I-Biograge
I-Veniamin Alexandrovich Kaverin ngumlobi wase-Russian Soviet, i-Playwwright kanye nomlobi wesikrini. Ilungu leqembu lemibhalo le- "Serapionov Brothers" kanye nomnqobi womklomelo weStalisast. Umlobi wencwadi yezithonjana ezizukulwaneni eziningi zentsha - inoveli "kakaputeni emibili, eyayifundwa yizigidi.
U-Veniamin Zilber - lokhu kuzwakala igama langempela le-prose - kwathatha i-pseedonyranyworanymsnym. Futhi ngakuye ifa kusuka ku-prototype - uGusar noFuelanta Peter Pandry, umngani ka-Alexander pushkin, wazalwa nguYe ngaphansi kwegama lakhe lokugcina e-Evgenia Onegogo - ukuqondisa nokungabaza ukwenza ukuyekethisa.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Umbhali 'wezinduna ezimbili' wazalwa ngo-1902 ePSKOV, lapho nonkosikazi wakhe u-Ana kanye nezingane ezintathu ezivela eVyborg athuthela khona umthondo we-Omsk infontry regiment alexanderni.
E-PSKOV, kwakungekho mndeni omncane ePSKov: abanye abafana abathathu bangezwe kumadodakazi amabili nendodana, lapho kwakuyindawo yokuba yiProses. Kamuva, umlobi uzokubiza ngokuthi umndeni wakhe waba inselele, eqhoshayo, kodwa ebumnyameni bakhe futhi uyabonakala emzini wesifundazwe.
Ikhanda lomndeni laliyindoda enethalente, enesiphiwo somculo. EBarracks, lapho uZilber-Ophakeme avusana khona ne-orchestra, amabutho amabutho enze izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zosuku. Ngakho-ke ngenzalo yasendlini neyisithupha, njengoba ngangenzeka, waphathwa ngu-Anna Grigorievna, mama.
Njengomyeni, u-Ana wayengumculo onesizotha futhi ofundile. Ukuthweswa iziqu kweMoscow Conservatory kudlale i-Virtuoso epiyano futhi kwasindisa isabelomali somndeni se-Seal Family ngezifundo zomculo ezikhokhelwayo.
U-Anna Zilber-onobuhlakani, onobuhlakani obuhlelekile esifundazweni samakhonsathi abaculi abadumile. Ngibonga kuye ePSKOV, u-Vera Commissiomiskaya naseFyodor Shalyapin evakashelwe. Zonke izingane zazikwazi ukudlala amathuluzi ahlukene, funda kakhulu futhi ilukuluku lanikeza izingxoxo zabantu abadala abaxoxa ngezinto ezenzakalweni edolobheni noma ezweni.
UVeniamin omncane futhi ufuna kakhulu u-veriamitive ulalele izingxoxo zabafowethu kanye nabangane babo - abalobi besikhathi esizayo nososayensi uYuri Tynyanov, Agasti wendiza kanye ne-Mirone Garkavi.
Ngo-1912, uCaverin wangena endaweni yokuzivocavoca endaweni. Irisidi lalingelula kumfana: Kusukela ukuzalwa kwabaNuniman, wehlulekile ukuhlolwa kwe-arithmetic kabili. Iminyaka eyi-6 esetshenziswe ezindongeni ze-Gymnasium yakhunjulwa yimicimbi ekhanyayo.
Ubuntwana buphelile ebusika bango-1918, lapho amaJalimane engenapsov. Amaqabunga avela kwangempela. Intsha - Oqinisile, amaSeminariya, abafundi - baphikisana ngomsebenzi weMaxim Gorky, uLeonid Andreeva no-Alexander Kurin. U-Yury Tyanyanov wayeyigunya le-Young Caserin, eyathatha umkakhe kudadewethu u-Elena. UTynyanov wagxeka amavesi ezintwala ezinganeni aneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, yize aphawula i-syllable enhle. Ubengowokuqala ukweluleka ama-patwert ukubhala ipropawu.
Into yokufunda
Ngo-1919, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wahamba nomfowabo eMoscow, lapho kungekudala waba ngumfundi waseyunivesithi. Ngokuncoma kukaTynyanov ngo-1920, wadluliselwa eNyuvesi yenhloko-dolobha yasenyakatho nakuwo lowo nyaka wangena kwi-Institute of Ariental Ladages.
UVeniamin Kaverein wajwayela izimbongi, izigqi zakhe, wavakashela izingqungquthela, izinkulumo futhi, ekugcineni, ukukhombisa ukukhombisa amathalente: umncintiswano omenyezelwe yindlu yababhali, wafaka le ndaba "Eleventh Aximoma", lapho athola khona iprimiyamu. Indaba yombhali we-novice yaphawula i-gorky.
