I-Biograge
UDmitry Sheryaka - umhlanganyeli ophikelelayo futhi ophikelelayo weMpi Yempilo yaseRussia, kubangela ukuhlolwa okuvelele kwezizukulwane - izazi-mlando. UN. M. UKaramzin wakhuluma ngokuziphatha okunonya kokuziphatha nokwehluleka kwezinqubomgomo zenkosana. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abacwaningi abavame ukuvumelana nokuhlolwa okunjalo kwe-biography yomzukulu wokuhlubuka Donskoy.Ubuntwana nentsha
UDmitry Sheyaka uyindodana yesibili yeZevenigorod ne-Galician Prince Yuri Dmitrieving kanye nonkosikazi wakhe u-Anastasia Yurastasia Yurastasia Yurastasia Yurastasia Yurastasia yuryevna. I-Anastasia yindodakazi kaSmolensky Prince. Umshado owawuhlelelwe njengendlela yokuhlanganisa umhlaba, ekugcineni waba umfelandawonye oqinile. Unkosikazi weseka umngane womshado, wabeletha umyeni wakhe amadodana amane.
Umkhulu uDmitry - Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy. Umfowabo omdala kaVasily Kosya nothi olulandelayo ngemuva kwe-Smeyaka Dmitry (encane) ebomvu basekela umzabalazo wesihlalo sobukhosi esihle saphakade. Futhi indodana encane uYuri Dminivech yaqhubeka kude nezimpi zezepolitiki futhi yafa ezinkombeni nasekupheleni kwezimpi zomndeni zomndeni.
Usuku lokuzalwa lukaDmitry Shemyakov luhlala luyimfihlakalo yezazi-mlando. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uYuri washada noPrincensk Princess ngo-1400, kwathi u-Anastasia washona ngo-1422. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi kanye ne-biography yenkosana ezayo kwaqala.
Igama lesidlaliso lenkosana libuye libe nezinketho ezimbili zemvelaphi. Ngokwesinye sezinguqulo, i-Sheyaka ibuyela egameni lesiTatar-Mongolia "Chimek", okusho umhlobiso ekuhumusheni. Ezinye izazi-mlando zivame ukuthi ekuqaleni kwabizwa ngokuthi "Shewayok", inani lawo lisobala.
Ngokuqondene negama, konke kulula kakhulu lapha. UDmitry Baba Nare Ndodana, kungenzeka, ngokuhlonipha umkhulu kagogo odumile nothandekayo.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Ngemuva kokushona kweGrand Duke Vasily I, okuwukuphela komuntu osindile uVasily II emi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Isikhulu esisha sathola ukuvunywa kanye nelebula ebhodini naseTatar-Mongolian Khan. Kodwa-ke, umalume uVasily, uYuri Dmitrieving, ubaba kaDmitry Sheyaki, owayenomfowethu omncane ngaphandle kwami, angivumelani nesikhundla sezinto.
Eminyakeni engu-1430, esekelwa amadodana vasily, iKosim noDmitry Sheyaka, uZevenigorodsky kanye nePritsky Prince Prince balwa nesihlalo sobukhosi nomshana. I-Challenger Ezichazwe eziGreat Izichazamazwi zaphula amaqhawe a-vasily, kanti uYuri Dmitrievch ungena ekubuseni okukhulu, kodwa ngo-1434 ushiya impilo.
IGrand Duke ikhona ngokuhlanekezela ngaleso sikhathi eMoscow Vasily Kosya, eyayithukuthelisa abafowethu abancane. Izizukulwane zikaYuri Dminievch zimenyelwa esihlalweni sobukhosi sikaVasily II futhi zisize ziphume enhlokodolobha yomfowabo omdala.
Ngemuva kokuthola ukwesekwa, i-vasily enhle inika uDmitry Sheyak Dmitry eRzhev nase-UGlich. USheyak onothando oluvelele futhi uvuka amandla wadumisa isifiso sokuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi esikhulu. Isikhulu sasifuna ukubusa iRussia, hhayi ukudla okuhlukile.
