I-Biograge
Umbusi uTutankhamon waduma ngeqiniso lokuthi ukhansele izinguquko zombusi owedlule we-Ehnaton. Kodwa ukuvulwa kwamathuna akhe sekuphenduke umcimbi omuhle ngempela emlandweni we-aphula ubuthongo futhi wavula ikhethini lemfihlakalo ye-biography yakhe. Namuhla, Tutankhamon kubhekwa njengomunye wamaFaro odumile wempucuko yaseGibhithe yaseGibhithe.Impilo neBhodi Umlando
Tutankacton hekaunushchea NeCHAPPRORE - uFaro waseGibhithe lasendulo kusukela ubukhosi beminyaka yobusuku obungu-18, obuphethwe ngo-1332-1323 kule nkathi yethu. Ukhuphukele emoyeni wehlelo lwelanga lika-Aton, kodwa ngemuva kokukhanselwa kwakhe kwathatha igama elithi Tutankhamam.
Kukholelwa ukuthi unguFaro wokugcina wobukhosi, onokuxhumana okuhlobene nalowo owandulelayo. Njengoba kwakungekho mininingwane eqondile ephathelene nemvelaphi, izazi zaseGibhithe zabeka phambili ama-hypotheses amabili. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi uTutankhamon wayeyindodana ka-Ehnathon kusukela kumfazi wesibili kie. Futhi abanye bendodana ka-Amenhotep III kanye nomfowabo omncane we-Ehnaton.
UTutankhamon uzoya esihlalweni sobukhosi nomfana omncane, eneminyaka engu-8-9. Ngaphansi kweqiniso, iBhodi ladlula labafundisi ababili kanye nentela - u-Aeie neHoramheebu. Owokuqala wabhekwa njengoMpumalanga Ophakeme, kodwa ngaphansi kwesiTutankhamon waba umpristi ka-Amoni. Okwesibili kwakuyimpi, akazange aneliseke iqiniso lokuthi, ngenxa yenqubomgomo yomkhumbi, i-Ehnaton Egypt elahlekile empumalanga yeMeditheranean.
Phambilini, u-Aeie noHoriable bathathwa njengengane yabangane be-Ehnaton. Kepha ngemuva kokufa koFaro wangaphambili, zonke izimfundiso zakhaphela i-Anahema, okungukuthi, bazama ukuqothula. Inhloko-dolobha kaFaro u-Ehnathon yabhujiswa futhi yakhashelwa ukungabanjwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi kweTutankhamon, inhloko-dolobha ibuyiselwa ekusikeni, ngokweqiniso lokuthi uFaro wabamba iningi likahulumeni eMemphis.
UTutankhamon washada no-Anhasenpaton, amadodakazi ka-Ehnaton, lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba nomkhwenyana wombusi. Ngaziphi izizathu ezenziwe inyunyana azikaziwa, kanye nobudlelwano babo. Kamuva, lo mfazi wathatha isikhundla sokuphela kwegama lakhe waqala ukubizwa nge-Ambestanam, okusho ukuthi "impilo yakhe ingeka-Amoni."
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweTutankhamon, ezinye izinguquko zenzekile. Kukhona ukuvuselelwa kwamasiko aseGibhithe kanye nokubuya kokwelashwa kwe-FVA kokulawula izwe. Abomdabu abavela engxenyeni yezempi neyaphakathi yombusi owedlule bagcina ithonya labo ezindabeni zoMbuso. Ngakho-ke, abapristi kanye nezempi bahlangana ngokuphepha enkantolo.
NgeTutankhamon, ukubuyiselwa kwezinto ezazilahliwe zabazani bangaphambilini bobabili eGibhithe naseKhosha. Isibonelo, amathempeli emhumeni naseFaras.
Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwehlelo lonkulunkulu abadala, uTutankhamon akazange aphoqelele inkolo ka-Aton. Ngonyaka wesi-9 wokubusa kwethempeli likaFaro lelanga kungumnikazi walo. Umdwebo welanga no-Ehnaton ugcinwe ungathintwa, futhi umbusi kwesinye isikhathi ubabiza ngokuthi "indodana Athoni."
Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokubuyisela, ngemiyalo kaFaro ethempelini le-Luxuor, ukuqeda ikoloni lokucubungula kwaqedwa. Futhi, ngenxa yeTutankhamon, ithempeli likaKhoroni lakhiwa eGiza, naseNibii - kwaqedwa amathempeli amakhulu avela kwa-Amenhotep II.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kokugubha iminyaka engu-9 kuhulumeni, uFaro woMbuso omusha wafa esemncane kakhulu, uma uqhathaniswa nabanye - eminyakeni eyi-18 noma engu-19. Ukufa kokuqala okunjalo kwakubhekwa njengemvelo, kwabeka phambili umcabango wokuthi umbusi wabulawa. Kepha uTutankhamon washona, wathinteka kulesi sifo.
Izazi-mlando zisikisela ukuthi uFaro wawela enqoleni futhi wabulawa yizinkinga - umlenze ovulekile wemilenze. NgoMashi 8, 2005, isazi seGibhithe Caahhi Hagaps, owahola ucwaningo, kwamenyezelwa imiphumela yocwaningo lweMummy. Kwakungekho iminonjana yokulimala kwe-cranial, futhi kwakungekho rush ekhanda - umphumela wezenzo zabapristi - paraschitis. Imiphumela yocwaningo iphikisile futhi i-scoliosis enzima.
