I-Biograge
UPeter Paul Rubens ungumuntu onobuhlakani obukhulu kunabo bonke besikhathi sakhe. Igama lakhe lilungiswe umlando wobuciko. Umculi onencwadi eyinhlokodolobha, njengoba wazi, futhi wayengumuntu omuhle kakhulu: muhle, uhlakaniphile, unamandla futhi uyazethemba. Umculi owayengangabazi umsebenzi wakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
UPeter Rubens wazalwa ngoJuni 28 ngo-1577 edolobheni laseJalimane laseSiegen. Yize kuphakama ezinye izingxabano kusukela ngosuku lokuzalwa: I-biography yomculi ibhalwe kabusha. Umndeni wakhe wasuka eBelgium waya eJalimane ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango nokwethuka kumaProthestani eNetherlands.
Uyise womculi, uJan Rubens, wayeyijaji ledolobha eBelgian Antwerp kuze kube ngu-1568. Unkosikazi kaMaria Paipelinks ulethe izingane ezine. Wonke umndeni wawuseJalimane, futhi ngalesi sikhathi kwakusekhona ezinye izingane ezintathu. Phakathi kwazo kwakunguPeter Rubens.
Iminyaka eyishumi nanye yokuqala ukupenda izingane yenzeka eCologne. Ubaba waqhubeka esebenza njengommeli, umama - ukufundisa izingane. Ukuzinza okujwayelekile kwanyakaziswa lapho inhloko evelele futhi ecebile yomndeni ingena ebudlelwaneni nomka-Wilhelm Orange, u-Ana.
Emva kwalokho, uJan Rubens waphucwa impahla kanye nelungelo lokusebenza ngummeli, kanti uMariya kwadingeka ukuthi ahwebe imifino emakethe eyokondla izingane. Kusuka kuma-cologne rubens, kanye nonkosikazi wakhe kanye nenzalo, kwathunyelwa ku-Siegen ngo-1573.
Ngo-1587, uJan Rubens wabulawa ngokugula. Ngasikhathi sinye, uPaipelinks walahlekelwa yizingane eziningana. Umfelokazi uRubens wamukela ubuKatolika futhi wabuyela ezweni lakubo e-Antwerp. Izingane ziye esikoleni saseLatin.
Ngaleso sikhathi, izinguquko zenzeka edolobheni. Kwaba akunakwenzeka ukuqhubeka nokuzibandakanya ekuhwebeni ngenxa yemizila yolwandle oluvaliwe. Ngamunye wabantwana bamaRubens kwakuwukuthola indawo yabo empilweni. Amantombazane aba abafazi ababi kakhulu abayeni. Omunye wamadodana, uFiliphu, wangena ezinyathelweni zikaBaba, efunda ngommeli. UPerenid Jan Baptist wenza ngokupenda.
Ukupenda
Ngekhulu le-16, kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu kubuciko bezobuciko. I-Flemish yasungulwa ngopende wokudweba, ntofontofo futhi isebenze. Kususelwa kwifilakisi kawoyela. Ingeze ukukhanya kokupenda nokukhulisa isikhathi sokumisa. Imidwebo yaqala ukujula, futhi umsebenzi waphenduka injabulo ephansi.
UPeter Pawula wasebuntwaneni waheha ubuciko. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-14, wafunda ubuciko kubaculi bendawo. Izisekelo ze-painter yesikhathi esizayo zihlanganiswe nezazi ze-warhaht, ezazihlotshaniswa naye ubudlelwano.
Inkosi yesibili empilweni yeRubens yayingesinye isihlobo: U-Adamu Vave North. UPitrosi uPaul wayehlose ukuba nolwazi kumculi odumile, engatholakali ngenkathi esebenza nge-warhaht. Umfundi oneminyaka emine wasebenza ngaphansi kokugadwa kweNorta. Ngalesi sikhathi, uPetru osemusha ungene engene emkhathini weFlemish. Kamuva kwamthinta umsebenzi wakhe.