Ngo-1445, uVasily waphoqeleka ukuba akhankasele ukumelana neHorde yeGolide, eyaphula umngcele wombuso. UMfoweth 'uxhase uDmitry Sheyak. Esikhathini esinqumayo sempi, inkosana yase-Uglich ayizange isize ngokusobala, ngenxa yalokho, impi yalahleka, futhi iGrand Duke ithumba ama-orda.
UDmitry uthatha isihlalo sobukhosi. UVasily uVasily II, ngaleso sikhathi, wathembisa uHanu ukuhlengwa okukhulu kwenkululeko, lapho izihlanganisi zingakwazanga ukwenqaba khona. Ngo-1446, usubhalelwe uTatar-Mongol, uVasily ubuyisela isihlalo sobukhosi. Lapha kuphela lapha ama-Boscow ama-Ayervas nabefundisi ababengajabule ngeTatarus.
UDmitry Sheyak wasebenzisa ithuba elingenamahloni elinamahloni akwaVasily, angena ekubuthweni kwezikhulu ezinamakhosi u-Ivan Mozhaisk naseBoris Tver. Ngo-1446 okufanayo, uDmitry udlulise ngohambo lokuba yimikhuleko eya emgodleni wezindela zonyaka kaZiqu-zintathu. Ukuthatha ithuba lokuntuleka kombusi, uDmitry, ngokusekelwa yimishini, ubuyisela ibhodi.
Umngane u-Ivan Mozhaisky uthwebula vasily, uDmitry uphuphuthekisa umphikisi, emva kwalokho wathola isizwana emnyama. Umndeni wezitha udingiselwe ukuboshwa e-Uglich. Kuliqiniso, kungekudala ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela ku-Metropolitan ion vasily bakhululwa, izitha zabuyisa futhi zasayina isivumelwano sezwe.
UVasily uthole okuningi eVologda, lapho wahamba khona nomndeni wakhe nezingane. Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi kaDmitry Sheyaki njengoba i-Grand Duke ayizange ihluke ngokuqhubekayo.
UMbusi ovela kuDmitry Yurevich waphuma enonya, onothando namandla futhi akanamthathale. Ngesikhathi sokubusa, ukuntula, ukufumbathisa kanye nohulumeni wokwahlulela kwaqala. Indaba yayihlanganisa inkulumo esenkantolo yaseShemeyakin njengengalungile futhi iyathengiswa. Lo mbono kwinqubomgomo ye-Dmitry uthuthukiswe ezizukulwaneniso ezingenzelwa ukulinganisa kukaN. M. Karamzin.
Izazi-mlando eziningi azivumelani nombono onjalo futhi zivame ukubheka i-Shemak ngumlandeli wemibono kagogo kanye ne-wrestler yesihlalo sobukhosi esingokomthetho.
Ukwehluleka kwezepolitiki, ukunganeliseki kwezimali ezivela ezifundani eziphakeme kakhulu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi, ukuza ngokungenwe kuLoti obonakalayo, emnyama ngokusobala uthola ukusekelwa kwezingane. Kwanele ukumelana nebutho elibuthelwe ngejubane elingakaze libonwe. Lapho esefunde ngokuhlaselwa okwenziwe ngumuntu, uDmitry Sheyaka no-Ivan Mozhaysky baphuma bayohlangana nabavukeli.
Kungazelelwe, iMoscow idluliselwe abahlanganyeli be-vasily. UDmitry wayengenalutho, ungashesha kanjani ukucasha eGalinich. Ngo-1447, isikhulu esiguqukayo sokuqala saqala ukuxoxisana nesitha, sifinyelele esivumelwaneni ngokudluliselwa komhlaba wase-Uglich, uRzhev noBezhetsk Vasily. Kubuye kwanqunyelwa ukubuyisa umgcinimafa futhi ushiye imizamo yokuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi.
Ukuhaha ku-Power Dmitry bekungeke kulandele inkontileka. Silungele ukufuna isihlalo sobukhosi nganoma yiziphi izindlela, wenza inkathazo phakathi kweNovgorod, izakhamizi zaseVyatka, zingcolisa igama labantu abamnyama, lifuna ukwesekwa kwababusi abathile.
