I-Biograge
Umlobi wenoveli, imbongi kanye noMphakathi uRyutagawa - omunye wabakhethekile beJapan abaqala ukuvela ngesiNgisi. U-Akutagawa akazange abhale imisebenzi emikhulu, ngesitayela kungabizwa ngokuthi ungumuntu othanda ukuphelela ngokuzethemba, wayevame ukuba nezindikimba zokwesaba nokufa. Naphezu kwe-biography emfushane, uRynca washiya umlobi omkhulu enkonzweni yesikhathi sakhe.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo uRynca acetagawa wazalwa ngoMashi 1, 1892 eTokyo, igama lomfana lisho "udrako". Lapho uRynca wazalwa, umama wayesevele eneminyaka engama-30, futhi uBaba iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. UPapa Boit wahweba ubisi, wayenamadlelo akhe emaphethelweni eTokyo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, amaJapane ayekholelwa ukuthi ukuzalwa kwengane kubantu ababeseneminyaka engama-30, uphawu olubi. Ngakho-ke, kulandela umrobe wakudala, abazali bakwenza sengathi bafana nomfana. Konke lokhu kwalungiswa kuphela ngenxa yezinkolelo-ze.
Lapho ingane inezinyanga eziyi-9 ubudala, abazali bamnika ukukhula kwawo emndenini onoMntwana womfowabo kamama - uMitiaki akatagawa, ngalesosikhathi eba nesikhundla senhloko yoMnyango Wezokwakha. Ngakho-ke umfana walahlekelwa yigama likaNihara futhi waba i-Acutagava.
Ingane ilahlekelwe ngunina ebuntwaneni, izinyanga eziyi-10. Wayehlanya ngenxa yokufa kwendodakazi endala futhi wazibulala esibhedlela sezengqondo. Lesi sifo nokufa kukamama kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo kwasala ukulimala kombhali. Wayevame ukubonisana ngezifo ezingokomoya futhi wayesaba kakhulu isiphetho esifanayo.
Okhokho bomndeni lapho umfana abathola khona kwakukhona abalobi kanye nososayensi, ngakho abalandeli bazame ukunamathela emasikweni asendulo. Lapha kwangikuthanda ukupenda nezinkondlo zangezikhathi zakudala, zabona kahle indlela yokuphila yasendulo, esekelwe ekulaleleni okungenamibandela esahlukweni sendlu.
Ngo-1910, le nsizwa iphothule eTokyo Municipal Secondary School, ibingomunye wabathola iziqu ezinhle kakhulu. URyunca wakhetha izincwadi zesiNgisi ukuze atadishe, abhalise ekolishi lokuqala egatsheni lezincwadi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, i-Acutagawa yathola iziqu ekolishi yangena eBritish University of Tokyo. URyunca kanye nabangane bakhe, ababhali bakhe - uKume Masao, uKikuti Hiroshi noYumoto Yuji, bawazi konke ukugeleza kwezincwadi zaseNtshonalanga. Babevame ukuhoxa impikiswano ngokuthi iningi lezinkomba zihambelana naziphi izinkomba ezihambelana nezicelo zezinsuku zabo. Amakilasi e-University acasule umlobi we-novice: ekuqaleni, izinkulumo zazibonakala zingenandaba, futhi kamuva wadumaza ngokuphelele futhi wayeka ukuvakasha kubo.
Into yokufunda
Maduze nje i-RYunche nabangani bahehwa yinkinga yomagazini wesoni. Ukushicilelwa kwanamathela ezikhundleni zokugxekwa kwesikole semvelo, abamele baso ababizwa ngokuthi "abameleli bezemvelo". Baqhubeka ngokuyinhloko esuka ekubhekeni kwezincwadi njengobuciko, bavikela ilungelo lokuqamba amanga nendaba ngamabomu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bafuna ukuntuleka kwe-monotony futhi bakwazile kakhulu ukuvezwa kwesithombe, ukuzuzwa kolimi. U-Akutagawa nabantu bakhe abanomqondo ofanayo babeyindlela yokudala ememezela uNeorealism. Indaba ethi Dumbut "Indoda Endala" yanyatheliswa yijenali yabo ngo-1914, ubuhlakani bomlobi bumakwe impumelelo kusenesikhathi. Ukuthandwa kwe-Acutahagava kwaletha izindaba ezivela empilweni ye-Medieval Japan "," Ekhaleni "kanye ne" Flour Wesihogo ".