Ngo-1595, isiteji esisha siqala emisebenzini kaPeter Rubens. Uthisha olandelayo uba yi-Otto van Veshumi (ngaleso sikhathi omunye wabaculi abanethonya kakhulu). Ubizwa ngokuthi umsunguli wendlela kanye nomeluleki oyinhloko weRubens, ithalente lakhe elithola ubuso obusha ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
UPeter Paul Rubens akazange abhale ngendlela ye-veane, noma ngabe isitayela sakhe futhi enethonya elikhulu ekubukezweni komhlaba. Umeluleki usephenduke isibonelo se-multifaceted nemfundo. Eminyakeni yezingane, ama-rubens welulele ulwazi, izilimi ezifundwe (eziphethwe mahhala izilimi eziyisithupha) nezinhlaka zosizo lwabantu.
Izifundo zika-Otto van Veen Jerus zithathe kuze kube ngu-1599, bese kuba sesimweni esisemthethweni 'somculi wamahhala' ngo-1600 saya e-Italy ukwenza ngcono ikhono futhi sincome umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity futhi afune umsebenzi we-antiquity.
Ngaleso sikhathi, umdwebi wawuneminyaka engama-23 ubudala, kodwa wayesevele ebhala ngesandla sakhe, ngenxa yokuthi amaRubens aseTetersburg amenyelwa ukuba akhonze eVincenzo Gonzaga, umbusi waseMantu. UDuke wayethanda ubuciko be-antique, wayezithanda izithombe zeRenaissance. URubens wayevame ukubhala amakhophi.
Iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, uPetru Paul wachitha inkantolo yaseGonzhag egcekeni. Kukholakala ukuthi insizakalo isinqumweni esiyimpumelelo kumculi, ngoba amandla esonto ngaleso sikhathi aqala ukuphikisana nokuhlubuka emibhalweni yabadwebi banamuhla.
Ngesikhathi esichithwa e-Italy, umdwebi osemncane wahambela eRoma, eMadrid, uVenice, uFlorence. Wenza imiyalo yemvelo yezombusazwe.
Ngo-1608, uRubens waphuthuma wabuyela e-Antwerp, efunda ngokufa kukamama. Akazange ahlele ukubuyela e-Italy: Ukulahleka kwabonakala kunzima kangangokuba umculi ucabanga ngokushiya isigodlo sezindela. Kepha uPhetro akakwazanga ukushiya umdwebo. Ngaphezu kwemiyalo eminingi evela eCingial Comty, wathola isicelo sokusebenza enkantolo ka-EartzgezzOg Albert.
E-Antwerp, umdwebi waba ngomunye wabathandwayo. Wazama ukuphatha ukufeza ama-oda e-Ersgertzog, upende umdwebo wesonto kanye nokubhala imidwebo yamakhulu abanye abahlali bedolobha. Ngo-1618, ubuciko obusezingeni eliphezulu "ubumbano lomhlaba namanzi" kwavela. Yayibiza ithonya labadwebi base-Italy ngesitayela sobuhlungu. Kukholakala ukuthi umbono oyinhloko we-canva kwakuwubumbano lwe-antwerp kanye nomfula iShelda.
Ivolumu yama-oda selikhuthele kakhulu, futhi uPeter Paul uvule owakhe umhlangano wokusebenzela. Manje yena, wake waba ngumfundi okhuthele, wabelana ngolwazi oluncane (emlandweni, kwakukhona amagama anjengama-jordan jordan, eFrance Sniders). Abafundi benza ama-oda amaningi ezakhamizi. Ekugcineni lokhu kwaba uhlelo olucatshangwe kahle, isikole sezobuciko.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-1620 Omunye umsebenzi wobuciko uvela, phezulu komsebenzi weRubens - Perseus no-Andromeda, icebo lawo lihlotshaniswa nenganekwane yasendulo, lapho uPeter Paul wamhlaba umxhwele khona.
