I-Biograge
URichard Zorge - iqhawe leSoviet Union, Scout. Wayaziwa njengomuntu we-Ezemfundo, enokulinganisela noma yiziphi izingxoxo. Ama-movie ahlungwa yi-feat yeZorga, bhala izincwadi. Njengophawu lwenhlonipho nenkumbulo yaphakade, ibizwa ngokuthi imigwaqo nezikhumbuzo ezimisiwe.Ubuntwana nentsha
URichard Zorge wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 4, 1896 edolobhaneni laseSabinchi Baku esifundazweni saseJalimane laseGustav Wilhelm Richard Zorge. Ubaba wasebenza eNobel, lapho akhethekile khona ekukhiqizeni kawoyela. Umama kaNina Stepanovna Komelovna - ngezimpande zaseRussia, wakhulela emndenini wesisebenzi sesitimela.
UZorge wabhala e-Biography yakhe ukuthi umndeni wakhe (ikakhulukazi ohlwini lukababa) uhlakaniphile, ngokulungiswa kwezinguquko. Lokhu kungenxa yenguquko yango-1848, lapho abaNgqongqoshe, ababomdabu nabazala, babamba iqhaza. Kusukela kumanothi kaRichard, kwaziwa ukuthi ubuntwana badlula eJalimane: ngomoya ophansi, emndenini omkhulu ovikelekile kahle.
UZorge wafunda e-realschule eJalimane, kodwa engazange ayitholile imfundo yamabanga aphezulu - ngo-1914, ivolontiya laya phambi kwempi yezwe yokuqala ebuthweni lempi laseJalimane. Wabamba iqhaza ezimpini, ngaphezu kwalokho walimala.
Ngo-1917, uRichard Zorge walimala, wahlinzwa eKönigsberg, ngenxa yalokho ahlala ekhubazekile (umlenze owodwa mude, enye imfushane). Ngalesi sizathu saxoshwa. Ngesikhathi ehlala eLazaret, uZorge washintsha ngokuphelele imibono yakhe kumaKhomanisi.
Ngo-1917 okufanayo, uZorge wakwazi ukuthatha isitifiketi semfundo yesibili, futhi kamuva idiploma ekugcineni kweNyuvesi. UFriedrich Wilhelm ngo-1918. Ngemuva kwalokho wangena eyunivesithi eKiel, wafunda eFacebook yesayensi yomphakathi. Futhi eHamburg, wadedelwa ngezinga likadokotela wombuso nasemthethweni, kamuva wathola iziqu ku-Economics.
Umbutho wezempi
Ngo-1918, ukuvukela kwati matilosi kwaqala edolobheni laseKiel, lapho uRichard Zorge ebambe iqhaza eqondile, waziphatha kabi ezandleni zabantu. Lapho kuqala inguquko eBerlin, yaba umhlanganyeli osebenzayo ngokungabizi. Kulokhu, iziphathimandla zathumela uZorge zivela edolobheni.
EHamburg, umsebenzi we-Richard Zorge Proport ehlanganiswe nentatheli. Kusukela ngo-1920, waba ngumhleli wephephandaba lephathi eSolingen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhonza njengomcwaningi eSikhuthweni Sokucwaninga Kwezenhlalo eFrankfurt.
Ngo-1924, iKomidi eliPhezulu lamaKhomanisi Amazwe Amazwebiyeli ameme uZorge eMoscow, lapho aqala khona ukusebenza emnyangweni wolwazi. Futhi futhi kwakungumsebenzi wesikhungo sokucwaninga ngeqembu eliphakathi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uZorga waphumelela njengentatheli, wahlukanisa izinkinga zezinkinga zenhlangano yezinguquko eMelika naseJalimane. Lezi zihloko zivele emakhasini "ezomnotho womhlaba kanye nenqubomgomo yomhlaba", "Bolshevik", "amaKhomanisi amazwe aphesheya".
Ngo-1929, uRichard Zorge wasebenzisana noMnyango Wezempi we-Reconnaissus Ngo-1930, iphoyisa lezobunhloli lafika eShanghai ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym radzai futhi yaqala ukuqomisana okuningana okuwusizo. Enye yazo - ngamakhanda eSludzaki, asebenza njengentatheli eJapan futhi anamathela ekukhaleni kwamaKhomanisi. AmaJapan aba ngomunye wabafundi baseZorge ababalulekile.
Kuze kube ngo-1933, uRichard wakwazi ukuthola imininingwane ebalulekile ngolwa ngabeluleki bezempi baseJalimane futhi bacabange ukuthi i-US kungekudala izoqinisa isikhundla sayo ezindabeni zamazwe aphesheya.
EJapan, uRichard Zorge wafika ngoSepthemba 1933 njengesisebenzi semidiya enkulu ephrintiwe yaseJalimane: "Frankfurt Zeight", "uTeglich Rundshau", "Deutushe Volksvirt". Ukwazile ukuthola inxusa laseJapan lezinto zakwamanye amazwe.