I-Skull Pharaoh iphakeme kakhulu, eqinisekisa ubudlelwano obuhlobene ne-Ehnaton futhi buphikisana neziphetho ngokuba khona kwe-MASFAN's Syndrome. Ngemuva kokubamba imihlangano nozakwabo aqhamuka kwamanye amazwe, abacwaningi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi imbangela yokufa kweTutankhamon iyi-gangrene ethuthukayo ngenxa yokuqhekeka. Njengoba ubufakazi bungonakalise kakhulu kwithambo lensizwa yabesifazane. Bekulokhu kukholelwa ukuthi lesi sici sihlotshaniswa nesikhalo sabahlanganyeli be-Intepter of the ahendi, abayitholile ithuna.
Ukuvula amathuna
I-Tutankhamon's Tomb (KV62 into) itholakala "esigodini samakhosi", eduze ne-FIV. Leli ukuphela kwethuna elicishe likhona, elifinyelele ososayensi abakhona manje ngesimo salo sokuqala, naphezu kwale mizamo emibili yokuvula amasela asetshenziswayo.
Umngcwabo watholwa ngo-1922 ngabacwaningi ababili abangamaNgisi - Ummeli waseHoward neNkosi Carnarvon. Kwezazi-mlando, uTutankhamon wasala umlingiswa ongaziwa nowesibili, waze watholakala ethuneni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye babekholelwa ukuthi uTutankhamon wayengekho nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvulwa kwethuna lakhe kwakunguMkhulu ku-Archaeology. Ngempela, ngesikhathi sokubusa, uTutankhamon akazange afeze lutho oluvelele, ngaphandle kokulahlwa kwe-athonism.
Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba 1922, kwasuswa umnyango wethuna, ukunyatheshwa kuleminyango kuhlala kuqinile. Leli qiniso ligxiliswe kwabavubukuli banethemba lokuvulwa kwabakhulu kwalelikhulu leminyaka. Abaphenyi ababili abavule ithuna babenethuba lokwehla ngowokuqala kuye.
Phakathi kwezitsha nezinto ezingcwatshwe nombusi, kwatholakala ingcebo yangempela - izinto zobuciko ezithwala ithonya lesikhathi se-amarn. Lapho-ke ithuna likaFaro selijabulise ngokwengeziwe, nokutholwa kwalo kwakha igama likaTutankhamon kahle.
Ethuneni uthole ubucwebe obuningi noSarcophagus noMumia Faro. Imaski yokungcwaba yeGolide igcinwe kahle. Namuhla, kuyinani elikhulu le-Cairo Museum, lapho ungenza isithombe ngale ndaba yasendulo. Imaski yaseGibhithe ifaka inhlonipho enkulu.
Kepha izingane zombusi, kwatholakala amamaki amadodakazi amabili ethuneni laseTutankhamon, owafa ebuntwaneni. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izingane sezizelwe zifile. Ayikho imininingwane mayelana nezinye izindlalifa zikaFaro. Ukufa kwezingane kungenzeka kube umphumela wegazi isikhathi eside, okwakuyimbangela yokuqothulwa okugcwele kobukhosi.
Izinganekwane nesiqalekiso
Umbono ovamile maqondana nokufa kwalabo ababambe iqhaza abahlanganyeli bakhona ukuba khona kwe-fungal kanye ama-microorganisms ethuneni. Ukwebiwa okuxhaswa ngemali ekopendiselwe uGeorge Karnarvon, owashona ngo-Ephreli 5, 1923 eChairo Hotel Continental Continental. Umcwaningi wayegula ngokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Kepha izindaba zithambekele ngokushesha lokhu kufa kube yimfihlakalo. Abanye abameleli bakwaMeshishi bathi uKarnarvon ushone ngenxa "yokutheleleka kwegazi kusuka ekulimaleni kwe-razor" noma "ukulunywa okungaqondakali komiyane."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintatheli zivame ukufudumeza amahemuhemu ahlobene "nesiqalekiso sikaFaro". Kuthiwa kwaholela ekufeni kwabatholayo ithuna. Kwakukhona "izisulu" ezingama-22, eziyi-13 zazo ezazihanjelwe ngokuvula umngcwabo.
Kodwa-ke, amaqiniso asikisela ukuthi "ubufakazi" babunjiwe ukufeza umuzwa. Abaphenyi abaningi abavela eqenjini leCarter bafinyelele eminyakeni yobudala. Umgcini uqobo wafela owokugcina weqembu lapho eneminyaka engama-66 ubudala.
Ukukhumbula
Ezincwadini zobuciko
- IPeripetia yoshintsho lwamandla asuka e-Ehnaton kuya kuHoramechek ichazwa ku-Trilogy of Gerald Messadier "Iziphepho eNayile".
- Encwadini ethi "Umthunzi kaFaro" wombhali weSantiago Morata Tutanhamon uthuli othandweni ngokuthandana naye ongitholile uNefertiti.
- Iqhawe eliyinhloko lenoveli kaDmitry Merezhkovsky "ukuzalwa konkulunkulu. Tutankamon eCrete. "
- Moiseva Clara. "Indodakazi ka-Ehnon"
E-cinema
- I-mini-yaseCanada-American mini-chungechunge yamafilimu amathathu "lapha" (2015) isuselwa empilweni yeGibhithe uFaro Tutanhamon. Indima kaFaro endala yagcwalisa umlingisi u-Evan Jogia.
- Umlando wokubambisana kwe-Egypy Egyplignal Howard Carter kanye neNkosi Carnarvon, oholele ekuvulekeni kwethuna laseTutankhamon, wawususelwa esakhiweni sochungechunge lwe-mini-series Tutanhamon (2016).
- Indaba ephathelene neTomb yaseTutankhamon itshelwa ochungechungeni lokuqala lochungechunge "IziKronike zeBoung Indiana Jones".
- I-Nathin / Tutanhamchik - ikhathuni ngoFaro.