Ebusheni, abalobi baseJapan be-Maiidsi ne-European Unistal inkathi banethonya elinamandla eRynca. Imbongi yaqondwa kahle ezincwadini zaseRussia. Indaba kaNikolai Gogol "uShineel" ophefumulelwe i-RYunca ukudala i-"batach porridge", kanye nokudlalwa kuka-Anton Chekhov "Cherry Sad" aphefumulelwe ukubhala le ndaba "ingadi". Ngokuqondene nomsebenzi weWaldshnep, obhalwe ngo-1921, abalingiswa abaphambili kuwo babeyibhubesi uTolstoy no-Ivan Turgenev.
Iningi labagxeki lifaka phakathi ukuvela kwalezi zinsuku ngesikhathi lapho uRyche ecindezelekile ngenxa yothando olubuhlungu. Wafuna ukuwela ezweni elingafanele, afulathele iqiniso.
Ugqugquzele nomeluleki wakhe kumlobi akatagawa abheka ama-natsuma asos, ahlangana nawo ngenkathi efunda eyunivesithi. Amanoveli okuqala ayenentshisekelo kumakhosi, futhi ngaleso sikhathi athathwa njengomunye wochwepheshe abahle kakhulu bezincwadi zesiNgisi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Izinhloso zomuntu ngamunye zobuntu baseNatuma bahlume emisebenzini ye-Acutagaba: Isimilo sokuziphatha kwamaqhawe, impikiswano yobumbano njengenkinga yomphakathi iyonke, kanye "nombuso wezwe waseJapan".
Ngemuva kokuphothula e-University of Akutagawa, wathola okuthunyelwe uthisha wesiNgisi esikoleni sasolwandle. Le minyaka, i-RYUNCA izobhala ngezingqimba ngothisha uYasukiti - umuntu othembekile, kodwa osakazeke ohlala ewela ezimweni ezifuna ukwazi. Ezinyangeni eziyi-9 zokufundisa, cishe amaqoqo angama-20 ama-aphorisms, izingcaphuno kanye nezindatshana zadalwa. Kubo, umbhali wakhuluma ngaye uqobo:
"Anginathemba. Nginezinzwa kuphela. "Ngalesi sikhathi, ubhala ngokumsulwa kwangaphakathi nakumuntu ojabulisayo womuntu. Futhi kuthinta nesihloko sokungabukeli kokholo olungaboni, okuboniswa emlandweni onesihloko esithi "Madonna ngoMnyama".
Ngo-1919, umbhali waqala ukusebenza ephephandabeni lase-Osaka Minity Simbun. Njengombhalo okhethekile, uRynche wathumela izinyanga ezi-4 eChina. Ukuthola lapho, kwaba buhlungu kumlobi: ubuyela kwabakhathele, konke futhi kwahlushwa ukuqwasha nokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa.
Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwendaba "ngokuningi", indlela yokuqamba yokubhala umlobi ishintshile ngokuphelele. Izindikimba zemisebenzi ziye zaba yisikhathi sansuku zonke, futhi isitayela sifushane futhi siyaqondakala.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
ERyunca University wenze isiphakamiso sezandla nezinhliziyo zamaqanda kaJoshid, kodwa ubaba wokwamukela kabusha wayemelene nale nyunyana. Umbhali wamlalela, ngakho-ke impilo yomuntu siqu ye-Acutagava ixhumene nomunye umuntu wesifazane. Ngo-Mashi 1919, uRyunca noFumi Tsukamoto bangene emshadweni osemthethweni.