UVictor Shklovsky wethula umbhali omncane ku-extaryWealth Yezimali "Abazalwane baseSerpapiones", lapho i-Vsevolod Ivanov, uMikhail Zoshchenko, Konstantin Fetin.
"UMfoweth 'u-Alchemist", njengoba uKaverin ebizwa, wagxeka umlutha wesakhiwo kanye nothando ngokweqile kwisitayela. I-Bicheval Matrov ne-Uniamin: I-Ivan Turgenev ebizwa ngokuthi "isitha esingumbhalo esingu-Ivan: futhi yethule ukuthi" kusuka kubabhali baseRussia "abathanda kakhulu u-Ernst Hoffman noRobert Lewis Stevenson.
Ngo-1923, kwenzeke umcimbi owumhlaba wonke we-biography we-Creative BiographA ye-Prozaika young young: I-veniamin boavery yashicilelwa incwadi yokuqala yezindaba ngokumbiza "inkosi kanye nokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi". Umsebenzi kamunyu owalandela ubuqambi besango elisencane elibizwa ngokuthi umlingani "woqobo" ozakwabo.
UVeniamin Caveryarin, njengoba okuhle kakhulu kokukhululwa, ahlala eyunivesithi yesikole esiphakeme: isazi sezeziFilologist sakhanga ababhali baseRussia abaziwayo baseKhishi lokuqala leminyaka. Ngo-1929, wavikelwa esikhungweni sezobuciko. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1930, abalobi baqamba imidlalo eyayingeniswa empercoure yabaqondisi abavelele. I-Vsevolod Meyerhold yanikela ngokubambisana kwe-coibileeliin, kepha wenqaba, egxile emabuthweni ngawo namanoveli.
IKaverina yokuqala emithathu yavela lapho umbhali ephawula iminyaka engama-28. Kepha ngawo-1930, ipropari enethalente yabikwa umlobi, "umhambi esikanye naye" futhi osolwa ngokuthi "ngokomela" ukubuyiselwa kwezinhlekelele. " Ukumangalelwa okunjalo kuleyo minyaka bekufanele kube nokuphendula ukuze kungangeni emigodini yokungcwaziyi. UVeniamin Caserein weza ekuziqhenyeni futhi wabhala inoveli elithi "ukwenziwa kwezifiso." Le ncwadi yafundwa, kepha umbhali wabiza "yokusungula okubhaliwe".
Le noveli futhi ilandelwa "izinduna ezimbili" ezigciniwe u-Caverin kusukela ekuphekeni okumunyu kukaMfoweth 'uLion Zilberera, i-Acadomian, eyavakashela amakamu kathathu. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, le noveli yancoma uJoseph Stalin. Amakhekhe anikezwa umklomelo womholi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbhali wakwazi ukukhumbula iphathi, komsomol nombusi ngokwakhe kwinoveli. Incwadi isiphenduke umsebenzi odume kakhulu weprose.
Ngesikhathi sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, umlobi wavakashela eLeningrad Front kanye nasenyakatho yemikhumbi njengombhali we-Izvesti. Abanolwazi baboniswe ezincwadini, ukuqhubeka kwezinduna "ezimbili" zaphuma.
Ngo-1946, isinqumo seqembu mayelana "nenkanyezi" ne- "Leningrad" kwakhishwa, lapho u-Andrei Zhdanov abizwa ngokuthi uMikhail Zoshchenko no-Anna Akhmatov "Lake" kanye ne- "Bludnitsa". Owayengubangane wangaphambili, ahlangane e-OP, aphuthume ukuya ngaphesheya komgwaqo. Kepha isimo sengqondo salowo mngane wakudala waseduze, obizwa ngoZoshchenko, omunye wababhali abahle kakhulu. UVeniamin Caverin washiya i-Opel Collega, esiza imali.
Ngo-1947, umbhali wasuka uLeningrad wathuthela enhlokodolobha. Wayehlala ePeredelkino futhi wasebenza encwadini ethi "Open Open". Inoveli yokwakhiwa kwe-microbiology yakhishwa ngo-1948 futhi yathanda abafundi. Kepha abagxeki nozakwabo, abalobi bahlangana nencwadi ethi Crush Clirtism. Abalobi bokubuyekezwa okungu-14 nezihloko bamemezele inoveli enesimo sesakhiwo sezenhlalo esinobutha.
