitsyn.

Kwavuka imizamo yokuthi imangalelwe nge-cosmopolitanism ne-marshak. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahemuhemu aphakamise ukuthi izikhalazo zeKabbababalo zibethelwe emavesini ezinganeni. Ukuba ngumJuda ongenacala, umlobi wafunda iTalmud, kunemininingwane mayelana nokubhala yimbongi yezinkondlo zeZionist, kodwa ezincwadini zezingane, kodwa, ayitholanga ukuboniswa.

Ukushona

Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, umbhali ungaboni kahle ecaleni.

Imbongi enkulu yashiywa ngoJulayi 4, 1964, yasinda eminyakeni emidala kakhulu. Imbangela esemthethweni yokufa iyabonakala njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo okunamandla. Amakhulu abangani nabalandeli bobuciko bafika ukuvalelisa kuSamuel Yakovlevich. Ithuna lomlobi litholakala emathuneni eNovodevichy.

I-Bibliography

Izinganekwane Zezingane:

• "Izinyanga eziyishumi nambili"
• "Izinto Ezihlakaniphile"
• "Indlu yekati"
• "UTeremok"
• "Inganekwane yegundane eliyisiphukuphuku"
• "Tale mayelana negundane elihlakaniphile"
• "Kungani ikati lalibizwa ngokuthi ikati"
• "Ring jafar"
• "Isalukazi, vala umnyango!"
• "Umthwalo"
• "Undlunkulu wadlaphi?"
• "I-Mustachioed - Imivimbo"
• "Indlovukazi Evakashele"
• "Tale ngembuzi"

Imisebenzi ye-didactic:

• "Umlilo"
• "Imeyili"
• "Impi neDniPro"

Izinkondlo:

• "Indaba ngeqhawe elingaziwa"

Isebenza ngezihloko zamasosha nezepolitiki:

• "I-imeyili Ezempi"
• "Byl-Nesbylitsa"
• "Unyaka wonke"
• "Ukuqapha Umhlaba"