Ngo-1938, intando kaRichard Zorge yakwazi ukusinda kule ngozi. Lesi simo sibeke engcupheni ubuhlali, kepha isikhulu sezobunhloli sikwazile ukudlulisa konke okudingekile max clausen, okwakungukufaka ubuhlakani eqenjini lezobunhloli. URichard wayenamaphepha emfihlo namadola. I-Scout yayazi ukuthi uClausen wafika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsakazo womsakazo wathatha wonke amaphepha asendlini ngokuyekethisa okusobala.
Kuze kube ngu-1941, iqembu lezobunhloli laqhubeka nemisebenzi eJapan. Wayehlelelwe ukuhoxa ngenani elanele lolwazi oluthembekile nolusizo, kepha lokhu akwenzekanga. Eduze kuka-1940, uZorge ngokwakhe wathi wayesekulungele ukubuya eJapan, kodwa kwanqunywa ukuthi amnxephezele ukuhlala isikhathi eside lapho, njengoba uRichard ehlobene nawo ayesehlobene noRichard.
Ngo-1941, imininingwane mayelana nokuhlasela okungenzeka kweJalimane eya eRussia isifikile eZorge. Impi ye-Intermarpter ibibona kusengaphambili ngaphandle kokuchaza usuku oluqondile. Ubuye wakwazi ukuthola ukuthi kuze kube ngu-1942, uhulumeni waseJapan akazange aholele empini nasekukhulumeni. Lapho esefundile ngalokhu, amabutho aseRussia asabalalisa amabutho ngendlela yokuthi aqinise ukuvikelwa kweMoscow. Inhlokodolobha yakwazi ukuvikela.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
URichard Zorg wayenabafazi ababili, izingane zokuphila, ubuhlakani abuhambi. UChristina Gerlach kwakuyigama lokuqala, uZorge wahlukaniswa naye ngo-1926, lapho esuka eJalimane.
Ngonkosikazi wesibili, uMaximovaya Catherine Zorga wafakwa ngokomthetho ubudlelwano ngo-1933. Ngo-1942, kwaboshwa owesifazana ukuze axhumane nezitha. Ngenxa yalokho, uCatherine wayesebenzela igama eKrasnoyarsk endaweni yaseKrasnoyarsk, futhi kwafa.
Emshadweni ongakahlelekile, uRichard wahlala noKhanako Isti. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemuva kokubulawa kwamaJapan, kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, avakashele ithuna likaZorge, futhi wabhalwa nasenkonzweni yezokuvikela kwisikhulu esifile.
Ukushona
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1941, kwadalulwa amalungu endawo yokuhlala, kwaqala ukuboshwa kwabantu abaningi. Umhlaka 18 waphetha weza u-Richard ZORGE. Amaphoyisa aseJapan ahlela ukuseshwa kwemizi yababambiqhaza bezikhulumi futhi wathola amadokhumenti okuyekethisa, ukucacisa okuphethwe ngemuva kwemibuzo yemishwana. Vele ngesisekelo semiyalezo ekhethiwe, iZorge yathweswa icala.
Ngokwesinye sezinguqulo, uRichard Zorge akazange aqaphele icala, ekhuluma ngokubambisana neJalimane Comnern, kodwa hhayi neSoviet Union. UHitler wacela ukubuyisa umsizi eJalimane. Futhi iJapan yavuma ukubuyisela uZorge ezweni lakubo ngenxa yeziboshwa eziningana zezombusazwe.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzekanga, uStalin akazange avume izimo zaseJapan, ngoba akazange acabangele inhlekelele yokulahlekelwa yizwe le-Scout. Kunemibono yokuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuqashelwa kweZorge kwenye yezinkantolo ngokubambisana ne-USSR. UStalin akakwazanga ukukuthethelela lokhu. Ngo-1943, kwanqunywa ngokusemthethweni ukwenza i-Richard ZORGE. Ngemuva konyaka, eTokyo ejele "i-Sugamo" ngoNovemba 7, kwaqubuka isinqumo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isikhathi eside uhulumeni wezwe waphika ukufanele kwe-ZORGE. Ngo-1964 wabelwa isihloko seqhawe leSoviet Union ngokusobala ngenxa yeKhrushchev. Namuhla, amafilimu angalibaleki atholakala ngokuhlonipha iphoyisa elidumile lobuchwepheshe, amafilimu angalibaleki ayazinikelwa. Indima ye-zorga esithombeni sokugcina ingeyaka-Alexander Domogarov
Ukukhumbula
- 1954 - "Ukukhashelwa kweJalimane \ Case UDkt Zorge"
- Ngo-1961 - "Ungubani, uDkt Zorge?"
- 1985 - "impi yeMoscow"
- 2003 - "Spy Zorge"
- Ngo-2009 - "Indaba Ephilayo. URichard Zorge. Isakhamuzi Esingakholelwa "
- 2018 - "Zorge"