I-Biograge
UPaul Verlin yimbongi yaseFrance, ummeleli okhanyayo walezobhalo ukugeleza okunjalo, njengophawu nobuhlungu, ngokusho kukaMaxim Gorky - ishumi leminyaka - ishumi leminyaka leshumi. Izinkondlo zakhe ziyinkimbinkimbi, umculo, zihlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile - ngokubheka phansi kwemvumelwano yabesifazane, ukwabiwa komsindo othile nokuphindaphinda. I-reperone ingabizwa ngokuthi yizinkondlo eziguqukayo zaseFrance nezomhlaba.Ubuntwana nentsha
UPaul-Marie uVellen edolobheni laseMetz. Kwenzeka ngoMashi 30, 1844. Bazali bomfana - nicolas-Auguste Verlin, ukaputeni wezobunjiniyela, no-Eliza-Juli Joseph-Stephanie Dee. Ubaba - Kwamasosha, futhi lokhu kusho ukushukumisela umndeni. Kwesokudla kwakuhlala eMetz, e-Montpelfer, eNimea, kusethiwe. Bazinza endaweni eyodwa, eButinale, indawo engaphansi kweParis, kuphela lapho ubaba womndeni eshiya phansi.
Ukubhala izinkondlo uPawulu kwaqala eneminyaka eyi-14, ngo-1858. Ngemuva kwalokho umfana uhlangane noHugo, Banville, eGauthier, eBodler, uLekonta de Lily, ubukhazikhazi. Imbongi encane yaze yathandana ukubhala i-hugo futhi ithumele encwadini yezinkondlo, ukufa ".
I-Verlene iqala ukufunda e-Landry's Guesthouse, bese ku-Lyceum Bona Pocc. Ngo-1860, le nsizwa ihlangana ne-Edmon Lepalet, okuthi ngokuzayo izoba ngumngane, umlobi womlando kanye nenkohliso yenkondlo. Ngo-1862, imali yomndeni waseVerminov, futhi uPawulu, eseba yindawo yendawo, wangena esikoleni kanye nomhlaba ezibalo, ngethemba lokufika enkonzweni yezezimali.
Naphezu kwemizamo enamathiselwe ukulungisa inhlala-kahle yomndeni, uPawulu igama laqala impilo yaseBohemiya. Le nsizwa iphuza, ihamba ngezindlu zomphakathi, ifunda uBuchner ("amandla kanye nendaba"), ivakashela i-marquise de ricar salon, enomzila weRepublipublican. Kulesi salon, i-Theodore de Banville, Auvusk Villa de Lill-Atan, Sully Ruddy, José Maria Elea, Yiba Ngvotweni.
Ngo-Agasti 1863, ephephabhukwini "Ukubuyekezwa Kwentuthuko", ukwakhiwa kwembongi encane kwethulwa enkantolo yabafundi okokuqala - Sonnet "Mnu. Pradute". Ngasikhathi sinye, inkondlo, ukuxhumana ngenkuthalo ngama-parrooms esizayo, kusebenza kuqala emphakathini womshuwalense, khona-ke eParis City Hall.
Lapho ususa ngo-1865, ubaba wensimu uyafa. Ngo-Ephreli 1866, amavesi ayisishiyagalombili e-villine ahlala endaweni awo kumagazini wesishiyagalolunye womagazini wesishiyagalolunye we-parnas magazine, onikeza u-allonsen Revee. Futhi ngoNovemba wonyaka ofanayo, imizamo kaLemer noKuzina veline, u-Eliza Monkombl (emshadweni weDuzardden), iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo ze-saturn ". Ngo-1867, ukufa kuka-Elise ngo-1867, uPawulu wayekhathazekile kakhulu, efuna ukusindiswa ezansi kwe-glade.
Into yokufunda
Ngemuva kwe- "saturn poems", engene futhi emangalisa ku-melodicity yawo "ekwindla ingoma", i-biography yokudala yakwaVilan iyatholakala. Ngo-1867, imbongi isebenzisana noMagazini weSaitir "may zhuki". Ngo-1868, uBonded nge-pseudonym, ukhiqiza incwadi ethi "Izintombi", ezithatha amacala aphansi futhi abhubhise inkantolo. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinkondlo ezise "Izintombi" ezinikezelwe ebudlelwaneni be-Lesbian.
Incwadi yesibili yomunye wezimbongi eziqhakazayo ezikhuluma isiFulentshi ezibizwa nge- "Galant feed" iphuma ngo-1869. Ngemuva konyaka, ukuhlanganiswa okulandelayo kuvela - "Ingoma enomusa", enikezelwe kumkakhe wesikhathi esizayo kaMatillte Moth.
Ezinsukwini zeParis Commune, uVerlene usebenza ehhovisi leMeya, eMnyangweni Wezeminyaka. Ubhala incwadi yakhe yesine ehamba eNgilandi naseBelgium ngo-1872-1873, futhi ekukhanyeni 'kothando ngaphandle kwamagama' anganaki ngo-1874.
