I-Biograge
Ukubusa kokubuswa koHulumeni odumile kaMary Teresia kwathathwa njengomunye wabaphawule kakhulu emlandweni waseYurophu. Owesifazane uhlanganise ngekhono ukuphathwa kwezindawo ezinkulu kanye nokukhuliswa kwezingane eziyi-16.Ubuntwana nentsha
Indodakazi endala kunazo zonke u-Elizabeth Christina Braunscheig-Tungsten kanye noMbusi uCharles Vristina u-Amalia Kristina wazalwa ngoMeyi 13, 1717 edolobheni laseVienna. Lapho izalwa, amazwi okudumala kayise waphuma:
"Le yintombazane nje."Ingane yentombazane yayingaziwa yimicimbi, inkosazana yayingumthunzi kayise. Ngokubambisana nomndeni, uMaria Teresia wachitha ubusika bonyaka esigodlweni saseHofburg, eVienna, izinyanga zasentwasahlobo - ehlobo lentombazane lenzeke esigodlweni intandokazi.
Ukuvela okucacile kwentombazane ebizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kothisha. Ukukhuliswa kukaMariya Teresia kwanikezwa ama-Jesuits. Wafundiswa izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, kufaka phakathi isiLatini, umlando, ubuciko, ubuhlakani bomhlaba kanye nomthetho kaNkulunkulu. Futhi, le ntombazane yathatha izifundo zomculo kanye nokudansa. Ngokumangazayo inkosazana ethathale ingakhuluma kalula ngesiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane naseSpain.
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wabhekwa njengomunye wobuhle bokuqala walesosikhathi. UMaria Teresia wahlukaniswa ngokuzikhandla, intombazane yasukuma nsuku zonke ekuseni. Wayenolaka olungafanele, angathukuthela ngokushesha futhi azolile ngokushesha. UMaria Teresia wayenayo yonke imininingwane yokuzinikela nokuhlonipha izifundo: ubukhulu kanye nesipho segama.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, uMaria Teresia wamukelwa ngamakhosi aseFrance, amaNgisi nasePrussian, kanye nokugcizelela kweRussia, i-Folistance, i-Fonisitato. Ubaba akakwazanga ukukhathazeka ngesiphetho sendodakazi yakhe.
UPrincess wathola imfundo yabesilisa, eyayilungiselela intombazane ukuphatha izwe. Ekuzuzeni iminyaka eyi-14, uMaria Teresia usenelungelo lokuya emihlanganweni yoMkhandlu Wombuso.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Intombazane ehlakaniphile yazungeza izimbimela eziningi ezingqubuzani. Ukukhethwa kweKarl VI kumiswa eNdodaneni yesikhulu seLaring, igama eligcwele lawo uFranz Stefan Larring. Ngo-1724, wafika egcekeni lase-Austrian ukuqeda imfundo futhi athole amakhono adingekayo.Ubaba kaMary Teresia wamkhulisa njengendodana yakhe yendabuko: wamfundisa ukuzingela kwakhe, wathatha naye waya kumabhola. IFrance ivumile ukubona ukutholwa kwe-Pragmatic kuphela ngokushintshana nge-Duchy of Larring. UFranz wenqabile ilungelo le nsimu ukuze umshado noMaria Teresia.
NgoFebhuwari 12, 1736, kwaqedwa inyunyana esemthethweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngo-Eva womshado, lo mbhangqwana waphoqeleka ukuba uthembise ukuthi ngeke afake ifa uma uKarl VI abezoba nendodana. Lo mzuzu ubuye wabhekwa ukuthi uMaria noFranz badonsela ifa, uma indodana yabo bengaze izalwe ebunyeni bayo, noMary Anna, udadewethu omncane, uzoba yindlalifa yowesilisa.
Iminyaka yokuqala yomshado yasibekela impi engaphumelelanga neTurkey, eyathatha kusukela ngo-1737 kuya ku-1739. UMariry Teresia wanqotshwa umkhuzi webutho laseHabsburg. Noma kunjalo, uhulumeni wayenomndeni ohlanganayo. Ngemuva kwayo yonke inganebele, uMaria uthe:
"Izingane azikaze zenze ngokwanele."Ingane yokuqala izovela ngemuva konyaka wokuhlala ndawonye, lezi zingane ezilandelayo zizalwa zinekhefu kusuka eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwele-2, kuze kufike ku-1756. UMariya waba nezingane eziyi-16: amantombazane ayi-11 nabafana abangu-5.
Imfundo nemfundo yengane ngayinye uMaria Teresia kwanakwa okuhlukile. Ithuthukise ikharikhulamu ekhethekile, kubandakanya nemidanso nemikhiqizo yaseshashalazini. Futhi izingane zipendiwe, zifundwe izindaba, imibhalo, izibalo nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Kumantombazane afundisa ubuciko bokwenza ingxoxo kanye nekhono.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Intokozo ye-Sereteble yahlala isikhathi eside, uKarl VI ushone ngo-1740. Ngenxa yalokho, uMaria Teresia eneminyaka engu-24 waphoqeleka ukuba akhuphukele esihlalweni sobukhosi sase-Austrian. Ngalesi sikhathi, wayekade engunina amahlandla amathathu futhi wakhulelwa. Umsebenzi wokulawula umbuso, manje owama phambi kukaMaria, wayengekho emaphashini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imingcele ngaleso sikhathi yayihlanganisa i-Austria, iCzech Republic, iHungary, eSoutherlands nomhlaba e-Italy.