Ngo-1954, ku-2 Writer Congress, uVeniamin Kaverein wanxusa inkululeko yokuqamba futhi anikeze ukuhlolwa okulungile kwamagugu eMikhail Bulgakov noYuri Tynyanov noJuri Tynyanov noYuri Tynyanov noYuri Tynyanov. Ngo-1956, i- "Literary Mosco" Almanac yashicilelwa engu-2 ye- "Book Evulekile". Izikhathi zishintshile, ukuqhubeka kwenoveli kuhlangane ngokuzolile.
Ngawo-1960s, i-veniamin casherin "e-New World", iholwa ngu-Alexander TVardovsky, ishicilele izihloko lapho uZoshchenkosi azama khona ukuvuselela kabusha. Ngawo-1970, uvikele u-Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Ngo-1972, umshushisi wethula abafundi inoveli eqotho "phambi kwesibuko", kwathi ngo-1976 kunendaba "ekhanyiselwe amafasitela". Amagugu okudala eVenianeity Cavery futhi anezinganekwane ezinhle ze- "Verlle", "abaculi be-NEMUKHINSKY", "i-Hourglass".
Umlobi wawungeyena umhlaka, yize kungaphezu kwesibindi lapho evikela ozakwabo nge-Opal. Ukuhlolwa kobungozi kakhulu kwezikhundla nabalobi abanephutha ngaphansi kwalo banikezwe encwadini ye-Memoirs "Epilogue", ebhala "etafuleni" ngawo-1970. U-Alexey Tolstone, uValentin Katav, konstantin Simonov, bekungukugxekwa okunzima.
Ukushicilelwa kwe-epilogue ezweni akukwazanga ukukhuluma, kepha angifuni ukuphrinta ama-memoir phesheya. Unikeze lo mbhalo wesandla ekugcinweni kweVladimir Winvich exoshwe e-USSR. Incwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-1989 ezweni lakubo. UCaverin walinda ikhophi yesiginali.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1922, umlobi osemusha washada noLidiya uTynyanova, udadewabo womngane uYuri Tynyanov. Emshadweni ojabulayo futhi ohlala isikhathi eside, kwazalwa izingane ezimbili - uNikolai noNatalia.
Izingane azizange zilandele ezinyathelweni zabazali (uLydia Nikolaevna wabhala izingane) futhi wakhetha umuthi. Indodana nendodakazi yaba ngabaprofesa, bavikela odokotela.
Ukushona
UVeniamin Caverin wabhala kuze kufike izinsuku zokugcina zokuphila, kepha wonke amacebo awanaso isikhathi. Okokugcina, ukuvalelisa, incwadi imayelana noTynanov, ubungani nomuntu waseVeniamin Alexandrovich athwalwa ngayo ngempilo yakhe.
Umlobi ushone entwasahlobo yango-1989, ngiphile iminyaka engama-87. Ungcwabe umbhali 'wezinduna ezimbili' emathuneni amaVagankovsky.
I-Bibliography
- 1923 - "Amakhosi kanye Nabafundisi"
- 1925 - "Izingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye zesikhathi"
- 1925 - "Ukuphela kwe-Haza"
- 1928 - "Scondalist, noma kusihlwa eVasilyevsky Island"
- Ngo-1929 - "O. I. USenkovsky (Baron Brambus) "
- 1931 - "Umculi ongaziwa"
- 1934-1936 - "Ukubulawa Kwezifiso"
- Ngo-1938-1944 - "Amacala amabili"
- 1949-1956 - "Incwadi evulekile"
- 1957-1959 - "Umngani ongaziwa"
- 1960 - "ucezu lwengilazi"
- Ngo-1962 - "Ngabazimbili Abayisikhombisa Ongcolile"
- 1962 - "Imvula Yemvula"
- Ngo-1963-1964 - "Portrait kabili"
- 1972 - "Ngaphambi kwesibuko"
- 1978 - "Ukuhamba ngamagumbi amabili"
- 1983 - "Isayensi yokuhlukanisa"
Ukukhumbula
- Ukuhlonipha i-V. A. Kaverin, i-asteroid veniakaverin yaqanjwa ngegama (2458 veniakaverin)
- Itshe lesikhumbuzo senoveli "isikapuni sakubili" uCaptain "noGrigoriev - etholakala edolobheni lasePSKOV, esigcawini esiseduze komtapo wezincwadi wePSKOV wesifunda ogama lakhe ngo-V. A. Kaverin
- Indawo "yezinduna ezimbili" (Polyarny Murmansk esifundeni) iqanjwe ngegama elifanayo lamaRoma V. A. Kaverin