I-Biograge
Izinganekwane ngobuhle beNefertiti, unkosikazi kaFaro Amenhotep IV, uphinde akhubeke ngabathandi bomlando waseGibhithe amakhulu eminyaka. Intombazane efisa, lapho kwakukhona ulwazi oluncane mayelana nesikhathi esedlule, kwaba lo mlingani omenyezelwe nguMbuso futhi kwasiza oshade naye ekwethula inkolo entsha ezweni. Uma ubheka isithombe esenziwe nge-bust egciniwe, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi isidlaliso "ubuhle obuhle" (ukuhunyushwa okungokoqobo kwegama lendlovukazi) kufanelekile ngempela.Ubuntwana nentsha
Indawo lapho iNefertiti yazalwa ingekazi. Usuku olungezelela lokuzalwa kukaHulumeni 1370 BC BC. Asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi indlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo yavela esifundeni saseGibhithe. Uhlobo olujwayelekile uthi le ntombazane yawela ezweni laseRiphabhulikhi yase-Armenia eminyakeni eyi-12. Kungenzeka ukuthi igama langempela leNefertiti liyi-taduch. Le ngane yazalelwa eMesopotamia emndenini weNkosi uTashrut. Ukumisa ubudlelwano noFaro, uNeferiti wathumela eGibhithe njengesipho.
Kungenzeka ukuthi amenhhotep III kwakunguBaba weqiniso weNefertiti, nobuhle bobuhle - isancinza se-harem, lapho intombazane encane izohlala khona kamuva. Omunye umuntu ozongenela okhethweni lomzali, abagibeli baseGibhithe babiza isikhulu esisezingeni eliphakeme okuthiwa yi-AI. Maye, akukho mibono ehlongozwayo enenombolo eyanele yezisekelo.
Indikimba Ebusayo
Ngesikhathi sentombazane yokugcina ekhulayo, uFaro uyafa. Ukujwayelana okungahleliwe nendodana yombusi u-Amenhotep IV (eyaziwa nangokuthi u-Ehnaton) kwashintsha kakhulu i-biography yobuhle. Esikhundleni sokufa obuhlungu, obekulindele bonke abahlali bakaHarem, ababeseyijabulele iNkosi, uNeferiti uthatha indawo 'yonkosikazi omkhulu' wombusi waseGibhithe osanda kusha.
Intombazane eyayineminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-16 ubudala, ithatha isinqumo esihle sokungabheki imicabango yezinguquko yoMlingani. U-Asmenhhotep IV, i-IV yamenyezelwa inkathi yenkolo entsha. Onkulunkulu abaningi baka-Aton bafika babuthana esikhundleni soyedwa uNkulunkulu, owenza ilanga.
Isinqumo esihlangene salowo oshade naye sathola inhloko-dolobha yombuso eya edolobheni lase-Akhetaton. Ukuxhaswa koMwazise umngane wakwako kumlingani weNefertiti kwaletha izithelo zeNeferiti - uFaro wamemezela umashalashi wakhe ngesiqinisekiso, esethole amandla, umfazi weVladyka Egypt akazange acashe kulo lonke isigodlo. UNeferiti kanye nomyeni wakhe bathathe izibalo zezepolitiki, beshiya umcimbi futhi baqhuba imicimbi ekhazimulisa uNkulunkulu omusha.
Ukuphela koMthetho olinganisiwe kuza emva kokufa kwenye yamadodakazi abashadikazi. Mhlawumbe u-Ehnaton wacabanga okokuqala ngokuqhubeka kohlobo lwakhe, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke kube khona umkakhe ukuba azale indlalifa kupholile ukushisa kukaFaro.
UNeferiti uncishwa amandla futhi ushiye isigodlo iminyaka eminingana. Ukungafuni ukuphila impilo ekubonaneni, ubuhle buthatha imisebenzi yothisha bengane yengane Tutankhamon - indlalifa yoMlingani nendodana kaFaro yesibili kaFaro. Buyela emuva esihlalweni sobukhosi, uNeferiti uthola ithuba lokuthonya izinqumo zomuntu oshade naye, kodwa manje wenza ngasese.
