I-Biograge
U-Michael Svetlov ovulekile futhi ophikisayo ujabule ngokubonga ngomsebenzi weGrenada, cishe wonke umuntu wayazi ngesikhathi esifanele. Ama-aphorisms, izingcaphuno kanye ne-epigram svetlov ngokushesha baba khona inkolo. Babona imbongi eyayibonisa imicabango yabantu abasha banamuhla ngaleso sikhathi. Igama likaSvetlova laba lisedume, ngoba osemusha wabona imbongi kuye okuqonda okungokomoya okuhlangenwe nakho okungokomoya.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMikhail Arkadyevich Sheinkman, othi esikhathini esizayo uthathe i-pseudonym, wazalwa 17 (4 Isitayela esidala) ngoJuni 1903 edolobheni lase-Ekaterinoslava (namuhla - idolobha laseDnipro) emkhayeni onohlotshi abampofu abangamaJuda. Ngokusekelwe kwi-autobiil kaMikhail, uBaba kanye nabanye abajwayele amaJuda bathenga amapheya futhi basithengisa ngamakhilogremu. Imali engenayo yayihamba emfundweni yomfana, ngaleso sikhathi ayifunda ngayo esikoleni samabanga aphansi kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nobuzwe, uMikhail - umJuda.
Ngaphambi kwalapho, umfana wafunda eLity, owakhokhela ama-ruble ama-5. Ngolunye usuku, ubaba wafunda ukuthi ama-ruble ama-3 athatha ama-ruble ama-3 edolobhaneni elingumakhelwane, afika ngoMebela, ngavuma ukuqhubekisela phambili isondo elingu-5, kodwa ngacela ukumfundisa umfana idiploma yaseRussia.
Lapho uMikhail ethe, impilo yakhe yamasiko yaqala ngesikhathi lapho uyise eletha isikhwama ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-classics endlini. Kuhle ukubiza ama-ruble angama-60 kopecks, kepha izincwadi azihloselwe nhlobo umfana. Iqiniso ngukuthi umama uMikhail, uRachel Ileevna, wayedume kuwo wonke umuzi ngokukhiqizwa imbewu ethosiwe, futhi kwadingeka iphepha eKelkov. Kepha umfana onenkani wayefuna ukubafunda futhi ezuze: Izincwadi zaya ezinhlakeni kuphela ngemuva kokufunda.
Ama-Shainkmans aphilele kabi kakhulu, imali ekhokhwayo evela encwadini yokuqala uMikhail echitha isinkwa esikhulu sesinkwa esimhlophe, ukuze wonke umndeni wawumbamba ukuba azondle. Lo mcimbi ubungajwayelekile, okwakukhunjulwa kuze kube phakade.
Isikole sokuqala sedolobha sale nsizwa saphela lapho sineminyaka engu-14, ngemuva kokuthi sahlelwa ukuba sisebenzele ukushintshana kwezimpahla nasezithombeni zangasese. Ngenxa yempi yezwe yokuqala kanye ne-Okthoba Revolution, imbongi yekusasa ayikwazanga ukuqhubeka nemfundo yazo. Ngemuva, ngo-1919, uMikhail wawungomunye wabokuqala ukujoyina iKomsomol. Lapho eneminyaka engu-16, wayesevele esebenza njengoMhleli Omkhulu weJudior Proletarian Journal iphephabhuku laseJunior futhi ahoxise umnyango wokuphrinta wesiponji se-Dnipropetrovsk se-komsomol.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, uMikhail wavakashela eMoscow ngo-1920 kanye nabangane bakhe uM. Belambile no-A. Okuvamile njengethunyelwa umhlangano wokuqala waseRussia wabalobi bokuqala. Ngaleso sikhathi, lezi zinsizwa zeza nezimpawu zazo, ngokungangabazeki, zilingisa zimbi futhi zimpofu.
UMikhail waphila isikhashana eKharkov, ukusuka lapho athuthela khona eMoscow eminyakeni engu-2 futhi waya ukuyofunda ku-MGU 1st. Kwakukhona umuntu omaziyo no-Eduard Bagritsky, owaba ngumngane kaMikhail iminyaka eminingi.
Into yokufunda
Izinkondlo umfana waqala ukubhala ngo-1917, inkondlo yokuqala kaMikhail Svetlova yashicilela iphephandaba ngokuthi "izwi lesosha" ngonyaka ofanayo. Ngemuva kokuthuthela enhlokodolobha, amaqoqo kaSvetlova ahamba ngokulandelana: "Izinkondlo", "izimpande", "zimpande", "zimihlangano ebusuku", "ezimbili", "ebuhleni". Emisebenzini, ubuqhawe kanye nezothando balandelwa ngesikhathi sempi yombango.
Ezinkondlo zempi, konke kothando lwethalente likaLeslov kwabonakaliswa. Ngo-1926, umsebenzi oyingqayizivele we- "Grenada" wadalwa, okuwumlando wezothando ovuselelayo ngohlobo lwenkondlo - i-ballad. Umsebenzi weGrenada wanyatheliswa ephephandabeni laseKomsomolskaya Pravda Newspaper ngo-Agasti 29, 1926, kwathi igama elithi Mikhail Svellov lizwakala ezweni lonke. Kulolu suku umbhali ubheka usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe kwenkondlo.