Ithandwa ngabafundi namanje inkondlo kusuka kuleli qoqo elithi "inhliziyo ethule ikhala." Kuyadabukisa ukuthi ukufunwa okukhethekile kwezinkondlo ze-villon kunzima kakhulu ukudluliswa lapho kudluliswa kwanoma yini olunye ulimi, ngisho nakwesiRussia esicebile.
Ngo-1874 okufanayo, uPaulin ubhala "ubuciko bezinkondlo" - uhlobo lwezinkondlo ezintsha zaseFrance. Namer kuvame ukubhala ngemvelo, kanye nezindawo zakhe ezihambisana ngokuphelele nama-canoni angcolile, kubonakale ikakhulu isimo somphefumlo. Lona ngumsebenzi womugqa ongenawo uthango ", okucashunwe vele eqinisweni lokuthi ukuhunyushwa kwe-Russian isimo" kudonswa "ngaphandle kwesenzo esisodwa.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1870s, i-resseone ivuselela amanani okuphila, okubandakanya ukholo kuNkulunkulu. Umphumela wokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinto eziza kuqala uba yincwadi ethi "Ukuhlakanipha", enyatheliswa ngo-1881. Ngo-1885, ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo "Kanye futhi kamuva" kulandelwa "ukuhlakanipha" ngonyaka we-1885, okubandakanya "izihloko zemibhalo edumile, izihloko ezibucayi" Izimbongi ezibucayi ". "Ukulahliwe", ngokusho kombhali wezindatshana, kwangena othengisa abathengisi ngokwakhe, u-Arthur Rambo nevesi lesine.
Lezi zithelo ezilandelayo zobuqambi zobuqambi zingaqhayisa nge-aesthetics ekhethekile, ephelele: amaqoqo "uthando" lwe-1888, "injabulo" yakhe ". By the way, "Ukuhlakanipha", "Uthando" kanye "Nenjabulo" kwakha inkondlo eyingqayizivele.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Iminyaka eyishumi, umngani wakhe, uthando lwakhe, izinhlungu zakhe - ubuhlungu bakhe - u-Artur Rambo kwakunguVilan. URazo omncane ngo-1871 wathola isibindi futhi wabhala incwadi enomdlandla eya embongini eseyayakha ngaleso sikhathi, engeza izinkondlo kuye. Futhi kungazelelwe wathola isimemo eParis, futhi into ethakazelayo eyayiyi-Amenistant ikhokhele le nsizwa.
Ithalente le-nugget yesifundazwe labona abaningi, kepha imikhuba yakhe ishiye okuningi ukuthi ifuneke. Ungakhululeki ngokweqile, unamahloni, u-acusted, i-rembo wanqoba veline futhi wawungayihola ngisho nomndeni wakhe, ehlukana nomkakhe uMatilda, owayesephethe umyeni wakhe nembongi yakhe isifundazwe.
Umphumela wohambo oluhlanganyelwe amaRoma noDembo baba "ngokothando ngaphandle kwamazwi", futhi - nesigwebo sejele kanye nomgwaqo owalandela waya kuNkulunkulu. Kukhululwe, iSerlene ngo-1875 yahlangane neRambo. Usuku eStuttgart lwaphela ngokuxabana, ukubeka iphuzu ebudlelwaneni babangane ababili futhi, ngamahemuhemu, abathandi.
Ukushona
Unkosikazi wamfuna futhi wathola isehlukaniso, zonke amanoveli alandelayo womlobi awephumeleli - khona-ke ngesifebe, khona-ke nomdansi wangaphambili. I-verlene yaphuza kakhulu, impilo yakhe ishiye kakhulu ukuba ifiswe.
Ekupheleni kokuphila, cishe sonke isikhathi uPawulu asisebenzisa ezibhedlela. NgoJanuwari 8, 1896, imbongi enkulu yaseFrance yabulawa igazi.
I-Bibliography
Amaqoqo Ezinkondlo
- Ngo-1866 - Izinkondlo zeStureurn "
- Ngo-1869 - "Umkhosi WaseGalant"
- Ngo-1870 - "Ingoma Egcwele"
- Ngo-1874 - "Romances angenamazwi"
- 1881 - "Ukuhlakanipha"
- Ngo-1885 - "Kanye futhi muva nje"
- 1888 - "Uthando"
- Ngo-1889 - "Ngokufana"
- 1891 - "Injabulo"
- 1891 - "Izingoma Zayo"
- Ngo-1892 - "isidlo sakusihlwa"
- Ngo-1894 - "I-Epigram" (iqoqo lokugcina lempilo ye-verlene).
Inkaza
- Ngo-1884 - "Izimbongi Eziqalekisiwe"
- Ngo-1886 - "Umfelokazi amanothi"
- Ngo-1891 - "Izibhedlela Zami"
- Ngo-1893 - "Ijele Lami"