I-coronation yabanjwa ngoJuni 25, 1741 eCathedral yaseSt. Martin, eyenziwe ngesitayela se-Gothic, edolobheni lasePurburg (manje - iBratislava). Ngo-1745, oshade naye wagcotshwa ngaphansi kwegama uFranz I, futhi intokazi iba yi-Austria express.
UMaria Teresia wahlangana ngokushesha ubuso nobuso nabafaka izicelo abaningi befa lika-Austria, ababengafuni ukumnika amalungelo akhe. Kepha ngo-1748, izwe lase-Aachen lanquma umbuzo omuhle kuMary Teresia, olulandele eSilesia. Kamuva, empini yeminyaka eyisikhombisa (kusukela ngo-1756 kuya ku-1763), iNdlovukazi yayifuna ukuwina le nsimu, kepha umzamo awuzange umqhele ngempumelelo: uSilesia wahlala emandleni kaFriedrich II.
Ngo-1765, uMbusi uFranz ngife kungazelelwe, uMary Teresia ubeka indodana kaJoseph II ephethe umhlahlandlela wakhe. Noma kunjalo, imisebenzi yakhe yayikhawulelwe enkantolo, ezezimali nezempi, ngokuzimela okugcwele kwaJoseph II kwakungekho.
Ngo-1772, uMaria Teresia ubamba iqhaza engxenyeni yokuqala yePoland futhi ngenxa yalokho uthola iGalicia. Ngokuqondene noMbuso Wase-Ottoman - ngo-1775, amabutho wesifazane azonikeza iBukovina yakhe. UMaria Teresia uzwakalise isimangalo sakhe "kwifa laseBavavia", kanye nokushayisana kwenzeka ngaphezulu kwesivumelwano seTheshen. Ngesisekelo sakhe, indlu yase-Austrian yathola indawo yaseNana.
Kuboniswe ikakhulukazi iBhodi of Mary Teresia ekuphathweni kwezindaba zangaphakathi zoMbuso. Isikhathi esingenasitha, wakhokha izinguquko ekuphathweni, okubuse ngaphambili kanye nokungabi namthetho. Wazama ukuhambisa imali, ukuthuthukisa umthetho futhi ahlele amabutho empi.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uMaria Teresia Austria kwakuyizwe elisemuva kakhulu kuleso naleso sikhakha. Isikole nokuphrinta kwabuswa ngokuphelele uJesuit. Phambilini, uhulumeni akazange athinte ama-oda asunguliwe, kepha uMaria Teresia waphoqeleka ukwethula izinguquko ezithakazelweni zikahulumeni ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle ngenxa yezimo zangaphandle.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa, uMaria Teresia ukhawulela ithonya lesonto nge-absourssm ekhanyayo futhi waqinisa ukubaluleka kwamandla ezwe. Unciphise kakhulu inani le-orchestra enkantolo, anqume esomhlengi kubaculi. Kodwa-ke, uMaria wanakekela ukuchuma kwesayensi no-Art: amanyuvesi athola amanyuvesi, edonsa izikole, ukuguqulwa kwe-Gymnasium. Nguyena owabeka ukwakheka kwabantu abalula, waletha inani lezikole zibe yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha.
Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kuhulumeni kuye kwathuthukisa ukuthuthuka kwezolimo, ukuthuthukiswa kwefektri kanye nasekwandisweni kokuhweba kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kokushona ngoNovemba 29, 1780, eneminyaka engama-63 ubudala, uMaria Teresia washiya uMbuso ngesibhamu, enempi yabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-260 futhi wakhulisa udumo eYurophu.UMariatesia osebenzayo, onamandla futhi oqondayo wayeyenga futhi enobuhlakani, wenza ngendlela emnandi kwabanye. I-Biography kaMary Teresia igcwele imicimbi. Empilweni ejwayelekile, lona wesifazane wayengunkosikazi othembekile kanye noMama ongenamusa, wayenezingane eziyi-16, eziyi-10 zazo zasinda.
Ukukhumbula
- Ukuhlonipha uMaria Teresia, i-asteroid (295) Terezia, ivulwe ngo-1890.
- Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, kwadalwa isivumelwano samahhashi esingu-22 se-SS Maria Teresia, sakhiwa ikakhulukazi kusuka eVolksdoych, eyayihlala ensimini yalowo owayeyi-Austria-Hungary futhi yavuma ukugcizelela kwengqondo evelele ngempela.
- EVienna, itshe lesikhumbuzo kuhulumeni kanye nezingane zalo eziseduze kakhulu esigcawini sikaMary Teresia zizokwakhiwa. Lo msebenzi wezobuciko awanele ukubona ngokwanele esithombeni, kuyadingeka ukukubona kuphila.
- UMary Teresia uyi-teleproekt ehlangene ehlanganayo, iHungary, eSlovakia kanye neCzech Republic. Ifilimu ngochungechunge olu-2, 2017.
- UThaler Mary Teresia uyimali yesiliva, i-thal ehlukahlukene evamile, esetshenziswe ngenkuthalo ekuhwebeni komhlaba cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kokujaha ngo-1741.
- Ukuhlonipha i-Ertzgertzogi yase-Austrian, uMary Teresia ubizwa ngeROSA izinhlobonhlobo.
- Order of Mary Teresia - Amasosha e-Austrian. Indlovukazi yaseHungary noBohemia, uMaria Teresia, wasungulwa, ngo-1757.