I-Biograge
URaisa Maksimovna Gorbachev akazange akhunjulwe hhayi nje njengentokazi yokuqala yezwe kanye nonkosikazi wowokuphela koMongameli weSoviet Union. Le ntokazi yathola amandla okuhlanganyela emisebenzini emincane yesisa, kanye nomsebenzi wakhe, kanye nempilo yomndeni, okuthi, ngenxa yokuthumela okuphezulu komngane womshado, kwakumahlombe aphezulu.Ngaso sonke isikhathi sobumongameli, uMikhail Gorbachev futhi nangemva kwalokho, uRisa Gorbacheva waxoxwa futhi wagwetshwa, kodwa kuphephile ukuphikisana nokuthi lona wesifazane one-biography enzima wahlukaniswa.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlingani wesikhathi esizayo sikaMongameli wazalwa ngoJanuwari 5 (Capricorn esibonakaliso seZodiac) ka-1932 edolobheni laseRubtsovsk (i-Altai Territory). Ubaba weRaisa Maximovna ngobuzwe wayeyisifunda sase-Ukraine, umdanso wesifundazwe saseChernihive, umama uyisizwe saseSiberia. Izingane ezintathu zikhule emndenini: URaisa omncane wayenomfo omncane nomfowethu. UDade Ludmila, emshadweni owathatha igama lokugcina aiukasov, wasebenza njengodokotela onika udokotela. UMfoweth 'ubgenitarenkoko waba ngumlobi.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi kababa (wasebenza njengonjiniyela ngojantshi) umndeni weTitarenko uyigama lentombi kaRaisa Gorbacheva - evame ukuthutha. Babephila ngaphandle kokuphila, ngakho-ke i-raisa kusukela esemncane yayiqonda ukuthi: Kuyadingeka ukuba ufunde kahle futhi wamukele umsebenzi wokusiza abazali. Le micabango endodakazini yasekela umama, okwakungakwazi ukuthola imfundo.
Ngo-1949, intombazane yathola iziqu esikoleni ngokuhlonishwa futhi yaya eMoscow. Ebusheni bakhe, enhloko-dolobha yaseRaisa Maksimovna, ngabhalisa kalula eMoscow State University ogama lakhe ngemuva kukaMikhail Lomonosov, ngikhetha ubuhlakani befilosofi. Kwathi ngo-1955, sekuvele umkakhe uGorbachev, ngemuva kokuthuthela eStavropol ukusatshalaliswa.
Inkambo
EStavropol, uRaisa Maksimovna uthole umsebenzi wokuba ngumfundisi emphakathini weNhlangano Yezwe "ulwazi", futhi wafundisa ifilosofi ezikhungweni zezolimo nezolimo. Ngokufana, ikusasa intokazi yokuqala yazenzelwa isayensi: wafunda i-sociology futhi wahlela ucwaningo lwayo kule ndawo.Ukusebenza kanzima okunjalo bekungelona izeluleko: Ngo-1967 uGorbachev wavikela umbono wakhe ku-sociaology, ngokususelwa ezifundweni lapho uRaisa Maksimovna asebenza khona endaweni yaseStavropol.
Ngo-1978, le ntokazi enomyeni wakhe ibuyela enhlokodolobha, lapho aphinda ahlala khona uthisha eMoscow State University futhi aqhubeka nezinkulumo egatsheni laseMoscow of the Society "ulwazi". Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1985, uRaisa Maksimovna waqala ukuhambisana nomlingani wakhe (ngaleso sikhathi vele unobhala jikelele we-CC) Kuzo zonke izindlela zebhizinisi nohambo olusemthethweni.
Kuyaqapheleka lokho ukuze kuthi ngaleso sikhathi, indlela enjalo yokuziphatha komfazi womholi weqembu ayekuzwakala: Abangane abavumelekile bobutholi bokuqala nosopolitiki babehlala bengazi ukuthi bazokwaziswa amagama abo, , futhi izithombe zalezi zintokazi azikaze ziwele lapho zilandela leso sikhathi. Kepha akunjalo kwakunguRaisa Maksimovna, owabheka umsebenzi wakhe wokuxhasa umyeni wakhe kukho konke futhi njalo ube seduze kwakhe.
Ngokumangazayo, kodwa phesheya, isibalo sakhe sahlangabezana nozwela olukhulu kakhulu futhi sithakazelisa, kunokuba ngezwe labo lokuzalwa. Omunye womagazini baseBrithani waze wabizwa ngokuthi uGorbachev "1987 Owesifazane." Kepha eSoviet Union, kwakuvame ukusola ngaye. Kukholakala ukuthi le ntokazi yokuvelela nokuzitholela "yaholela" ezweni ngomyeni wakhe, kamuva eyayidlalela indima ekuweni kwe-USSR. Abaningi ngokuvamile bakubheka njenge-ejenti yase-US.