Eduze kuka-1630 uPeter Rubens ukhathele indlela yokuphila egcwele. Isikhathi esithile wahlala edwaleni, wakha esinye isithombe esinobuhlakani. "Igceke ezintathu" kanye "nenkantolo yaseParis" ingumfanekiso womlobi wawo. AmaRubens ahlala eheha ubuhle nobuhle bomzimba wabesifazane wevolumu
"USusanna nabadala" baba yi-Classic Paintish Paint. Isakhiwo sabhekana neTestamente Elidala. Imidwebo ye-Rubens eyamakati ihlanganiswe nemiBhalo ("Isidlo sakusihlwa sokugcina", uSamson noDalila), yize umsebenzi wakhe uhlanganisa enye indawo yempilo - ekhanyayo, enzima, eyisimanga. Akuwona wonke amaphethini esonto adala ukuvunyelwa. Enye yalezi "ukuphakamisa ukuphamba". Wayebhekwa njengephikisana kakhulu.
"Ukushaywa kwabangenacala" kubonisa lesi sigameko esiseBhayibhelini, lapho uHerode ebeka izingane, wesaba ukuza kukaJesu. Abalaleli bama-Biographi ukuthi lo msebenzi uthandane nomlobi ngaphezu kwanoma ngubani omunye.
Lesinye isikhumbuzo se-Baroque Era yi- "jellyfish" ethusayo. Ukusabela kwabezikhathi ezikulesi sithombe kuthathe isinqumo esilindelwe nguPeter Rubens. Abantu besatshiswa ukufiphala kobuhlakani bomsebenzi. Umculi wayenganaki ezindabeni zezepolitiki ze-antwerp.
Ubuhlakani bakhe sekuyisikhathi eside buhlotshaniswe nezepolitiki, kufaka phakathi "iMedusa", izakhamizi zasendaweni ezithathwa njengesibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso.
UPeter Paul Rubens, ngenxa yemidwebo namakhono obuzonke, okwazile ukufeza ukuthula phakathi kweMadrid neLondon. Umdwebi waphupha ngokuthonya inkambo yempi ezweni lakubo, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki. Ngemuva kohambo oluningi, imbongolo eneminyaka engama-50 ubudala e-rubens e-Antwerp ekugcineni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngemuva kokubuya e-Italy, uRubens wathatha u-Izabella Branta, indodakazi eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala.
Umshado wawususelwa ekubalweni, yize le ntombazane encane yayizungezwe ukunakekelwa nokunakwa kwamaRube amarube. Unkosikazi wokuqala wabeletha uPeter Paul Parn. Ngo-1630, wafa ngokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Eminyakeni engu-50, uPeter Rubens washada futhi. U-Elena Furman oneminyaka engu-16 uluthando lokugcina lomculi, imnyuziyamu yakhe eyinhloko, umama wezingane ezinhlanu.
Ukushona
Ngo-1640 Peter Paul Rubens wagula. Ngenxa yeminyaka, umdwebi wahluleka ukululama kulesi sifo. Abadwebi be-Flemish bashona ngoMeyi 30 eduze kwezingane kanye nonkosikazi wakhe amthandayo u-Elena.Ukusebenza
- 1610 - "Ukuphakanyiswa kwesiphambano"
- 1610 - "USamson noDalila"
- 1612 - "Ukushaya Omsulwa"
- 1612 - "Ukushaya Omsulwa"
- 1614 - "Ukususa esiphambanweni"
- 1616 - "I-Hummer Hummet neCrocodile"
- 1618 - "Ukuthumba Kwamadodakazi KaLevippa"
- 1626 - "Ukucatshangelwa KweNkomba Ebusisekile Ebusisiwe"
- 1629 - "U-Adamu no-Eva"
- 1639 - "Inkantolo yaseParis"