Lo mbhangqwana wawunamadodana amathathu: Umntwana wokuqala uHiroshi wazalwa ngoMashi 30, 1920, usuku lokuzalwa kwengane yesibili Takashi - Novemba 8, 1922, futhi ingane yesithathu kaYakusi yazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1925. Ngokuzayo, uYakusi waba ngumqambi, futhi uHiroshi ungumlingisi odumile. Ngokuqondene noTakashi, wayengumfundi, kepha le nsizwa yacela inkonzo yezempi. Umfana walwa eMyanmar, lapho afela khona ngo-1945.
Unkosikazi womlobi ushone ngoSepthemba 11, 1968 ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-myocardial.
Ukushona
Kumkhiqizo we-autobiographical we- "Gear Wheels", umlobi wachaza ama-hallucinations akhe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje yokuphila, i-acutagava yayinemicabango ebonakalayo ekuzibulaleni, yathola inkulumo emisebenzini ye- "Life of Idrit" kanye "noLabha nomngane wakudala." Ngemuva kokubonakaliswa isikhathi eside maqondana nendlela nendawo yokufa, ngoJulayi 24, 1927, uRynca aka wazibulala, wamukela umthamo we-verenoneal, ungashintshi nempilo.
Ngaphambi kwalapho, yena, ngaphandle kokusuka, wasebenza edeskini, ngisho nangobusuku bukaJulayi 23 kuya kuJulayi 24 ngewindows lekhabhinethi, kwahlelwa ngakusasa kufile. Ukufa komlobi kushaqekile abangane kanye nabantu obajwayele, kepha akuzange kumangaze, ngoba uRynca uhlala ekhuluma ngokuzibulala.
Noma kunjalo, isizathu salo mthetho sahlala singaziwa, abanye bakhuluma ngokukhathazeka okungacacile ngomlobi. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yezinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zokufa kukamama noma ngokufudumala kobuciko kanye nokomuntu. U-Akutagawa uphinde wathi kaninginingi wabona amawele akhe emigwaqweni.
Ngo-1935, umngani womlobi, umbhali noMmemezeli UKikuta Kan wasungula umklomelo wezemibhalo ogama lakhe lingu-Ryunca Akutagawa. Kanye ngonyaka waklonyeliswa nge-Watating Earth Entsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngonyaka we-2016, uchungechunge lwe-anime "Olukhulu lwezikhonkwane" lususiwe, lapho uRynca Akutagawa eba yiPrototype yomlingiswa ophambili. Izithombe zeqhawe zingabonakala kwi-Intanethi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1914 - "Indoda Endala"
- Ngo-1915 - "Isango LaseRasloon"
- 1916 - "Impumulo"
- Ngo-1916 - I-Batata porlidge
- Ngo-1916 - "Induna ye-Nasal Handerchief"
- Ngo-1916 - "Ugwayi noDeveli"
- Ngo-1917 - "Jam Jam"
- 1917 - "Okumangazayo Ngobuningi"
- 1917 - "Injabulo"
- 1917 - "Ukuphanga"
- 1918 - "Pautinka"
- Ngo-1918 - "Isihogo Esinesizungu"
- Ngo-1918 - "Ukufa KomKristu"
- 1919 - "Izinja Nekhwela"
- Ngo-1919 - "Impilo yaseSt. Cyrustohoro"
- 1919 - "Izimangaliso Zomlingo"
- 1919 - "AmaMandarins"
- 1920 - "ekwindla"
- Ngo-1920 - "Ukuhawukela UKristu"
- 1920 - "UNkulunkulu We-Agni"
- 1921 - "Ngokuvamile"
- 1922 - "Jikelele"
- 1922 - "Trolley"
- 1922 - "Imakethe Yezinhlanzi"
- 1922 - Baryshnya Rokuniamia
- 1923-1927 - "Amagama we-pagmy"
- 1923 - "Impi Yenkawu Nge-Crab"
- Ngo-1925 - "Ingxenye yempilo yeDidodi Sink"
- Ngo-1926 - "Testamente"
- Ngo-1927 - "Ezweni lamanzi"
- 1927 - "Amasondo Avikeleka"
- Ngo-1927 - "Impilo Yesihlwa"
- 1927 - "Abantu BaseNtshonalanga"