Izeluleko zaseGibhithe ziphikisana nokuthi ngemuva kokufa kwe-Amenhotep, u-Indutiti wathumba isihlalo sobukhosi wamemezela ngoFaro, wakhetha igama likaSmenchkar. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, lapho uTutankhamon efika eminyakeni evuthiwe, iNdlovukazi ngokuzithandela yaphuma ebhodini. Umbono onjalo awuqinisekiswanga ngenani elanele lobufakazi bubhekwe njengeqiniso ngokomlando.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umlingani wokuqala wobuhle obusebasha waba Amenhotep III. Kodwa-ke, inyunyana yomshado yayinencazelo enemibandela. UNeferiti wayeseHampere ye-Hellere kaFaro futhi akazange ahlangane nomlingani wakhe, echitha isikhathi nezinye izancinza. Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Amenhotep, uhulumeni wesikhathi esizayo se-III esizayo wasongela ukufa. Ngokwesiko lamakhulu eminyaka lesancinza sikaFaro sangcwatshwa kanye nomthombo.INefertiti idedele Amenhotep IV - Son Amenhotep III. Akukaziwa ukuthi le nsizwa ibona kuphi intombazane, kepha ubizelwe ubuhle kanye nokuhlelwa kwesancinzana kushade uNeferiti, ngaleyo ndlela emsindisa ekufeni. Ngokushesha phakathi kukaFaro noMlingani Omkhulu (isihloko esinjalo bathola ubuhle) baphuca imizwa eqinile.
UNeferiti wabeletha uFaro amadodakazi, futhi kwaphawula ukuqala kwezinkinga emshadweni. Ufisa ukuqhubeka nosizo lwendlalifa, amenhotep IV uxosha umkakhe esifundazweni. Kodwa-ke, umlingani omusha, yize iNdodana eyazala, yasheshe yagcwala umbusi waseGibhithe. UNeferiti ubuyela ekhaya futhi akahlukanga nothandekayo wakhe kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe.
Ukushona
Izazi zaseGibhithe zithi indlovukazi yafa iminyaka engama-30 kuye kwengama-40. Le yiyodwa imininingwane yokuthi abacwaningi bathini ngokuzethemba. Umama uNefertiti akatholakalanga, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthola imbangela yokufa kwe-Amenhotep IV ethandekayo IV.
Kukhona umbono wokuthi ngemuva kokufa kwabaphristi baFaro, akanelisekile ngemiyalo emisha, wahlela uzungu wabulala indlovukazi. Ngokwenye inguqulo yososayensi, isifo esingaziwa esinguLekari esingazange siqashelwe ngesikhathi saba khona kakhulu ukubangela ukufa kweNefertiti. Owesifazane washona kuPhilase.
Indawo yokungcwaba yobuhle obunamandla ayaziwa. Iminyaka engama-20, abavubukuli ngezikhathi ezithile benza izitatimende eziphakeme abathola ithuna leNdlovukazi, kepha isheke eliphelele alikuqinisekisi ukunemba kokutholwa.
Ngo-2015, ngokususelwa ophenyweni lwe-Egyptologist Carl Niclas Rivza, abavubukuli bathi isidumbu sikaNeferti sifihlwe egumbini eliyimfihlo elisegumbini leTutanhamon. Kepha ezinye izingxabano ezinolaka mayelana nokuphuka noma ukungabi nodonga olufihla ithuna kungenzeka, akuthuthukile.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Ukuze ungalahli ithonya ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe, uNefertiti washada noTutankhamon ngendodakazi yakhe i-Anasenpaton.
- Kumadodakazi ayi-6 endlovukazi kubantu abavuthiwe abahlala ama-3 kuphela.
- Ngobuhle boHulumeni waseGibhithe kungahlulelwa yi-burtiti egciniwe yeNefertiti. Izazi zemivubukulo zithole ukutholakala okubalulekile ekumbiweni kwedolobha lase-Achetaton. Manje isithombe sowesifazane sithunyelwa ensimini yemnyuziyamu entsha eBerlin.
- Ukuqabula kwe-Ehnaton kusuka eNefertiti kubhekwa njengokuvela kokuqala kwendawo yothando. Ukukhululeka okuyisisekelo, uFaro waqabula lowo oshade naye, watholakala kulo lapho kufundwa khona lapho sekushiwo i-Ahetaton. Ngaphezu kombhangqwana obusayo, esithombeni kukhona i-ATHO.
- Isiphetho sikahulumeni yisakhiwo esijabulisayo sesimo sefilimu. Ifilimu elithi "Nefertiti" laba lithandwa kakhulu, elishicilelwe ngo-1995. Iqhaza leNdlovukazi lenze uMichel Rocco di Torrepadul.