I-Biograge
UBoris Nikolayevich Livanov wayengumdwebi ovela kuNkulunkulu. Umfundi owuthandayo weStanislavsky, elinye lamaLaureatures okuqala omklomelo we-stalin, umnikazi wendlela ecashile kanye ne- "canno veli"."Unethalente eline," uNemirovich-Dachenko wakhuluma ngeLivanova.Ubuntwana nentsha
UBoris Livanov wazalelwa eMoscow ngoMeyi 8, 1904. Ubaba uNikolai Alexandrovich Livanov wakhuluma ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym enhle yeNyuvesi. Ebusheni bakhe, wayengumlingisi wezinkundla zemidlalo yasemashaneni ezifundazwe, kusukela ngo-1905 wawenza esigabeni semidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow. Ngo-1947, uNicholas wake wabeka isihloko somculi ohlonishwayo we-RSFSR.
Umama wesikhathi esizayo umlingisi wesikhathi esizayo nguNadezhda Sergeyevna Schutinskaya-Livanova. UBoris wayenodadewethu u-Irina, kamuva owaba umlingisi we-operetta. Le ntombazane yaphumelela emidlalweni yezemidlalo yomculo ka-Irkutsk, eSverdlovsk neRostov.
E-16, uBoris wasuka ukuyokhonza, kepha waxoshwa lapho iminyaka yangempela yensizwa yaphenduka. Kusukela ngo-1922 kuya ku-1924 wafunda esitudiyo sesine studio N. V. Demidov. Ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, umlingisi wamukelwa e-Moscow Art Academic Theatre.
Enye yezindima zokuqala kwakuwumfanekiso wePrince Shakhovssky ekudlaleni "FORAR FODOR". Iminyaka yokuqala kaBoris ibandakanyeka ekukhiqizweni kwe- "Othello", "emasangweni embuso" nakwabanye. Kakade ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-30s, waba ngumlingisi ophambili mkat, wadlala izindima eziyinhloko "ngosuku lobuhlanya, noma umshado woMfanekiso", "Imiphefumulo efile".
Amathikithi okusebenza ngeLabanov athengwe emahoreni okuqala okuthengisa, izixuku zeKaralyli Boris Kauleley ekuphumeni kweMKAT. Umlingisi wamenzela inkolo yobuntu, ekhaliphile futhi enethalente. Ikhwalithi eyinhloko yabagxeki bakaLivanov kanye nabaqondisi ababhekele ukunemba - isithombe esidalwa ngasinye sasifana nokuthi "sithungelwe" ku-Boris.
I-Livananova ingabizwa ngokuthi i-pet stalin - umholi uSiden Boris oda nezihloko. Umlingisi wayenamaprimiyamu amahlanu aqinile. Isibalo bekungelona irekhodi, ngokwesibonelo, umklami wezindiza uSergey Ilseshin uthole umvuzo amahlandla ayisikhombisa, kodwa kusuka kubalingisi uJoseph VissarionOVich, baphawula abaningi.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngolunye usuku, uStalin wavimbela ukudlala nge-livanova - "Hamlet", lapho uBoris enza khona emfanekisweni womlingiswa ophambili. Ukwahlulela ngezinkumbulo, kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi uLivanov akazange abe neqembu.
Amafilimu
I-Creative Biography ku-cinema yaqala ngo-1924 ngetheyipu emfushane yoMqondisi uYuri Zhelovabogo "Morozko". Ngo-1927, uBoris ubeke inkanyezi endimeni kaNgqongqoshe uTereshchenko ku-Art Film Film S. Eisenstein "ngo-Okthoba", itheyiphu ibhekwa njengowokuqala efilimu yaseSoviet.
Udumo lukaLivanova lwaletha indima enkulu ekuhlolweni kwendaba yegama elilodwa "Dubrovsky", ekhishwe ngo-1936. UBoris wakwazi ukubhekisisa i-boris Indima yamadoda adumile amaRussia, isikhulu uPotemkin ethepheni "Admiral Ushakov", umkhuzi Rudnev ku- "Cruiser Rudnev".
Ngo-1945, ifilimu lobuciko "ngaphandle kwecala likaso leso siso" egameni elifanayo lenguqulo efanayo yegama elifanayo kwakhishwa kulezi zikrini, lapho uLebanon agcwalisa khona iqhaza le-Grigory Grigolory Morlovich. Umlingisi odumile u-Alla Tarasova, uVictor Stalitsan, u-Olga Vikilante nabanye baba ngabalingani beqembu lefilimu leBoris.
I-Livanov ehlukaniswe ngokungafanele hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinhlamvu ezingezinhle. Isithombe esikhanyayo somuntu oMhlophe General Mamontov e-Oleko Dundic - Indima incane, kepha enye yezikhathi ezikhumbulekayo esithombeni.