Ngaphezu kokusiza oshade naye, lona wesifazane wayehlala ehlanganyela ekuphathweni, ecabanga ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo wentokazi yokuqala. Ngaphansi kobuholi babafazi, uMikhail Sergeevich wasebenza esikhwameni sosizo lwezingane zeChernobyl; Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRaisa Maksimovna wabamba iqhaza ngqo emisebenzini yesisekelo samazwe omhlaba ukuze asekele iziguli ezincane, iziguli ezine-leukemia.
Ungakhohlwa iGorbachev nangamasiko: wema emgadlweni wokudalwa kwesikhwama samasiko aseSoviet, efaka umnyuziyamu wenhlangano, umnyuziyamu weRoerich, umnyuziyamu womndeni weBenoit, . Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRaisa Maksimovna uzuze ukubuyiselwa kwezikhumbuzo eziningi zezakhiwo nezakhiwo zesonto.
Lapho uMikhail Sergeevich eshiya iposi likaMongameli, owayengumhlali wokuqala wasiza umyeni wakhe ukubhala izincwadi ngokubheka imininingwane yezethenjwa namaqiniso adingekayo. Futhi, kanye nonkosikazi wakhe, uLata wavula iGorbachev-Fund, eyayiganwa eSokilology nososayensi bezepolitiki. Ngo-1991, owesifazane wabhala i-autobiography eyayibizwa ngokuthi "Ngiyethemba ...".
Ngo-1997, uGorbachev wasungula i-Maximovna Raisa Club, ehlanganisa nabamele abameli bezesayensi namasiko ezwe. Le kilabhu yasiza abantu abangavikelekile emphakathini: omama abanesizungu, odokotela nabafundisi bezifundazwe, izintandane.
Isitayela nemfashini
Kusukela ekubonakaleni kokuqala emihlanganweni yasobala nomngane wakhe womshado, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uMikhail Sergeevich athathe isikhundla soNobhala Jikelele, uRaisa Maksimovna akhombise ukucolisiswa, ubuhle kanye nobunyoninco ekukhetheni kwezingubo. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni yokuqala yama-80s, ikusasa lentokazi yokuqala yeSoviet Union livumele amanye amaphutha ekukhethweni kwezingubo zokuthola izembatho zokuhlelwa okusemthethweni phesheya, okwathi kukhanyiswe ngobudlova Press.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-1984, okokuqala ngqa ukuba nomyeni wakhe e-UK ngesimemo sikaMargaret Thatcher, uRaisa Maksimovne washintsha amajazi ahlukene nsuku zonke. Futhi elinye lamasu wokuphikisana kusihlwa, le ntokazi yafika egqoke ingubo yokubhuqa endabeni enezimbadada zegolide ezivulekile. Ngosuku olulandelayo, amaphephandaba aseBrithani ahanjiswa ezihlokweni ezinezithombe ezifakazela ukwephulwa kwekhodi yokugqoka.
Emva kwalokho, isitayela se-gorbacheva savimba ngokwengeziwe, kepha asilahlekelwa ukucolisiswa. Isibalo esihle se-slim kanye nokwanda okuncane, ukwakheka okungenangqondo, isitayela sahlukaniswa nguRaisa Maximov kwabanye abalingani be-soviet unobhala weSoviet. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iningi lezingubo zabesifazane ezithathwe ebhulohweni leBlacksmith. Okwenzelwe yena, unkosikazi kaMikhail Sergeyevich ophuma kwabangu-60 abaklami kumamodeli wasekhaya wakhetha uTamar Makeev, owadala izingubo ezidumile zamantombazane okuqala.
Ngokushesha umngane womshado kasopolitiki odumile wawela entshonalanga. Ikakhulu iRisa, iMaximovna ikhombise i-couture eholayo yemfashini yaseYurophu yesikhathi - Yves Saint-Lairent noPierre Cardin. EMMOMUSA, okwakamuva kwavuma lokho, ukwazisa ukunambitheka okubucayi kanye nesitayela somfazi soNobhala Jikelele weSoviet, kwafuna ukunikeza iqoqo elisha, kodwa intokazi yathatha isudi entsha kuphela nejazi elikhanyayo elivela kuye.
Ngaphambi kwe-gorbacheva, kwakukhona umsebenzi onzima - ekuvuseleleni okusemthethweni kanye "nemihlangano engenawo amathayi" abukeke umngane onzima wabaholi bamazwe asentshonalanga. Kubaluleke kakhulu umhlangano noNancy Reagan ngesikhathi sokuvakasha komholi weqembu e-United States phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Umlingisi wangaphambili weHollywood wasabela ngokubanda kuRaisa Maximov, ethola umlingiswa walolo nzima, futhi izinga lemfundo liphezulu.