"IGrenada" yakhe yafika emphefumulweni ngisho noVladimir Mayakovsky noMarina Tsvetaeva. Impumelelo yokungezwa yalo msebenzi yasongela ukukhanya ukuba kube yimbongi yenkondlo eyodwa, ngoba izwe lonke layazi "Grenada". Lo msebenzi wafundwa emahostela, amakamelo, ezigcawini, wawuhlabelela ngisho nasezimotweni ezithandwayo.
Ngo-1936, impi yaqala eSpain. Ku-Grenada edumile, uMikhail Svetlov ngokoqobo ububi bakhe baseSpain. Le nkondlo - i-ballad yahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi, futhi yonke iYurophu yayihlambalaza kungekudala. Ifilimu yobuntatheli mayelana nemicimbi yalesosikhathi Konstantin Simonov elibizwa nge- "Grenada, Grenada, Grenada".
Incwadi elandelayo, "Imihlangano yasebusuku", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1927, yabonisa i-alamu nokudideka kwaleyo minyaka. Kepha lesi sikhathi senhlekelele sasithela iMikhail. Umbhali ujulisa umbono we-Romanticism, uyixhumanise nehlaya. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Irony yaba yisici esibalulekile sobuciko kanye nendlela yenkondlo yombhali.
Ukungabaza UMikhail Mikhail mayelana nenguquko kwi-NEP, kuqinisa ubuphenyo bezikhulu zeqembu kanye nokukhanga kwembongi ezithombeni ezingenakusiza futhi ngeshwa abantu abaholele ekugxekeni njalo umsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1928, uMikhail Svellov akafakwa eKomsomol "yeTrotkyism".
Ngo-1935, uMikhail Svetlov wadala elinye ubuciko - inkondlo "Kahloko", okuzayo futhi kwaba ngengoma. Ngalesi sikhathi, uMikhail, imbongi ebonakalayo ebekiwe, izikhalazo zedrama. Ukudlala kokuqala "Isifundazwe esijulile", ngesihluku ukugxeka "iqiniso". Ngo-1941, umdlalo "eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva," okwakhonjiswa yi-Soviet Theatre kuze kube yilapho.
Ngo-1941, uSvetlov waya phambili ngokwedlulele ngokwenqatshelwe, ngoba bengingafuni ukuhlala kude nenhlekelele yendawo yonke. Iqiniso lokuthi uMichael wayefuna indawo yenkonzo ukufakazela amanothi alo we-autobiographical. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba Wesibili Wezwe, iSvetlov yasebenza njengombhali wephephandaba le-Red Star, nangemva kokuba isebenze ngokulandelana komugqa ongaphambili webutho lokuqala.
Inkondlo edume kakhulu yenkathi yezempi kwakuwumsebenzi we- "Italian", osungulwe ngo-1943. Ngenxa yempi, umdlalo "isango le-brandenburg" naye wabhalwa. Emsebenzini wakhe, uMikhail wakhuluma okuningi mayelana nenguquko, mayelana nothando nempi.
Maphakathi nama-50s, ngemuva kwekhefu elibalulekile, amalambu angamabutho amabutho adala. Ngemisebenzi yalesi sikhathi, inguquko kusuka ezihlazweni kuya kwingxoxo yemvelo isimilo. Umsebenzi wokugcina womlobi kwakuyincwadi ethi "Hunting House", ekhishwe ngo-1964.
Ngemuva kokuthi amalambu athathe isikhundla sothisha esikhungweni semibhalo, umbhali wayehlala ezungezwe abafundi. Kepha, naphezu kwabantu kule ndawo, umbhali wayengumuntu onesizungu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uthando lwenkomba lwashayisana namaqiniso.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokweminye imithombo, impilo yomuntu siqu kaMichael kwakukhona abesifazane abathathu abayithandayo. Owokuqala waba uValentina, ka-1927 wanikezela inkondlo. Ngemuva kokuhlangana kukaMikhail wahlangana no-Elena, le ntombazane yabizwa kaningi iLenochka, umkafa wesikhathi esizayo wasebenza njengomlobi ngotypiti. Ukumkhipha, lona wesifazane uphumelele enobuhlakani obungokomthetho. Ngo-1936, abantu abasha baphambuka, kwakungekho zingane ezivela embhangqwana.
Ukuhlangana nonkosikazi wokugcina - ukuzalwa kweHeraklian Amirhegibi - kwenzeka ngo-1938. Enhloko-dolobha, eholidini lokuqala, intombazane enhle esehhovisi laseGeorgia yathunyelwa ukuyokwethula isipho esivela ezweni lakuleli khaya, uComrade Stalin.
Emabonani okugcina amaqiniso aphikisanayo aqhamuka e-biography yentombazane: umsuka weqiniso, uBaba ucindezelwa futhi washona ejele. Noma kunjalo, esigcawini esibomvu, ukuzalwa kusekuhamba, kepha akazange akuvumele nge-stalin.