Kuma-50s, uBoris Livanov wazama yena njengomqondisi: Esigabeni sendabuko yakhe uMkhat, umdlalo "wasolwandle" wabekwa endaweni yesehlakalo. Ngo-1970, kwathiwa uBoris wathatha isikhundla senhloko yeNhloko yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow arekhoda ngemuva kweChekhov, kodwa i-Troupe elandela iLivanova yafuna ukuba abaphathi abaphakeme bathathe isikhundla sika-Oleg Efreemov. UBoris ukhathazekile kakhulu lo mcimbi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi kaBoris Livanova, u-Evgeny Kazimirovna, ngobuzwe besigxobo, omunye wabahle bokuqala baseMoscow. Emshadweni wakhe wokuqala noNtaliyane, indodakazi yakhe uNatalia wakhula, kusukela emshadweni noLivanov - indodana vasily. Lesi sakamuva sakhumbula ukuthi abazali bavame ukuba nomona: Umama ngeqiniso lokuthi umyeni wakhe odumile, ubaba - ukuthi wayenomfazi omuhle.
Abalingani besikhathi esizayo bajwayelana nasekudleni ngemuva kokusebenza ngokubamba iqhaza kweLivanov. Indodana kaVasily ilandisa ngezinkumbulo zabangane bakaBoris: ngaphambi komhlangano nomama, ubaba washada kaningi - cishe kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ngemuva kokuhlangana "yisiphetho" esilandelayo, aqinisekise abanye ukuthi uthando lukhona kuze kube phakade. Kepha ubudlelwane obungathi sína bakwazi ukwakha i-Eugene kuphela. Ukuhlala ndawonye umbhangqwana waqala ngo-1934, wabalwa ikota ngemuva kwekhulu leminyaka.
Lo mndeni wawunobungane, indlu ihlala ifika izivakashi, imvamisa - idume: UBoris Pasternak, umculi uPeter Konchalovsky. Indodana kaBoris, uVasily Livanov, yaqhubeka nobukhosi, iba ngumlingisi odumile waseRussia kanye nomlingisi we-movie. Ubaba akazange asisekele isifiso seNdodana ukuba silandele ezinyathelweni zakhe. UBoris wayesaba umndeni we-Inertia: umkhululi umlingisi, umlingisi ongubaba. ILebanon-SR. Bekukhathazekile ukuthi ngamakhono anele.
Kodwa-ke, u-Livanov-Senider ukhathazekile. Ngo-1979, i-premiere yethemu yethelevishini yomseshi "Sherlock Holmes noDkt Watson: Ukwazana kwakhululwa kwizikrini. Ngemuva kwale ndima, wavuka ngoVasily. Phambilini, ngo-1960, ubaba nendodana basebenza ngakunye kwifilimu "umculi oyimpumputhe".
Omunye wabazukulu bomculi babantu be-USSR waqanjwa umkhulu kaBoris odumile. Uvele eminyakeni emi-2 ngemuva kokushona kukaLivanova-mdala. Ngo-2009, kwenzeka inhlekelele emndenini: umzukulu kaLivanan wasolwa ngokubulala. Abazali bakwazile bathola i-athikili ethambile, i-boris yathola iminyaka eyi-8 koloni.
Ngo-2014, umzukulu kaBoris Livanov wadedelwa ngoshwele. Ngo-2017, abezindaba babona ukuthi isiboshwa sangaphambili sihlose ukushada nomlingisi uMariya Bluebina. New 2018 bagubhe ndawonye, noma ngabe lo mbhangqwana uhlangana manje - akwaziwa.
Ukushona
UBoris Livanov ushone ngoSepthemba 22, 1972 (ngokweminye imininingwane - ngo-Okthoba 23 wonyaka ofanayo), imbangela yokufa iyahluleka kwenhliziyo.
Wangcwatshwa engxenyeni yesi-2 yeNovodevichy Cemetery. Endlini yeNombolo 6, iTverskaya Street, lapho umdlali ahlala khona kusukela ngo-1938, kwafakwa i-plaque yesikhumbuzo.
Izics
- 1924 - "Morozko"
- 1927 - "Okthoba"
- Ngo-1934 - "Impilo yangasese Peter Vinogradova"
- 1935 - "Dubrovsky"
- Ngo-1939 - "Minin and Pozharsky"
- 1946 - "Glinka"
- Ngo-1946 - "Hlukanisa i-Cruiser"
- 1949 - "Drop Berlin"
- 1953 - "I-Admiral Ushakov"
- 1955 - "UMikhailo Lomonosov"
- 1958 - "UCaptain wesikhundla sokuqala"
- 1960 - "Umculi Ompumputhe"
- 1970 - "Kremlin Quararti"