Abefundisi, emahlombe aphathiswe inkantolo ngenkantolo phezu kweSheyaka, bazama ukunxusa uBujan. Ngokusho kwemininingwane engaqinisekisiwe, i-Dmitry ixoshwa ngisho nesonto futhi inikelwe e-Anathema. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqoqwa kwababhishobhi nabathumeli be-urchorized kwakungenalo ithonya kwinkosana evukelayo. Ngo-1448, emnyama ngokusobala wenza umkhankaso we-Dmitry. Amaqhawe agijimayo, uShemaka wavuma ukuthula.
Kuliqiniso, imibandela yesivumelwano sokuthula Dmitry namanje ayihlangane. Ngo-1449, amabutho akwaSheyaki azamile ukuthwebula i-kostroma, kodwa ngempumelelo. Ngo-1450, amabutho aseMoscow asondela ku-GALICH futhi wawina amashalofu e-Inomrom.
Inkosana ehlubukayo yaphunyuka emdeni yahlala e-Novgorod, yakwazi ukuthwebula i-UTYTUG, ingaqondi nalabo ababengafuni ukulalela. Ngo-1952, iGrand Dluke yaya ekukhululweni kwe-Ustygan. Ukwehlulwa okwesabekayo, i-Sheyaka yabuyiselwa emuva ku-Novgorod.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Izinsuku eziqondile zemicimbi yempilo yomuntu siqu yePrince, kanye nemininingwane yezindawo, zihlale zingaziwa. Hhayi ngaphambi kuka-1436, uDmitry Yurevich wathatha indodakazi yendodakazi kaDattristina endodakazini kaZazezersky Prince Sophia. Akungaphambi kuka-1437, abasha abasha bazala indodana ka-Ivan, futhi hhayi ngaphambi kuka-1436, indodakazi kaMary.
Ngemuva kokufa kwekhanda lomndeni, wesaba ukushushiswa okuvela kumphathi woMbuso, unkosikazi kaDmitry, kanye nendodana yakhe, ukhonza eLithuania ngo-1456. Indodakazi, eyayikade ishade neNovgorod nePSKOV Prince, yashiya impilo yakhe ngokufana okungu-1456.
Ukushona
Ngo-1453, kwathunyelwa ngo-vasily ku-Novgorod ku-deca statan enentshebe nge-oda lokubulala i-Dmitry ezondayo neyejwayelekile. Ukufumbathisa ngosizo lwamakhemikhali alinganiselwa kuMpheki ku-Toadst ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Toadst, isithunywa sakwazi ukwenza umkhuhlane.
Ensimini yenkukhu, ephekwe etafuleni, umpheki ubuthi buka ubuthi. USheyak, owayehamba izinsuku eziyishumi nambili, wafa. Imbangela yokufa iyaqinisekiswa lapho ufunda izinsalela.
Ngokwesazi-mlando esiningi, ubuthi buhlelwa yizikhulu ze-Novgorod, ezikhathele yimpi yempi kanye nokubhekana nenkosana enkulu.
Ukusabela kwabaphila ngesikhathi sokufa kwama-Shemyaks kwaba khona. Abaningi bathukuthelela ubuqili becala. Kusukela kuMbusi onesihluku, waphenduka waba ngumfelar 'ogulayo. Kuliqiniso, ngenxa yemiphumela emibi emibi, ukufa kwesihlubuki esikhohlisayo akuzange kulethe.
Ukukhumbula
Ezincwadini:
- Ngo-1832 - Inkambu yeNikolai. "Isifungo kanye nebhokisi leNkosi"
Emibhalweni yabaculi:
- UViktor Muuzel: "Ukubuyisana kukaVasily II kumnyama nge-Sheyaka"
- UVictor Muuizhel: "Dmitry Dmitry Sheyaki ngePrince vasily II emnyama"
- UKarl Gong: "Sophia Vitovtn emshadweni we-vasily omnyama"
- UPavel Chistyakov: "Emshadweni we-Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich Dark Great Princess Sophia Vitovtna ususa uPrince vasily Kosovo, umfowethu onamatshe ayigugu, okwakuyi-yuryevichi ephenya ngokungafanele"
- UBoris Chorikov: "I-Queen Sophia isusa ngokungafanele kusuka kuPrince Versy yuryevich kosovo ethunjiwe ibhande eliyigugu dimitri Donssky, 1433"