Owesifazane wayenobuhle obumangalisayo, emantombazaneni aseGeorgia abize igama lakhe lasebukhosini. Usebenze njengomqondisi wosizo, wabamba isikhundla sothisha eVcika futhi wabhala izimo. Ngo-1939, indodana noMikhail yayinendodana - u-Alexander (Sandro) kaSvetlov, owaba umbhali nombhali wesikrini ngokuzayo. Kamuva, ukuzalwa kwakushada ne-Bruno Pontecorvo Physics.
Ukushona
Impilo kaMikhail Arkadyevich Svetlova yayigcwele ngempela. Ama-svengs ayehlala emthunzini, akazange athande ukuphaphama kanye nama-presidiums. Yonke imali etholwayo, le ndoda yadlulisela abantu futhi kwesinye isikhathi ihlala ngaphandle kwemali. Waphrinta impilo yakhe yonke ngokulungiswa kwemishini emshinini. Umlobi akazange adonsele udumo, wayebathanda abantu, kepha wazama ukubambelela ohlangothini ngenxa yesithonjana sawo esingokwemvelo.
Iminyaka eminingi, umlutha kagwayi akazange adlulele esipho - ukukhanya kwatholakala ukuthi kunesiphi umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngisho noshade naye akwazanga ukuthonya i-Svetlov enenkani futhi amenze ayeke ukubhema. Ukuba ngumuntu oyingqayizivele, wahlekisa ngokugula kwakhe, ngoba wayengafuni ukucasuka abathandekayo bakhe. Ngenkathi esibhedlela, ngolunye usuku wacela uLidia Lebedinskaya ukuba amlethe ubhiya, "futhi sengivele nginomdlavuza!" - kusho i-slotov.
Imbongi yafa ngoSepthemba 28, 1964 eMoscow, ishiya ukudlala okungamukeleki kunikezelwe ekuphumeni. UMikhail Arkadyevich ungcwatshwe emathuneni eNovodevichy. Iminyaka emi-3 Ngemuva kokushona kukaSvetlov, okuwukuphela komklomelo okhokhelwayo kunikezwe ngobuhlakani - umklomelo weLeninist ngaphansi kwengxenye ethi "Poetry".
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-1964 - wabamba iqhaza esiqeshini sobusuku bezinkondlo ePolytechnic kwifilimu yobuciko "Zasva Ilich".
- Ngo-Okthoba 5, 1965 - Isinqumo soMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe be-RSFSR City Young Library No. 3 yaseMoscow, igama lembongi uMikhail Arkadyevich Svetlova linikezwe. Namuhla kungumtapo wentsha wedolobha eliphakathi. M. A. Svetlova, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Svetrovka".
- Ngo-1968 - I-Cinematic Ocean Cruise Liner "Mikhail Svetlov" kwifilimu yobuciko "IDayimane Pand".
- Ngo-1985 - I-River Ship "Mikhail Svetlov" (Russia). Izithombe zingatholakala kwi-Intanethi.
- 1985 - Imihlangano Emibhalo "Imihlangano KaMikhail Svetlov"
- 2003 - Igama elithi "igama elihle, udumo oluphezulu. UMikhail Svetlov "
- Igama likaMikhail Svellov elibizwa ngokuthi imigwaqo eminingana emadolobheni ase-USSR, kanye neSvetlovo microdistrict edolobheni laseKakhhovka.
- Igama likaMikhail Svetlova liphinde liqanjwe nolunye lwezindawo zokudlela ze-Moscow Hotel Complex IzImailovo Corps "Delta Gamma".
- E-Ust-Ilimsk yesifunda sase-Irkutsk ukuhlonipha inkondlo "Grenada", iklabhu liqanjwe igama, kanye nomgwaqo atholakala kuwo igama elithi M. Svellova ngalo.
I-Bibliography
- 1923 - "Rails"
- 1923 - "Izinkondlo eziphathelene neRee
- 1924 - "Izinkondlo"
- 1925 - "Izimpande"
- 1927 - "Imihlangano Yebusuku"
- Ngo-1927 - "Kubuhlakani"
- 1928 - "Umgwaqo omkhulu"
- Ngo-1929 - "Incwadi Yezinkondlo"
- 1929 - Izinkondlo Ezikhethiwe "
- 1930 - "Grenada"
- Ngo-1931 - "Golly"
- Ngo-1936 - "Isifundazwe Esijulile"
- Ngo-1939 - "Inganekwane"
- Ngo-1942 - "Amashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili
- Ngo-1942 - "Babaland of Heroes"
- 1942 - "Izinkondlo Mayelana Lisa Chaykina"
- 1957 - "Izinkondlo Nezindawo Zokudlala".
- 1958 - "I-Apple-Iculo"
- 1959 - "Horizon"
- Ngo-1962 - "Ngimamatheka!"
- Ngo-1964 - "Uthando Omawolintshi Amathathu"
- Ngo-1964 - "Indlu Yokuzingela"