Noma kunjalo, ngokwesitayela, intokazi yaseSoviet yabukeka sengathi kufanele, ukukhetha izingubo, izesekeli, izicathulo zavela ukuthi zibe namandla. Kamuva, ababezindaba bequkethe izibonelo ezivela emhlanganweni engqungqutheleni eVienna ngo-1961 abaholi bamandla amabili namakhosikazi abantu abathi uNina Petrovna Khrushchev, imvunulo yabantu ababizwa ngokuthi "ijazi ngaphakathi imbali ". Kwabonakala sengathi uRaisa Maksimovna, ubuhle obuthandwayo nesitayela sezingubo, wabuyisela "idumela" labangane be-Soviet Peakes emehlweni aseNtshonalanga.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yomfazi wokuqala we-USSR ithuthukise ngokufanele futhi ngenenjabulo. Ngomlingani wesikhathi esizayo we-raisa (ke titarenko) wahlangana emuva eyunivesithi - wafunda ekhasini lomthetho. Kusukela lapho, uMikhail Sergeevich noRaisa Maksimovna abakwazanga ukuhlukana. Umshado wabathandekayo udlule ngesizotha: Abafundi bamane nje babengenamali yokugubha okuhle.Ngo-1957, indodakazi kaHorbachev yazalwa (emshadweni - vyganskaya). Le ntombazane yathola imfundo yezokwelapha futhi kamuva yaba yiPhristu - uMongameli weGorbachev-Fund, eyasungulwa ngabazali bakhe.
Ukushona
Ekuqaleni kuka-1999, impilo yoRaisa Maximovna yaqala ukwehluleka. NgoJulayi, ochwepheshe beRamna Hematolology Isikhungo satholakala eGorbacheva Leukekemia. Izizathu zokuvela kwalowo owayengunobhala Jikelele we-Union of Blood Disease, odokotela babiza ukucindezelwa njalo, izinkinga ezivela kwezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona. Futhi phakathi kwabo kwathathwa ngemiphumela yokuvezwa kwemisebe etholwe yintokazi yokuqala ngesikhathi sohambo oluya esimisweni samandla enuzi eChernobyl ngemuva nje kwengozi embi.
Odokotela abahle kakhulu baseRussia neJalimane abaxhumeke ekwelashweni kowesifazane. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngemuva kwesimemezelo sokuxilongwa, uGorbachev wathuthwa eMünster, emtholampilo waseJalimane. Lapho, izinyanga ezimbili, odokotela baseJalimane balwela impilo kaRisa Maximovna, esongela umdlavuza. Kwahlelwa ukwenza ukufakelwa kwamathambo, umnikelo ubezoba udadewethu uLyudmila Titarenko.
Kodwa-ke, isimo sikaGorbacheva singazelele sasiwohloka ngokuzumayo, futhi ukuhlinzwa kwakufanele kushiywe. Kwathi ngoSepthemba 20, 1999, uRisa Maximovna akazange. Imbangela yokufa, odokotela babiza isifo se-oncological, esasingelulaphe. Lowo owayeyintokazi yokuqala wayeneminyaka engama-67 ubudala.
Umngcwabo weGorbacheva, owenzeka ngoSepthemba 23, waqoqa izinkulungwane zabantu eza ukuzokuhlasela kulolu mfazi oqinile. Phakathi kwazo kwakunguVladimir Putin, uNaina Yelsin, uHelmut Kohl nabanye osopolitiki kanye nezibalo zomphakathi. I-Raisa Maximovna itholakala emathuneni aseMoscow Novodevichy. Ngemuva konyaka, kwafakwa isikhumbuzo kule ndawo. Kuze kube manje, abantu baletha izimbali etsheni lethuna.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-2006, i-International Raisa Gorbacheva International Foundation yadalwa eLondon, yenzelwe ukuxhasa amaphrojekthi okuhloswe ngayo ukulwa ne-leukemia yezingane kanye nomdlavuza.
- Igama likaR. M. Gorbacheva elibizwa ngokuthi Isikhungo seHematology Yezingane kanye ne-Transplantogn eSt.
- NgoJuni 16, 2009, uMikhail Gorbachev ukhiphe idiski 'izingoma zeRaisa ", ezinikezelwe ekukhumbuleni kwe-10 ngokufa kukaRisa Maximovna.
- Ngo-2012, ifilimu elibhalwe phansi elithi "Uthando namandla kaRaisa Gorbacheva" kwakhishwa kwizikrini, litshela ngokuphila kwalowo owayengunkosikazi wokuqala weNyunyana.